Sohrevard

{{Short description|City in Zanjan province, Iran}} {{for multi|the administrative division|Sohrevard Rural District|the administrative division former known as Sohrevard Rural District|Karasf Rural District}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Sohrevard |native_name = {{langx|fa|سهرورد}} |native_name_lang = fa |settlement_type = City |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_alt = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_alt = |image_seal = |seal_alt = |image_shield = |shield_alt = |etymology = |nickname = |motto = |image_map = |map_alt = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Iran |pushpin_map_alt = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_label_position = |coordinates = {{Coord|36|04|28|N|48|26|18|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}} |coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.074444&mlon=48.438333&zoom=15#map=15/36.07444/48.43833|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Sohrevard City, Khodabandeh Central District, Khodabandeh County, Zanjan Province, Iran|date=11 September 2024|access-date=11 September 2024|lang=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Google Maps |title=3CFQ+Q8G Sohrevard, Zanjan Province, Iran |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/36°04'28.0%22N+48°26'18.0%22E/@36.074444,48.438333,4463m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d36.074444!4d48.438333?hl=en&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDYyMy4yIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[Iran]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Zanjan province|Zanjan]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Khodabandeh County|Khodabandeh]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh (administrative division)|District]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Khodabandeh County)|Central]] |established_title = Established as a city |established_date = 2007<ref name="Sohrevard City"/> |founder = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |unit_pref = Metric   |area_footnotes =  |area_total_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 Zanjan Province"/> |population_as_of = 2016 |population_total = 6991 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |population_demonym = |timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]] |utc_offset = +3:30 |postal_code = |area_code = |website =  |module = |footnotes = }}

'''Sohrevard''' ({{langx|fa|سهرورد}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Sohravard'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3766562}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Khodabandeh County)|Central District]] of [[Khodabandeh County]], [[Zanjan province|Zanjan]] province, [[Iran]], serving as the administrative center for [[Sohrevard Rural District]].<ref name="Zanjan Province Reforms 115129"> {{cite web |first=Hassan |last=Habibi |author-link=Hassan Habibi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تاریخ تصویب}} (Approval date) 1373/11/30 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=19 February 1995  |script-title=fa:ایجاد و اصلاحات در محدوده استان زنجان |trans-title=‌Establishment and reforms within the province of Zanjan |url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/115129 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217171830/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/115129 |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=25 June 2025 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|لام تا کام}} [Lam ta Kam] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|‌وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت}} [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شناسه}} [ID] D07D9EBB-7EF5-4B68-9A5E-0CD1217E5519. {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شماره دوره}} [Course number] 73, {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شماره جلد}} [Volume number] 254.}}</ref> The previous capital of the rural district was the village of [[Karasf]],<ref name="Khodabandeh County Rural Districts"> {{cite web |first=Mir-Hossein |last=Mousavi |author-link=Mir-Hossein Mousavi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تاریخ تصویب}} (Approval date) 1365/08/18 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=9 November 1986  |script-title=fa:ایجاد و تشکیل تعداد 9 دهستان شامل روستاها و مزارع و مکانها در شهرستان خدابنده تابع استان زنجان |trans-title=‌Creation and formation of nine rural districts, including villages, farms and places in Khodabandeh County under Zanjan province |url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/109694 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218014218/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/109694 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=25 June 2025 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|لام تا کام}} [Lam ta Kam] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|‌وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|هیات وزیران}} [Council of Ministers] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شناسه}} [ID] 66E9DE86-7D23-4721-A9AF-C99963BDD1D6. {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شماره دوره}} [Course number] 65, {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شماره جلد}} [Volume number] 5.}}</ref> now a city.<ref name="Soltaniyeh County Establishment"> {{cite web |first=Mohammad Reza |last=Rahimi |author-link=Mohammad Reza Rahimi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تاریخ تصویب}} (Approval date) 1392/03/29 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=19 June 2013  |script-title=fa:اصلاحات تقسیماتی در استان زنجان |trans-title=‌Divisional reforms in Zanjan province |url=https://davoudabadi.ir/page/79673104 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625165518/https://davoudabadi.ir/page/79673104 |archive-date=25 June 2025 |access-date=25 June 2025 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مهدی داودآبادی}} [Mehdi Davudabadi] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|‌وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|هیات وزیران}} [Council of Ministers] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|پیشنهاد شماره}} [Proposal Number] 131110/42/4/1.}}</ref>

== Etymology == According to [[Theodor Nöldeke]], and later followed by [[Josef Marquart]], the name Sohrevard was originally derived from the personal name [[Sohrab]], so that the city's original name would have been something like ''Suxrāp-kart'' or ''Suhrāv-gerd''.<ref name="Plessner 1997">{{cite book |last1=Plessner |first1=M. |editor1-last=Bosworth |editor1-first=C.E. |editor2-last=van Donzel |editor2-first=E. |editor3-last=Heinrichs |editor3-first=W.P. |editor4-last=Lecomte |editor4-first=G. |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE) |date=1997 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=90-04-10422-4 |page=777 |url=https://ia600603.us.archive.org/14/items/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf |access-date=18 May 2022 |chapter=SUHRAWARD}}</ref> Nöldeke specifically thought the Sohrab in question was a certain governor of [[al-Hirah]] attested with this name, but there were many other known people named Sohrab and in reality the city could have been named after any one of them.<ref name="Plessner 1997"/>

== History == Medieval Muslim geographers described Sohrevard as a town in the province of [[Jibal]], located south of [[Soltaniyeh]] on the road from [[Hamadan]] to [[Zanjan, Iran|Zanjan]].<ref name="Plessner 1997"/> According to [[al-Istakhri]], this route was the shortest route to get from Jibal to [[Adharbayjan]] and was the one usually used in peacetime; in times of political conflict, travellers took the longer route via [[Qazvin]] instead.<ref name="Plessner 1997"/> [[Ibn Hawqal]] wrote the exact opposite about the two routes.<ref name="Plessner 1997"/> Since Sohrevard had a cold highland climate, it did not produce much agriculturally except for grain and some smaller fruits.<ref name="Plessner 1997"/>

In the 10th century, when Ibn Hawqal wrote, Sohrevard was a [[Kurdish population|Kurdish]] town inhabited by [[Kharijites]], who later mostly emigrated from the city.<ref name="Plessner 1997"/> The walled city of Sohrevard was later destroyed by the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]].<ref name="Plessner 1997"/> In the 14th century, [[Hamdallah Mustawfi]] described Sohrevard as merely a small village, with many Mongol villages also in the area.<ref name="Plessner 1997"/>

==Demographics== ===Population=== At the time of the 2006 National Census, Sohrevard's population was 5,786 in 1,356 households, when it was a village in [[Sohrevard Rural District]].<ref name="2006 Zanjan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان زنجان |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2006: Zanjan Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/19.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920091748/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/19.xls |archive-date=20 September 2011 |format=Excel |access-date=25 September 2022}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 6,104 people in 1,665 households,<ref name="2011 Zanjan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان زنجان |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2011: Zanjan Province |language=fa |website=Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University |url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Zanjan.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121160421/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Zanjan.xls |archive-date=21 January 2023 |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |format=Excel |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref> by which time the village had been converted to a city.<ref name="Sohrevard City"> {{cite web |first=Parviz |last=Davoodi |author-link=Parviz Davoodi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تاریخ تصویب}} (Approval date) 1386/07/29 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=21 October 2007  |script-title=fa:تصویبنامه در خصوص تبدیل روستای سهرورد از توابع دهستان سهرود بخش مرکزی شهرستان خدابنده در استان زنجان به شهر سهرورد |trans-title=‌Letter of approval regarding the conversion of Sohrevard village from the functions of Sohrevard village in the Central District of Khodabandeh County in Zanjan province to Sohrevard city |url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/131858 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218125712/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/131858 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=25 June 2025 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|لام تا کام}} [Lam ta Kam] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|‌وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|هیات وزیران}} [Council of Ministers] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شناسه}} [ID] 99E49E61-6252-496C-9096-B385B11501D7.}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 6,991 people in 1,961 households.<ref name="2016 Zanjan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان زنجان |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2016: Zanjan Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_19.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427114852/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_19.xlsx |archive-date=27 April 2022 |format=Excel |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref>

==Notable people== Sohrevard was the birthplace of the 12th-century Iranian philosopher, [[Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi]],<ref>M. Kamal, ''Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy'', p.12, Ashgate Publishing Inc., 136 pp., 2006, {{ISBN|0-7546-5271-8}} (see p.12)</ref> the Persian Sufi [[Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi]] and his nephew [[Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi]] (a direct descendant of Islamic Khalifa Abū Bakr as-Ṣiddīq).{{cn|date=June 2024}}

==See also== {{Portal-inline|Iran}} {{clear}}

== Notes == {{notelist}}

== References == {{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities in Zanjan province]]

[[Category:Populated places in Khodabandeh County]]

[[Category:2007 establishments in Iran]]