{{Short description|Lava field in British Columbia, Canada}} {{good article}} {{Use Canadian English|date=May 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}} {{Infobox landform | name = Snowshoe Lava Field | other_name = | type = [[Lava field]] | image = Edziza042909-- 066-15.jpg | image_size = | alt = A snow-covered plateau with four small cone-shaped mounds in the foreground and a much larger flat-topped mountain in the background | caption = The southern end of the [[Big Raven Plateau]] with the Snowshoe Lava Field in the foreground | pushpin_map = Canada British Columbia | map_width = | map_caption = Location in British Columbia | pushpin_map_alt = Relief map of British Columbia pinpointing the location of the Snowshoe Lava Field | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label = | mark = | marker_size = | location = [[British Columbia]], Canada{{sfn|Souther|1988}} | coordinates = {{coord|57|39|0|N|130|40|0|W|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = {{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Synonyms & Subfeatures}} | range = | part_of = [[Mount Edziza volcanic complex|Mount Edziza complex]]{{sfn|Souther|1988}} | age = [[Holocene]]{{sfn|Souther|1988}} | formed_by = [[Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex|Volcanism]]{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=27}} | geology = [[Alkali basalt]], [[hawaiite]]{{sfn|Souther|1988}} | area = More than {{convert|40|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=228}} | elevation = {{convert|2390|m|ft|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Hungerford et al.|2014|pp=41, 56}} | designation = [[Mount Edziza Provincial Park|Mount Edziza Park]]{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }} The '''Snowshoe Lava Field''' ('''SLF''') is a largely buried [[volcanic field]] at [[Mount Edziza]] in [[British Columbia]], Canada. It reaches an [[elevation]] of {{convert|2390|m|ft|abbr=off}} and covers more than {{convert|40|km2|mi2|abbr=off}} of the [[Big Raven Plateau]] and adjacent valleys with blocky [[lava flow]]s. The SLF is the southern of two [[lava field]]s on the Big Raven Plateau, the other being the larger [[Desolation Lava Field]] at the northern end of the [[plateau]]. It is in [[Mount Edziza Provincial Park]] and is part of the [[Mount Edziza volcanic complex]]; the latter consists of several other volcanic [[landform]]s such as [[shield volcano]]es, [[stratovolcano]]es, [[lava dome]]s and [[cinder cone]]s. [[Sezill Creek]], [[Shaman Creek]], [[Taweh Creek]] and several other unnamed streams in the [[Stikine River watershed]] drain the SLF. Access to the lava field is by aircraft or by a network of [[horse trail]]s from surrounding roads.
The SLF issued from several eruptive centres during the [[Holocene]], most of which are clustered on the southern and western flanks of [[Ice Peak]] at elevations more than {{convert|1800|m|ft|abbr=on}}. [[Volcanism]] in the lava field began with the eruption of three [[subglacial volcano]]es when [[outlet glacier]]s of Mount Edziza's [[ice cap]] extended to lower elevations during the climax of a [[glacial advance]]. This was followed by the creation of four other volcanoes whose eruptions were at first [[wikt:subaqueous|subaqueous]] and then transitioned [[subaerial eruption|subaerially]]. The youngest volcanoes in the SLF are completely subaerial in origin and issued most of the blocky lava flows forming much of the current surface of the lava field. [[Alkali basalt]] and [[hawaiite]] of the [[Big Raven Formation]] are the main [[volcanic rock]]s comprising the SLF. However, most of them are obscured by [[trachyte]] [[pumice]] of the [[Sheep Track Member]].
==Geography== The Snowshoe Lava Field is located at the southern end of the [[Big Raven Plateau]] which is bounded by [[Mess Creek]] valley in the west, [[Kakiddi Creek]] valley in the east and the [[Klastline River]] valley in the north.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}} This [[intermontane plateau]] is one of the principal [[physiographic]] features of the [[Mount Edziza volcanic complex]], a group of overlapping [[shield volcano]]es, [[stratovolcano]]es, [[lava dome]]s and [[cinder cone]]s that have formed over the last 7.5{{nbsp}}million years.{{sfn|Souther|1990|p=124}} The SLF reaches an [[elevation]] of {{convert|2390|m|ft|abbr=on}} on the plateau, but remnants of the [[lava field]] decrease in elevation to {{convert|914|m|ft|abbr=on}} near Mess Creek.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Hungerford et al.|2014|pp=41, 56}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=230}} It is one of two lava fields on the Big Raven Plateau, the other being the larger [[Desolation Lava Field]] at the northern end of the plateau.{{sfn|Souther|1988}} [[Mount Edziza Provincial Park]] surrounds the SLF; it was established in 1972 to preserve the volcanic landscape.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}}{{sfn|BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park}}
===Landforms=== The SLF consists of more than {{convert|40|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} of blocky lava flows that issued from 12 eruptive centres.{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=228, 229}} Most of these eruptive centres are more than {{convert|1800|m|ft|abbr=on}} in elevation and are located on the southern and western flanks of [[Ice Peak]], the [[topographic prominence|prominent]] south peak of [[Mount Edziza]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=228}}{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Ice Peak}} [[Cocoa Crater]], [[Keda Cone]], [[Coffee Crater]], [[Tennena Cone]] and [[The Saucer]] are the only named eruptive centres in the SLF.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=229}} Tennena Cone on the upper western side of Ice Peak is the highest with an elevation of {{convert|2390|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Synonyms & Subfeatures}}{{sfn|Hungerford et al.|2014|pp=41, 56}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=26}} However, the [[Global Volcanism Program]] gives a lower elevation of {{convert|2350|m|ft|abbr=on}} for the cone.{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Synonyms & Subfeatures}}
Cocoa Crater and Coffee Crater on the western and southern flanks of Ice Peak attain elevations of {{convert|2117|and|2000|m|ft|abbr=on}}, respectively.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Synonyms & Subfeatures}} Keda Cone, {{convert|1980|m|ft|abbr=on}} in elevation, is just south of Coffee Crater on the southern side of upper [[Taweh Creek]].{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Synonyms & Subfeatures}} The Saucer is a low, circular mound of lava {{convert|1920|m|ft|abbr=on}} in elevation on the southern flank of Ice Peak bounded by concentric ridges of broken lava slabs.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Synonyms & Subfeatures}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=27}}
===Drainage=== As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, the SLF is drained entirely by streams within the [[Stikine River watershed]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=33}} Taweh Creek flows northwest along the southern edge of the lava field and is a [[tributary]] of Mess Creek.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Taweh Creek}} At the northwestern end of the SLF is [[Sezill Creek]], a northwesterly flowing tributary of Taweh Creek.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Sezill Creek}} [[Shaman Creek]] at the southeastern end of the lava field flows east and north into [[Kakiddi Lake]] which is an expansion of [[Kakiddi Creek]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Shaman Creek}}{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Kakiddi Lake}} [[Tencho Glacier]], which lies at the northeastern end of the SLF, is the source of Sezill Creek, Shaman Creek and several unnamed tributaries of Sezill Creek and Taweh Creek.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}}
==Geology== [[File:Big Raven Formation.png|thumb|right|alt=Diagram showing the locations of volcanoes and lava fields of a geological formation.|[[Geological map]] of the [[Big Raven Formation]] showing the extent of the Snowshoe Lava Field]] The SLF is the second largest [[Holocene]] volcanic feature on the Big Raven Plateau, succeeded only by the Desolation Lava Field.{{sfn|Souther|1988}} It is also the second largest of three Holocene lava fields in the Mount Edziza volcanic complex; the smaller [[Mess Lake Lava Field]] covers about {{convert|18|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=235}} The SLF lava flows and [[volcanic cone]]s consist mainly of [[alkali basalt]] and [[hawaiite]] of the [[Big Raven Formation]]; this is the youngest [[geological formation]] of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.{{sfn|Souther|1988}} Nearly all of the surficial details of the SLF are obscured by [[pyroclastic fall]] of the [[Sheep Track Member]], the only named [[geological member]] of the Big Raven Formation.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=228}} The pyroclastic fall consists of granular [[trachyte]] [[pumice]] that was deposited by a small, but violent [[Volcanic Explosivity Index|VEI]]-3 eruption from the southwestern flank of Ice Peak around 950 [[Common Era|CE]].{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=27, 28}}{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Eruptive History}}
Individual eruptive centres of the SLF have been given [[numeronym]]s ranging from SLF-1 to SLF-12; greater numbers indicate a younger age.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=229}} SLF-1, SLF-2 and SLF-3 are alkali basaltic and formed [[subglacial volcano|subglacially]] when [[outlet glacier]]s of Mount Edziza's [[ice cap]] extended to lower elevations during the climax of a [[glacial advance]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=36, 228, 230}} SLF-4, SLF-5, SLF-6, SLF-7 and SLF-8 are volcanic cones formed when eruptions were at first [[wikt:subaqueous|subaqueous]] and then transitioned [[subaerial eruption|subaerially]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=229, 231}} They consist of alkali basalt and minor hawaiite which are in the form of subaqueous and subaerial [[ejecta]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=231}} SLF-9, SLF-10, SLF-11 and SLF-12 are completely subaerial in origin and consist mainly of hawaiite.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=232}} They are in the form of [[pyroclastic cone]]s with the exception of the youngest eruptive centre, SLF-12.{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=232, 233}}
The order of eruptions that formed the SLF are based on the degree of [[erosion]] and [[vegetation cover]] of the lava flows and volcanic cones, as well as the order in which the lava flows overlap.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=229}} Most of the lava ponded onto the surrounding Big Raven Plateau in the form of broad, thick sheets, but some of it also travelled into neighbouring valleys; the largest of these valley-filling lava flows is located at the [[river source|head]] of Taweh Creek.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=230}} The transition from subglacial to subaerial volcanism in the SLF is attributed to the retreat of glaciers from lower elevations.{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=228, 230}} These glaciers are now {{convert|0.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from their [[trim line]]s, but during their maximum advance, they had an ice surface that rose {{convert|90|–|150|m|ft|abbr=on}} above their current levels.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=228}}
As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, the SLF lies within a broad area of volcanoes called the [[Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province]], which extends from northwestern British Columbia northwards through [[Yukon]] into easternmost [[Alaska]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Edwards|Russell|2000|pp=1280, 1281, 1283, 1284}} The dominant rocks comprising these volcanoes are alkali basalts and hawaiites, but [[nephelinite]], [[basanite]] and [[peralkaline rock|peralkaline]] [[phonolite]], trachyte and [[comendite]] are locally abundant. These rocks were deposited by volcanic eruptions from 20 million years ago to as recently as a few hundred years ago. Volcanism in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province is thought to be due to [[rift]]ing of the [[North American Cordillera]], driven by changes in relative [[plate tectonics|plate motion]] between the [[North American Plate|North American]] and [[Pacific Plate|Pacific]] plates.{{sfn|Edwards|Russell|2000|p=1280}}
===Subglacial centres=== [[File:Tennena Cone.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A black cone-shaped mountain rising over glacial ice in the foreground|[[Tennena Cone]] is the oldest eruptive centre in the Snowshoe Lava Field]] SLF-1 is Tennena Cone which is one of the few [[glaciovolcanic]] features at Mount Edziza that have been investigated in detail.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=230}}{{sfn|Smellie|2018|p=364}} It has been mapped into four subdivisions, all of which are exposed on the eastern, southern and western flanks of the cone.{{sfn|Hungerford et al.|2014|p=46}} The first subdivision is massive and crudely [[bed (geology)|bedded]] [[tuff breccia]] exposed in near-vertical cliffs on the flanks of Tennena Cone. Exposed in scarps on the eastern and southern flanks of Tennena Cone is [[lapilli tuff]] of the second subdivision which forms {{convert|10|to|30|cm|in|adj=mid|-thick|abbr=off}} beds. Two {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}} wide [[dike (geology)|dikes]] compose the third subdivision, both of which consist of fragmented [[plagioclase]]-[[phyric]] rock.{{sfn|Hungerford et al.|2014|pp=41, 46}} The first dike forms a {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} high remnant and is exposed on the eastern flank of Tennena Cone whereas the second dike is exposed {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}} to the south. In addition to occurring on the eastern flank, the second dike is also exposed on the western flank and along the summit ridge of Tennena Cone.{{sfn|Hungerford et al.|2014|p=43}} The fourth subdivision consists of [[pillow lava|pillow]] and fluidal lavas that overlie tuff breccia in the northern section of the cone.{{sfn|Hungerford et al.|2014|pp=41, 46, 48}}
About {{convert|1.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Tennena Cone is SLF-2, a smaller crescent-shaped [[nunatak]] protruding through the western portion of Tencho Glacier.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=229, 230}} It may be the remains of a [[parasitic cone]] closely related to Tennena Cone or it may be an extension of Tennena Cone since it consists of similar [[geology]].{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=230}} SLF-3 at the southern terminus of Tencho Glacier is a crescent-shaped ridge that has been overridden by glacial ice. Crudely bedded tuff breccia and quenched flow fragments form the entire ridge, which may be the remains of a [[tuff ring]] that formed in a meltwater lake.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=231}} In contrast to Tennena Cone which was constructed on a steep slope, SLF-3 is underlain by flat-lying [[terrain]] of the Big Raven Plateau.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=231}} This likely resulted in their differing [[geomorphology]]; the Tennena Cone eruption sent both lava and meltwater down the steep western flank of Ice Peak whereas ejecta from the SLF-3 eruption ponded inside a meltwater lake when Tencho Glacier extended onto the flat plateau surface.{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=26, 231}}
===Transitional centres=== [[File:Coffee Crater (Snowshoe Lava Field, North America).jpg|thumb|right|alt=|[[Coffee Crater]] from the south]] SLF-4 and SLF-5 are located on the western and southern margins of Tencho Glacier, respectively.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=229}} They are within the trim lines of this glacier and have been reduced to low, [[drumlin]]-like ridges from glacial ice overriding them. A short distance beyond the trim lines of Tencho Glacier are SLF-6, SLF-7 and SLF-8; SLF-7 is Coffee Crater. These eruptive centres contrast from SLF-4 and SLF-5 in that they have not been overridden by glacial ice, which has allowed them to retain their central [[volcanic crater|craters]] and their original conical forms. However, their inner structures have been partially exposed due to sufficient erosion. All five eruptive centres consist of a lower succession of brown subaqueous tuff breccia and an upper sequence of subaerial [[scoria|cinders]], [[volcanic spatter|spatter]] and [[volcanic bomb|bombs]]. These rocks have been stained red due to extreme [[oxidation]].{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=231}}
Lava flows from the transitional centres have been mostly buried under younger basalt of the subaerial centres, as well as pumice of the Sheep Track Member.{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=228, 230, 231}} However, they are exposed where streams have eroded the overlying volcanic deposits. The lava flows are also locally exposed along streams that have cut through older lava flows below.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=231}}
===Subaerial centres=== [[File:Edziza042909-- 055-8.jpg|thumb|right|alt=|[[Keda Cone]] in the foreground with flat-topped [[Mount Edziza]] in the background. Coffee Crater, SLF-11 and SLF-8 are visible north and northeast of Keda Cone.]] Most of the blocky lava flows forming much of the current surface of the SLF originated from eruptive centres SLF-9, SLF-10 and SLF-11, all of which are pyroclastic cones.{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=232, 233}} These cones consist of agglutinated lapilli, bombs and spatter which have been stained red due to extreme oxidation.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=232}} SLF-9 is Keda Cone at the southern end of the lava field whereas SLF-10 is Cocoa Crater near the centre of the lava field.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=229}} Cocoa Crater issued a {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide lava flow that cascaded into upper Sezill Creek canyon, but the most voluminous lava flows originated from Keda Cone and SLF-11.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=232, 233}} SLF-11 is the only subaerial eruptive centre in the SLF without a name.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=229}}
Lava flows from Keda Cone and SLF-11 engulfed an area more than {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} long on the Big Raven Plateau prior to entering the upper valley of Taweh Creek. At the head of Taweh Valley, the Keda Cone and SLF-11 flows converged to form a relatively narrow tongue of lava that travelled for at least another {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} to near Mess Creek. Erosion has removed nearly all of the final {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} of this lava tongue; small remnants are present along the banks of lower Taweh Creek near the junction with Mess Creek.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=233}} None of the lava flows from these three subaerial eruptive centres show any evidence of having been quenched by water at the time of their eruption, nor do any of the pyroclastic cones.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=232}}
The youngest subaerial eruptive centre, SLF-12, is The Saucer which appears to be the remains of a [[fissure vent|fissure]] instead of a pyroclastic cone.{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=27, 232}} This vent south of Tencho Glacier issued lava that travelled eastward and westward; the {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} long eastward lava flow entered the head of Shaman Creek whereas the relatively thick westward lava flow spread onto the Big Raven Plateau in the form of broad lobes.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=27, 232}} In contrast to the neighbouring Coffee Crater lava flows which are overlain by thick drifts and pockets of Sheep Track pumice, The Saucer and its lava flows are only sparsely covered with very fine pumice of the Sheep Track Member.{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=233, 234}} The sparsity of this very fine pumice on The Saucer and its lava flows suggests that they were extruded sometime after the [[explosive eruption|explosive]] Sheep Track eruption which may have occurred around 950 [[Common Era|CE]].{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Eruptive History}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=233, 234}} Because very fine pumice is susceptible of being blown by wind, it could easily be wind-blown material carried in from neighbouring pumice beds long after the Sheep Track eruption had occurred.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=234}}
==Accessibility== [[File:SLF-11.jpg|thumb|right|alt=|SLF-11 from the south]] As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, the SLF is in a remote location with no established road access.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=31}} The closest roads are the [[Stewart–Cassiar Highway]] to the east and the Telegraph Creek Road to the northwest; both come within {{Convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} of the lava field.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}}{{sfn|Mussio|2018|pp=88, 89}} Extending from these roads are [[horse trail]]s that provide access to the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=31}} From [[Telegraph Creek]], the Buckley Lake Trail extends about {{Convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast along Mess Creek and Three Mile Lake. It then traverses about {{Convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast along Dagaichess Creek and Stinking Lake to the northeastern end of [[Buckley Lake (British Columbia)|Buckley Lake]]. Here, it meets with the Klastline River Trail and the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route.{{sfn|Mussio|2018|p=88}}
To the east, the roughly {{Convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} long Klastline River Trail begins at the community of [[Iskut]] on the Stewart–Cassiar Highway; it extends northwest and west along the Klastline River for much of its length.{{sfn|Mussio|2018|pp=88, 89}} The trail enters Mount Edziza Provincial Park at about {{Convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} where Kakiddi Creek drains into the Klastline River.{{sfn|Mussio|2018|p=89}} After entering Mount Edziza Provincial Park, it traverses northwest along the Klastline River for about {{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} and then crosses the river north of the Big Raven Plateau.{{sfn|Mussio|2018|pp=88, 89}} From there, it traverses west for about {{Convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the northeastern end of Buckley Lake where it meets with the Buckley Lake Trail and Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route.{{sfn|Mussio|2018|p=88}}
[[File:SLF-8.jpg|thumb|right|alt=|SLF-8 from the south]] The Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route traverses south from Buckley Lake along Buckley Creek and gradually climbs onto the northern end of the Big Raven Plateau where [[Tsekone Ridge]] and landforms of the Desolation Lava Field such as [[Eve Cone]] and [[Sidas Cone]] are visible along the route.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}}{{sfn|Mussio|2018|p=88}}{{sfn|BC Parks: Hiking and Wilderness Camping in Mount Edziza Provincial Park}} Most of the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route is marked by a series of rock [[cairn]]s from Tsekone Ridge onwards.{{sfn|BC Parks: Hiking and Wilderness Camping in Mount Edziza Provincial Park}} At the southern end of the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route is the SLF where Tennena Cone, Coffee Crater and Keda Cone occur. The route continues east through Shaman Creek valley and then turns southeast to the northern end of Mowdade Lake.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Mussio|2018|p=88}}
The distance between Buckley Lake and Mowdade Lake is about {{Convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}}, but the hiking length between these two lakes varies depending on the route taken; it can take a minimum of 7 days to hike the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route. The weather can change extremely fast along this hiking trail.{{sfn|BC Parks: Hiking and Wilderness Camping in Mount Edziza Provincial Park}} Buckley Lake is large enough to be used by float-equipped aircraft, but landing on this lake with a private aircraft requires a letter of authorization from the [[BC Parks]] Stikine Senior Park Ranger.{{sfn|BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park}} Mowdade Lake, about {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of the Snowshow Lava Field, is also of significant size and does not require a letter of authorization from the BC Parks Stikine Senior Park Ranger to land on it with a private aircraft.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park}} As of 2023, Alpine Lakes Air and BC Yukon Air are the only air charter companies permitted to provide access to this area via aircraft.{{sfn|BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park}}
==See also== *[[Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex]] *[[List of volcanic fields]]
==References== {{reflist}}
===Sources=== {{refbegin|30em}} *{{cite map|url=https://volcano.si.edu/maps/GVAlaskaCanada/G910509-006.jpg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502071600/https://volcano.si.edu/maps/GVAlaskaCanada/G910509-006.jpg|title=Telegraph Creek, Cassiar Land District, British Columbia|scale=1:250,000|series=104 G|map=A 502|edition=3|type=Topographic map|publisher=[[Department of Energy, Mines and Resources]]|year=1989|language=en,fr|archive-date=May 2, 2021|ref={{harvid|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}}}} *{{cite journal|title=Distribution, Nature, and Origin of Neogene–Quaternary Magmatism in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, Canada|last1=Edwards|first1=Benjamin R.|last2=Russell|first2=James K.|journal=[[Geological Society of America Bulletin]]|publisher=[[Geological Society of America]]|pages=1280–1295|volume=112|issue=8|year=2000|issn=0016-7606|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1280:dnaoon>2.0.co;2|bibcode=2000GSAB..112.1280E}} *{{cite gvp|vn=320060|title=Edziza|archive-date=January 14, 2025|ref={{harvid|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza}}}} *{{cite journal|last1=Hungerford|first1=Jefferson D. G.|last2=Edwards|first2=Benjamin R.|last3=Skilling|first3=Ian P.|last4=Cameron|first4=Barry I.|title=Evolution of a Subglacial Basaltic Lava Flow Field: Tennena Volcanic Center, Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia, Canada|journal=[[Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research]]|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|pages=39–58|volume=272|year=2014|doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.09.012|bibcode=2014JVGR..272...39H |issn=0377-0273|ref={{harvid|Hungerford et al.|2014}}}} *{{cite bcgnis|id=859|name=Ice Peak|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609172047/https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/859.html|archive-date=June 9, 2024|ref={{harvid|BC Geographical Names: Ice Peak}}}} *{{cite bcgnis|id=2976|name=Kakiddi Lake|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229222716/https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/2976.html|archive-date=December 29, 2024|ref={{harvid|BC Geographical Names: Kakiddi Lake}}}} *{{cite web|url=https://bcparks.ca/explore/parkpgs/mt_edziza/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123120553/https://bcparks.ca/explore/parkpgs/mt_edziza/|archive-date=January 23, 2023|title=Mount Edziza Provincial Park|publisher=[[BC Parks]]|ref={{harvid|BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park}}}} *{{cite web|url=https://bcparks.ca/explore/parkpgs/mt_edziza/hikecamp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626073359/https://bcparks.ca/explore/parkpgs/mt_edziza/hikecamp.html#hiking|archive-date=June 26, 2022|title=Mount Edziza Provincial Park: Hiking and Wilderness Camping|publisher=[[BC Parks]]|ref={{harvid|BC Parks: Hiking and Wilderness Camping in Mount Edziza Provincial Park}}}} *{{cite book|editor-last1=Mussio|editor-first1=Russell|title=Northern BC Backroad Mapbook|publisher=Mussio Ventures|year=2018|isbn= 978-1-926806-87-7}} *{{cite bcgnis|id=15312|name=Sezill Creek|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609034848/https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/15312.html|archive-date=June 9, 2024|ref={{harvid|BC Geographical Names: Sezill Creek}}}} *{{cite bcgnis|id=15347|name=Shaman Creek|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609222110/https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/15347.html|archive-date=June 9, 2024|ref={{harvid|BC Geographical Names: Shaman Creek}}}} *{{cite book|editor-last1=Menzies|editor-first1=John|editor-last2=van der Meer|editor-first2=Jaap J. M.|last1=Smellie|first1=J. L.|title=Past Glacial Environments|chapter=Glaciovolcanism: A 21st Century Proxy for Palaeo-Ice|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|edition=2|year=2018|pages=335–375|isbn=978-0-08-100524-8}} *{{cite map|last1=Souther|first1=J. G.|author-link1=Jack Souther|title=Geology, Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia|map=1623A|scale=1:50,000|type=[[Geological map]]|cartography=M. Sigouin, [[Geological Survey of Canada]]|publisher=[[Energy, Mines and Resources Canada]]|year=1988|language=en|doi=10.4095/133498|doi-access=free}} *{{cite report|last1=Souther|first1=J. G.|author-link1=Jack Souther|title=The Late Cenozoic Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia|work=[[Geological Survey of Canada]]|publisher=Canada Communication Group|series=Memoir 420|year=1992|isbn=0-660-14407-7|doi=10.4095/133497|doi-access=free}} *{{cite book|editor-last1=Wood|editor-first1=Charles A.|editor-last2=Kienle|editor-first2=Jürgen|last1=Souther|first1=J. G.|author-link1=Jack Souther|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eyDRib-FJh4C|title=Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada|year=1990|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=0-521-43811-X}} *{{cite bcgnis|id=18502|name=Taweh Creek|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001050520/https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/18502.html|archive-date=October 1, 2021|ref={{harvid|BC Geographical Names: Taweh Creek}}}} {{refend}}
==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Snowshoe Lava Field}}
{{Mount Edziza volcanic complex}}
[[Category:Snowshoe Lava Field| ]] [[Category:Holocene volcanism]]