{{Short description|Zurich Airport gate transfer underground people mover}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} {{Infobox Public transit |name = Skymetro |image = File:Zurich International Airport - 2018-11-01 - IMG 1789.jpg |imagesize = 300px |caption = The Skymetro in [[Zurich Airport]] |locale = [[Zurich Airport]], [[Switzerland]] |transit_type = [[People mover]] |began_operation = {{start date and age|df=yes|2003|9|1}} (official opening) |ended_operation = |system_length = {{convert|1.1|km|abbr=on}} |lines = 1 double track line |stations = 2 |ridership = |track_gauge = |operator = [[Zurich Airport]] }}
'''The Zurich Airport Skymetro ''' is an underground airport [[people mover]] at [[Zurich Airport]] in [[Switzerland]]. The {{convert|1.1|km|abbr=on|adj=on}} long system connects the airport's main ''Airside Center'', ''Gates A, B and D'' with its mid-field ''Gates E'', passing underneath Runway 10/28. The line opened on 1 September 2003, and was constructed by the [[Otis Elevator Company]].<ref name="my-ch">{{cite web|url=http://www.myswitzerland.com/en/home/summervacations/hiking1/switzerland-alpinism/cable-railways/zuerich-airport-skymetro-to-terminal-e.html|title=Zürich Airport – Skymetro to Terminal E|accessdate=2009-03-21|publisher=Switzerland Tourism}}</ref><ref name=sir/>
As of 2010, Skymetro was carrying 6.73 million passengers per year, and is claimed to be the most used cable way in Switzerland.<ref name="my-ch"/> With a cost of 176 million [[Swiss francs]] it is also the most expensive cable car system and one of the most complex with high safety standards.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
The tunnels of the Skymetro were equipped with [[Zoetrope]]-like films displayed on the sides which ran from 2006 to 2019, with each film consisting of a series of still frames in rapid succession, accompanied by matching sound effects played over the vehicles' public address system. Various films have been shown, including ones based around the fictional character [[Heidi]] and the [[Matterhorn]] mountain.<ref name="my-ch"/> However, these films are no longer displayed since 2013. Instead, two new films have been made for the system. The first of the two new films has shown a mid-aged woman (holding a crossbow), and her younger son (holding an apple) appeared from late 2013 to 2019, while the other replacement film shows a man waving the [[flag of Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://vimeo.com/79898343|title=Skymetro - Swiss Tourism & Zürich Airport | publisher= vimeo| accessdate = 2015-08-26}}</ref> However, for the first time since 2005, as of July 2019, the Zoetrope-like films have been removed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.limmattalerzeitung.ch/limmattal/in-die-jahre-gekommen-heidi-verlaesst-den-flughafen-134445137|title=Kloten - "In die Jahre gekommen": Heidi verlässt den Flughafen}}</ref>
On 30 January 2020 they implemented a new voice and film which is shown on 432 vertical pixel rows outside the skymetro. The technology was made by Adtrackmedia. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IG7UAJMjZxk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/IG7UAJMjZxk |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|title=Zürich Airport new Skymetro with heidi voice and 432 pixel rows|website=YouTube|author=JoshBC2304|date=2020-02-01}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
== History == Construction of the Skymetro tunnels started in 2000 and was completed in 2001. The first test run was undertaken in November 2002, and the line became operational in September 2003. As built, the line used three trains, each made up of two cars.<ref name=sir/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.implenia.com/en/references/reference-browser/skymetro-passenger-tunnel-zurich-airport/reference-go|title=Skymetro passenger tunnel, Zurich Airport|publisher=Implenia AG|access-date=2015-05-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522030807/http://www.implenia.com/en/references/reference-browser/skymetro-passenger-tunnel-zurich-airport/reference-go|archive-date=2015-05-22}}</ref>
In 2009, the Skymetro was remodeled as part of a construction project known as ''Zurich 2010'', which mainly involved the centralization of [[security control]]. With the trains expanded from two to three cars, passengers are segregated according to whether they have been screened to EU aviation security standards (whether in Zurich Airport or at their departure airport), and transported in separate cars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irse.org/nearyou/publicdocuments/Veranstaltung%202016%2011%20Skymetro%20Zurich.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225031044/https://www.irse.org/nearyou/publicdocuments/Veranstaltung%202016%2011%20Skymetro%20Zurich.pdf|title=Veranstaltung 2016 11 Skymetro Zurich|website=Institution of Railway Signal Engineers|archive-date=2018-12-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> Glass dividers enforce this segregation at the station platforms. For the expansion Swiss cable car companies were used: the three new chassis derived from Bartholet in [[Flums]], the cabins from [[Gangloff AG|Gangloff]] in [[Bern]], and [[Altdorf UR|Altdorfer]] SISAG company supplied the electrical controls.<ref name=sir/>
When the Skymetro opened, the audio featured a recorded female voice, however, the original voice was retired in 2008 when the current male voice debuted.
== Technology == Vehicles on the parallel {{convert|1138|m|ft|abbr=on}} long guideways are drawn by steel cables and float on an approximately {{convert|0.2|mm|in|abbr=on}} thick [[hovertrain|air cushion]] generated by on board air compressors, running over a smooth [[concrete]] guide way as in other [[Otis Hovair]] installations. Service is provided by a total of nine cars, which operate in three trains of three cars each, with each train carrying up to 157 passengers.<ref name=sir/><ref name=at>{{cite news|title=Zurich International Airport (ZRH/LSZH), Switzerland|newspaper=Airport Technology |url=http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/zurich/|accessdate=2014-08-20}}</ref>
Trains can run in a pinched loop configuration, with trains reversing direction at each end onto the opposite track. Alternately a shuttle service can be operated, with a single train shuttling backwards and forwards on one track, or a double-shuttle service with one train on each track. In order to allow this flexibility, the traction cables are arranged into five loops: one in each of the main tunnels driven by 465 kW motors, one in each of the reversing lines driven by 266 kW motors, and one in the maintenance siding driven by a 55 kW motor. The trains can engage with, and switch between cables using hydraulic horizontally movable clamps.<ref name=sir/><ref name=at/>
The maximum speed of a Skymetro train is {{convert|47.9|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, and the journey time between ''Airside Centre'' and ''Terminal E'' is 3 minutes.<ref name=sir/>
Locations: *Airside Center: {{coord|47.452431|8.560281|type:railwaystation_region:CH-ZH|name=Airside Center, Skymetro}} *Dock E: {{coord|47.4611|8.5550|type:railwaystation_region:CH-ZH|name=Dock E, Skymetro}}
== References == {{Portal|Switzerland|Aviation}} <references responsive> <ref name=sir>{{cite web | url = https://www.seilbahninventar.ch/objekt.php?objid=43244&lang=de | title = X017 Airside Center - Dock E (Skymetro), Zurich-Airport | language = it,de,fr | work = [[Schweizer Seilbahninventar]] = Inventaire suisse des installations à câbles = Inventario svizzero degli impianti a fune | publisher = [[Federal Office of Culture]] | year=2011 | accessdate = 2013-06-20}}</ref> </references>
== External links == * {{Commons category-inline|Skymetro}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nz721lszO9c YouTube Video of the Train #1 (Old Audio)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTmFRauAzAE YouTube Video of the Train #2 (New Audio W/Heidi 2004–2013)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BS8XLctdLGI YouTube Video of the Train #3 (Audio W/new Heidi 2013–2019)]
<BR/> {{coord|47.456101|8.560201|type:landmark_region:CH-ZH|display=title}}
[[Category:Airport people mover systems]] [[Category:Hovair people movers]] [[Category:Cable car railways in Switzerland]] [[Category:People mover systems in Switzerland]] [[Category:Railway lines opened in 2003]]