{{Short description|Genus of vines}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Starr 070308-5394 Solandra maxima.jpg |image_caption = ''[[Solandra maxima]]'' |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Solandra |authority = [[Olof Swartz|Sw.]] |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text. |synonyms = ''Swartsia'' <small>J.F.Gmel.</small> }}
'''''Solandra''''' {{IPAc-en|s|oʊ-|ˈ|l|æ|n|d|r|ə}}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[Solanum|nightshade]] family, [[Solanaceae]]. It is named after the Swedish naturalist [[Daniel Solander|Daniel C. Solander]].<ref>Genaust, Helmut (1976). ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen'' {{ISBN|3-7643-0755-2}}</ref>
The [[vine]]s it contains are commonly known as '''chalice vines''' and are native to the [[Caribbean]], [[Mexico]] and [[South America]]. They have very large flowers and glossy foliage. They are also called Cup of Gold.
''Solandra grandiflora'' was once (and likely still is) used by the [[Huichol people|Huichol]] of Mexico and other tribes of the region where it is known by the name "kieli" or "kieri" with some archaeological evidence supporting the theory that its use as a hallucinogen predates that of peyote (''[[Peyote|Lophophora williamsii]]''). A [[tea]] from the branches and more so from the roots and fruits is used as an inebriant in native traditions. The [[alkaloids]] present include [[atropine]], noratropine, [[hyoscyamine]], and [[tropine]] with about 0.15% overall content in the leaves.<ref name=revision>{{Cite journal|last=Bernardello|first=Luis M.|last2=Hunziker|first2=Armando T.|date=1987-12-01|title=A synoptical revision of Solandra (Solanaceae)|journal=Nordic Journal of Botany|language=en|volume=7|issue=6|pages=639–652|doi=10.1111/j.1756-1051.1987.tb02032.x|issn=1756-1051}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entheology.org/edoto/anmviewer.asp?a=87|title=Solandra grandiflora - Chalice Vine|last=|first=|date=|website=Entheology|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
In all ten species are recognized:<ref name=revision /> * ''[[Solandra boliviana]]'' * ''[[Solandra brachycalyx]]'' * ''[[Solandra brevicalyx]]'' * ''[[Solandra grandiflora]]'' * ''[[Solandra guerrerensis]]'' * ''[[Solandra guttata]]'' * ''[[Solandra longiflora]]'' * ''[[Solandra maxima]]'' * ''[[Solandra nizandensis]]'' * ''[[Solandra paraensis]]''
==Selected species== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Image !! Scientific name !! Distribution |- |[[File:Solandra grandiflora by Scott Zona - 003.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Solandra grandiflora]]'' <small>[[Olof Swartz|Sw.]]</small>|| Tropical America |- |[[File:Solandra longiflora - Brooklyn Botanic Garden - Brooklyn, NY - DSC08024.JPG|120px]] || ''[[Solandra longiflora]]'' <small>Tussac</small>|| Venezuela, Ecuador, Suriname |- |[[File:Solandra maxima IMG 1810.JPG|120px]] || ''[[Solandra maxima]]'' <small>(Sessé & Moc.) P.S.Green</small> – Golden chalice vine, Cup of Gold, Hawaiian lily|| Mexico and Central America |- |}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{commonscat-inline|Solandra|''Solandra''}} {{Wikispecies-inline|Solandra Sw.|''Solandra''}} * [http://www.asklepios-seeds.de/media/wysiwyg/solandra-longiflora.jpg Solandra longiflora from Ecuador] 2013 *[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?11262 USDA GRIN database: ''Solandra'']
{{Taxonbar|from=Q136929}}
[[Category:Solanoideae]] [[Category:Solanaceae genera]] [[Category:Vines]] [[Category:Taxa named by Olof Swartz]]