Sipunculus

{{Short description|Genus of worms}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Sipunculus nudus Japan.JPG | image_caption = ''Sipunculus nudus'' | taxon = Sipunculus | authority = Linnaeus, 1766 | synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Species list | Austrosiphon | Fisher, 1954 | Contraporus | Cutler & Cutler, 1985 | Liphunculus | Chiaje, 1824 | Oedematosomum | Baird, 1868 | Phallosoma | Levinsen, 1883 | Siphoncolus | Scopoli, 1777 | Siphonculus | Vérany, 1846 | Siphunculus | Scopoli, 1777 | Sipinculus | | Siponculus | Cuvier, 1817 | Siponculus | Linnaeus, 1766 | Sipunculis | Linnaeus, 1766 | Sipunculis | Quatrefages, 1850 | Syphunculus | Scopoli, 1777 | Syrinx | Bohadsch, 1761 | Xenopsis | Johnson, 1969 }} }} | synonyms_ref = <ref name="GBIF" />

}}

'''''Sipunculus''''' is a genus of worms belonging to the family Sipunculidae.<ref name="GBIF">{{Cite GBIF|id=2509344|taxon=''Sipunculus''|access-date=2023-12-16}}</ref>

==Taxonomy== [[File:Siphunculus scaber (Moll).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fossilized ''Siphunculus scaber'' in Morton (1712)]]

{{lang|la|Sipunculus}} is a variant spelling of the Latin {{lang|la|{{linktext|siphunculus}}}} ("little tube"),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sipuncula |title=Sipuncula |work=Oxford Living Dictionaries |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=10 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011749/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sipuncula |archive-date=12 February 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a diminutive of {{lang|la|sipho}} from Greek {{lang|grc|{{linktext|σίφων}}}} (''síphōn'', "tube, pipe").

{{lang|la|Siphunculus}} was used for fossilized worm-shaped organisms like {{lang|la|Siphunculus scaber}} by the Welsh naturalist Edward Lhuyd in 1699.<ref>{{citation |first=Edward |last=Lhuyd |author-link=Edward Lhuyd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oh6OmKw_oJsC |language=Latin |title=Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia sive Lapidum Aliorum Fossilium Britannicorum Singulari Figura Insignium, quotquot Hactenus vel Ipse Invenit vel ab Amicis Accepit Distributio Classica... |date=1699 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |at=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Oh6OmKw_oJsC&pg=PA59 §§ 1201 ff.] }}</ref> In the next century, the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus used the scientific name {{lang|la|Sipunculus nudus}} for a species of worms in his 1766 {{lang|la|Systema Naturae}}.<ref>{{cite WoRMS |author=Saiz-Salinas, José |year=2009 |title=''Sipunculus (Sipunculus) nudus'' Linnaeus, 1766 |id=136084 |access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref> In 1814, the French zoologist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque used the feminine form {{lang|la|Sipuncula}} to distinguish the family including {{lang|la|S. nudus}};<ref name="Rafinesque">{{cite book|author=Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel |title=Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques de m.r C. S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz entre 1800 et 1814 ou Choix raisonné de ses principales découvertes en zoologie et en botanique|url=https://archive.org/details/prcisdesdcouvert00rafi |year=1814 |publisher=Royale typographie militaire, aux dépens de l'auteur|page=[https://archive.org/details/prcisdesdcouvert00rafi/page/32 32]}}</ref> this was later elevated to the {{lang|la|Sipuncula}} class, the family being renamed {{lang|la|Sipunculidae}} and the species reorganized into different genera.<ref>{{cite WoRMS |year=2018 |title=Sipuncula |id=1268 |access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>

==Distribution== The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.<ref name="GBIF" />

==Species== Species included in Sipunculus are:<ref name="GBIF" />

*''Sipunculus angasoides'' {{small|Chen, 1963}} *''Sipunculus clavatus'' {{small|de Blainville, 1827}} *''Sipunculus corallicolus'' {{small|Pourtalès, 1851}} *''Sipunculus echinorhynchus'' {{small|Chiaje, 1823}} *''Sipunculus gulfus'' {{small|Hylleberg, 2014}} *''Sipunculus indicus'' {{small|Peters, 1850}} *''Sipunculus lomonossovi'' {{small|Murina, 1968}} *''Sipunculus longipapillosus'' {{small|Murina, 1968}} *''Sipunculus macrorhynchus'' {{small|de Blainville, 1827}} *''Sipunculus marcusi'' {{small|Ditadi, 1976}} *''Sipunculus microrhynchus'' {{small|de Blainville, 1827}} *''Sipunculus mundanus'' {{small|Selenka & Bülow, 1883}} *''Sipunculus norvegicus'' {{small|Danielssen, 1869}} *''Sipunculus nudus'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}} *''Sipunculus phalloides'' {{small|(Pallas, 1774)}} *''Sipunculus polymyotus'' {{small|Fisher, 1947}} *''Sipunculus robustus'' {{small|Keferstein, 1865}} *''Sipunculus rubens'' {{small|Costa, 1860}} *''Sipunculus rufofimbriatus'' {{small|Blanchard, 1849}} *''Sipunculus saccatus'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1767}} *''Sipunculus thailandicus'' {{small|Hylleberg, 2014}} *''Sipunculus zenkevitchi'' {{small|Murina, 1969}}

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

Category:Sipuncula