Sofim 8140 engine

{{Refimprove|date=March 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox engine |name=Sofim 8140 engine |manufacturer=[[Sofim]] |aka=[[Renault]] S-Type engine |production=1978–2006 |valvetrain=[[Single overhead camshaft|SOHC]] 8v |successor= }}

[[File:Fiat 131 Abarth diesel.jpg|thumb|right|Fiat 131 Abarth diesel concept as tested during the 1977 London-Sydney Marathon rally.]] The '''8140''' was a [[diesel engine]] made by [[Sofim]] for [[car]]s. Originally introduced as a [[Indirect injection|swirl chamber]], naturally aspirated diesel it was mostly used in commercial vehicles worldwide.

At the time of introduction, the 8140's overhead camshaft layout (driven by a [[Timing belt (camshaft)|toothed timingbelt]]) was unexpected in a diesel engine, which were typically [[Overhead valve engine|overhead valve designs]].<ref name=3Anni>{{cite book |year=1977 |chapter=Fiat 131 Mirafiori: da 3 anni è un successo |trans-chapter=Fiat 131 Mirafiori: a three-year success |title=Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 77/78 |language=it |location=Milan |publisher=Editoriale Domus S.p.A |page=205}}</ref> Turbocharging the original engine, the design of which was finished in 1974, was impeded until 1985 due to restrictions of the original design.<ref name="Truck9.82">{{ cite magazine |last=Norbye |first=Jan |editor-last=Kennett |editor-first=Pat |date=September 1982 |title=Intertruck: Italy |magazine=Truck |location=London, UK |publisher=FF Publishing Ltd |page=27}}</ref> [[Heat flux]] issues with the aluminium head and swirl chambers were eventually overcome, but did slow down development. Before entering the market, Fiat tested the Sofim engine in its 131 model during the 1977 London-Sydney Marathon.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.londonsydney77.com/crews.html | title = The 1977 SIA London to Sydney Marathon: the Longest Car Rally in History | access-date = 2025-02-15 | archive-date = 2024-12-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241213183728/https://www.londonsydney77.com/crews.html | url-status = live}}</ref>

First direct injection models also appeared in the mid-1980s.

Additionally to the Fiat designation 8140 some engines got a Renault tag (S8 for indirect injection, S9 for direct injection).

=={{anchor|2.0|1995}} 2.0 L version == In the early beginning there was a {{convert|1,995|cc|l|0|adj=on|order=flip}} four-cylinder {{cvt|65|PS}}, called the Sofim 8144.65. Alongside the 2.4-litre version it was used in light commercial vehicles like the [[Renault Super Goélette|Saviem SG2]], the first-generation [[Iveco Daily#Fiat Daily (1978)|Fiat/Iveco Daily]] (also marketed as the OM Grinta, Alfa Romeo AR8 Unic Daily, and Magirus Daily), as well as passenger cars like the [[Fiat 131]] and [[Fiat 132|132]] models.<ref>{{cite web|title=1981 FIAT 131 DIESEL SUPER 2500|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1981/713060/fiat_131_diesel_super_2500.html|website=automobile-catalog.com|access-date=2012-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506015656/http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1981/713060/fiat_131_diesel_super_2500.html|archive-date=2016-05-06|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FIAT 131 CL DIESEL 2000 (1978)|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/auta_details1.php|website=automobile-catalog.com|access-date=2012-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106213704/http://www.automobile-catalog.com/auta_details1.php|archive-date=2012-01-06|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TMN">{{cite book |last = Mazzocchi Bordone| first = Maria Giovanna |title = Fiat, tutti i modelli del novecento| trans-title=Fiat, all the 20th century models| publisher = Editoriale Domus| series = Un secolo di auto italiana | volume = II| location = Rozzano (MI) | date = 2010}}</ref>{{rp|96}} It also saw use in the [[Fiat Campagnola]].

== {{anchor|S8U|2.4|2445}} 2.4 L version== The original '''2.4 L''' big block displaces {{cvt|2445|cc|cuin|1}}, with a bore and stroke of {{cvt|93 × 90|mm}}.

== {{anchor|S9U|2499}} 2.5 L version== In 1990 the '''2.5 L''' was introduced with a longer stroke, increased by 2 mm to 92 mm. The bore remained unchanged at 93 mm, this version displaces {{cvt|2499|cc|cuin|1}}.

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" !Engine type!!Displacement cc!!Max power PS (kW) at rpm!!Max torque N⋅m (lb⋅ft) at rpm!!Layout and number of cylinders!!Valve / number of valves!!Car!!Years of production |- |align=center|'''8140.07'''||align=center|2499||align=center|{{cvt|75|PS|kW|0}}/4200 {{cvt|76|PS|kW|0}}/4000||align=center| {{cvt|162|Nm|lbft|0}}/2200 {{cvt|165|Nm|lbft|0}}/2400||align=center|R4, [[Diesel engine#Direct injection|DI]], naturally aspirated||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Ducato]] [[Iveco Daily|Iveco TurboDaily]] [[Renault Trafic]] [[Renault Master]] [[Renault Master|Renault Messenger]] [[Tarpan Honker]]||align=center|1989–1994 1990–1994 1990–1994 1990–1997 1990–1999 1991–1996 |- |align=center|'''8144.67'''||align=center|2499||align=center|{{cvt|75|PS|kW|0}}/4200||align=center| {{cvt|162|Nm|lbft|0}}/2200||align=center|R4, [[Diesel engine#Indirect injection|IDI]], naturally aspirated||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Croma]] [[Fiat Ducato]] | align="center" |1989–1996 1989–1994 |- |align=center|'''S9U (8140.67)'''||align=center|2499||align=center|{{cvt|80|PS|kW|0}}/4000||align=center| {{cvt|155|Nm|lbft|0}}/2200||align=center|R4, IDI, naturally aspirated||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Renault Master]] [[Opel Movano A|Opel Movano]] [[Nissan Interstar]]||align=center|1997–2000 1998–2000 1999–2000 |- |align=center|'''8140.67'''||align=center|2499||align=center|{{cvt|84|PS|kW|0}}/4200||align=center| {{cvt|164|Nm|lbft|0}}/2400||align=center|R4, IDI, naturally aspirated||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Ducato]]||align=center|1994–1999 |- |align=center|'''8140.27'''||align=center|2499||align=center|{{cvt|95|PS|kW|0}}/3800 {{cvt|103|PS|kW|0}}/3800||align=center| {{cvt|216|Nm|lbft|0}}/2000 {{cvt|225|Nm|lbft|0}}/2000||align=center|R4, DI, [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]]||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Ducato]] [[Iveco Daily|Iveco TurboDaily]] [[Renault Master|Renault Messenger]] [[Tarpan Honker]]||align=center|1989–1994 1989–1994 1989–1996 1991–1996 |- |align=center|'''S9U (8140.27)'''||align=center|2499||align=center|{{cvt|88|PS|kW|0}}/3800 {{cvt|94|PS|kW|0}}/3800||align=center| {{cvt|200|Nm|lbft|0}}/2200 {{cvt|205|Nm|lbft|0}}/2200||align=center|R4, DI, turbocharged |align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Renault Master]]||align=center|1989–1990 1990–1994 |- |align=center|'''8140.47'''||align=center|2499||align=center|{{cvt|116|PS|kW|0}}/3800||align=center| {{cvt|245|Nm|lbft|0}}/2000||align=center|R4, DI, turbocharged, [[Intercooler|intercooled]]||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Ducato]] [[Iveco Daily|Iveco TurboDaily]] [[Renault Master|Renault Messenger]]||align=center|1994–2002 1994–2000 1994–1996 |- |align=center|'''8144.97'''||align=center|2499||align=center|{{cvt|116|PS|kW|0}}/3900||align=center| {{cvt|245|Nm|lbft|0}}/2200||align=center|R4, IDI, turbocharged, intercooled||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Croma]] [[Lancia Thema]]||align=center|1989–1996 |- |align=center|'''S8U-762 (8144.97)'''||align=center|2499||align=center|{{cvt|113|PS|kW|0}}/4000||align=center| {{cvt|240|Nm|lbft|0}}/2000||align=center|R4, IDI, turbocharged, intercooled||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Renault Safrane]]||align=center|1992–1996 |}

== 2.8 L version== The '''2.8 L''' displaces 2800 cc having a larger bore and stroke of {{cvt|94.4 × 100|mm}}.

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" !Engine type!!Displacement cc!!Max power PS (kW) at rpm!!Max torque N⋅m (lb⋅ft) at rpm!!Layout and number of cylinders!!Valve / number of valves!!Car!!Years of production |- |align=center|'''8140.63'''||align=center|2799||align=center|87 (64)/3800 85 (63)/3800||align=center| {{cvt|180|Nm|lbft|0}}/2000||align=center|R4, [[Diesel engine#Indirect Injection|IDI]], naturally aspirated||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Ducato]] [[Iveco Daily]] [[Renault Mascott]]||align=center|1998–2000 1996–1999 1999–2004 |- |align=center|'''8140.23'''||align=center|2799||align=center|103 (76)/3600 106 (78)/3600||align=center| {{cvt|240|Nm|lbft|0}}/1900 {{cvt|235|Nm|lbft|0}}/1900 {{cvt|250|Nm|lbft|0}}/1800||align=center|R4, [[Diesel engine#Direct Injection|DI]], [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]]||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Iveco Daily]] [[Renault Master|Renault Messenger]] [[Renault Mascott]]||align=center|1996–2000 1996–1999 1999–2004 |- |align=center|'''S9W (8140.43)'''||align=center|2799||align=center|115 (84)/3600||align=center| {{cvt|260|Nm|lbft|0}}/1800||align=center|R4, DI, turbocharged, [[Intercooler|intercooled]]||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Renault Master]] [[Opel Movano A|Opel Movano]] [[Nissan Interstar]]||align=center|1997–2000 1998–2000 1999–2000 |- |align=center|'''8140.43'''||align=center|2799||align=center|118 (87)/3600 122 (90)/3600||align=center| {{cvt|270|Nm|lbft|0}}/1800 {{cvt|285|Nm|lbft|0}}/1800||align=center|R4, DI, turbocharged, intercooled||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Ducato]] [[Citroën Jumper]] [[Peugeot Boxer]] [[Iveco Daily]]||align=center|1997–2000 1997–2000 1997–2000 1996–2000 |- |align=center|'''8140.43S'''||align=center|2799||align=center|127 (93,5)/3600 125 (92)/3600||align=center| {{cvt|300|Nm|lbft|0}}/1800 {{cvt|290|Nm|lbft|0}}/1800||align=center|R4, DI, [[Diesel engine#Common rail injection|common rail]], turbocharged, intercooled||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Ducato]] [[Citroën Jumper]] [[Peugeot Boxer]] [[Iveco Daily]] [[Renault Mascott]]||align=center|2000–2005 2000–2005 2000–2005 2000–2006 2000–2004 |- |align=center|'''8140.43N'''||align=center|2799||align=center|146 (107)/3600||align=center| {{cvt|310|Nm|lbft|0}}/1500 {{cvt|320|Nm|lbft|0}}/1500||align=center|R4, DI, common rail, turbocharged, intercooled ||align=center|OHC/8||align=center|[[Fiat Ducato]] [[Citroën Jumper]] [[Peugeot Boxer]] [[Iveco Daily]] [[Renault Mascott]]||align=center|2000–2005 2000–2005 2000–2005 2000–2006 2000–2004 |}

== {{anchor|Today|F1A|F1C}} F1A/F1C == After continuous development these engines are nowadays known as F1A (2.3 L) and F1C (3.0 L), available for marine and industrial use from [[Fiat Powertrain Technologies]] (FPT) and [[CNH Industrial]] (since 2012) respectively. The 3-liter version is also built by [[Fuso (company)|Mitsubishi Fuso]] for use in their medium-duty commercials, under the name [[List of Mitsubishi Fuso engines#4P1x|4P10]].

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Diesel engines by model]] [[Category:Fiat engines]] [[Category:PSA engines]] [[Category:Renault engines]] [[Category:1970s automobile engines]]