Solanum lanceolatum

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} {{Speciesbox |image = Solanum lanceolatum.jpg |status = LC |status_system = IUCN3.1 |status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) |author2=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |author3=Cornejo-Tenorio, G. |author4=Ibarra-Manríquez, G. |year=2019 |title=''Solanum lanceolatum'' |volume=2019 |article-number=e.T136791888A136791890 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T136791888A136791890.en |access-date=3 July 2024}}</ref> |genus = Solanum |species = lanceolatum |authority = Cav. |synonyms = See text }}

'''''Solanum lanceolatum''''', with the common names '''orangeberry nightshade'''<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SOLA|taxon=Solanum lanceolatum|access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> and '''lanceleaf nightshade''', is a species of nightshade. It is native to regions of South America, including the Cerrado ecoregion of the Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, primarily in Brazil.

The flowers of ''Solanum lanceolatum'' are light purple. All parts of the plants are toxic if eaten, including its fruit.

==Taxonomy== ===Former subspecies=== In the past this plant was variously considered a variety of other ''Solanum'' species. It was included in ''Solanum glutinosum'' as var. ''irazuense'' by Kuntze (note that there was also a ''S. irazuense'', which is the same as ''Solanum pubigerum''. It was included in ''Solanum corymbosum'' of von Jacquin (a valid species), and in ''S. hernandesii'' (which is currently ''Solanum ferrugineum'') as var. ''corymbosum'' by Dunal – not to be confused with the ''S. corymbosum'' of Wight based on Nees (which is the same as the ''nomen nudum'' ''S. vagum'' of B. Heyne, based on N. Wallich). Like many nightshade species, it was also included in ''Solanum torvum'', in its case by Otto Sendtner as var. ''schiedeanum''.<ref name = ss2008>Solanaceae Source [2008]</ref>

===Former synonyms=== There are also a number of now-invalid names where the orangeberry nightshade was considered a distinct species. Many of these are also homonyms of other ''Solanum'' taxa:<ref name = ss2008 /> * ''Solanum amictum'' Dunal :''S. amictum'' var. ''fructipendulum'' is ''S. rudepannum''. * ''Solanum bifidum'' Sessé & Moc. (''non'' Dunal in DC.: preoccupied) :The ''S. bifidum'' described by Dunal in de Candolle is ''S. lepidotum''. That described by de Conceição Vellozo from Dunal in DC. is ''S. subumbellatum''. * ''Solanum canescens'' Pav. ex Dunal (''non'' Blume: preoccupied) :''S. canescens'' as described by Blume is an undetermined species. The ''S. canescens'' of L.C. Richard based on Dunal in de Candolle is the ''S. asperum'' of L.C. Richard. That described by Kitaibel is ''S. villosum'' of Philip Miller. * ''Solanum cinerascens'' Pav. ex Dunal * ''Solanum cymosum'' Ortega :The ''S. cymosum'' described by Banks from Dunal in de Candolle is ''S. viridifolium''. The one described by Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez is ''S. corymbosum'' of von Jacquin. * ''Solanum densiflorum'' M.Martens & Galeotti :As described by Otto Sendtner in von Martius, ''S. densiflorum'' refers to ''S. piluliferum''. As described by Dunal in de Candolle, it refers to the indeterminable ''S. athroanthum''. * ''Solanum floccosum'' M.Martens & Galeotti (''non'' Zipp. ex Span.: preoccupied) :''S. floccosum'' Zipp. ex Span. is an undetermined species. As described by Dunal in de Candolle it refers to ''S. pachimatium''. * ''Solanum hartwegii'' Benth. * ''Solanum inaequale'' Hornem. :''S. inaequale'' of de Conceição Vellozo is ''S. pseudoquina''. The one described by C. Presl is ''S. lanceifolium'' of von Jacquin. * ''Solanum lambertii'' Dunal * ''Solanum lanceolatum'' var. ''sinuatum'' Dunal * ''Solanum leiboldianum'' Dunal * ''Solanum macrophyllum'' Hort. ex Dunal * ''Solanum mexicanum'' Dunal * ''Solanum mexicanum'' var. ''albiflorum'' Dunal :The ''S. mexicanum'' described by Willdenow from J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes is ''S. pubigerum''. The one described by Sessé & Mociño is ''S. bulbocastanum''. * ''Solanum schiedeanum'' Schltdl. * ''Solanum vellereum'' Schltdl.

===Other nomenclature=== The taxon ''S. lanceolatum'' had also been used for other ''Solanum'' species in error. As used by Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez, it refers to ''Solanum ruizii''. The ''S. lanceolatum'' of Berthault is ''Solanum cardiophyllum'' as described by John Lindley.<ref name = ss2008 />

==Cultivation — invasive species== ''Solanum lanceolatum'' is cultivated as an ornamental plant.

It was introduced to California as a garden plant, but has naturalized and ranked a noxious weed there.<ref name=calflora>{{ cite web |url=http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Solanum+lanceolatum |title=''Solanum lanceolatum'' at CalFlora |access-date=November 1, 2012}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

===Footnotes=== * {{aut|Solanaceae Source}} [2008]: [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/solanaceaesource/taxonomy/description-detail.jsp?taxa=3365 ''Solanum lanceolatum'']. Retrieved 2008-SEP-27.

==External links== {{Commons category|position=left}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q7555750}}

lanceolatum Category:Flora of Brazil Category:Flora of southern South America Category:Flora of the Cerrado Category:Flora of the Atlantic Forest Category:Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles