{{Short description|Chinese casino game of chance}} [[Image:Sic bo Table.png|thumb|upright=1.3|The layout of a ''sic bo'' table]] '''Sic bo''' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 骰寶), also known as '''tai sai''' (大細), '''dai siu''' (大小), '''big and small''' or '''hi-lo''', is an unequal [[gambling|game of chance]] of ancient [[China|Chinese]] origin played with three [[dice]]. '''Grand hazard''' and '''[[chuck-a-luck]]''' are variants, both of [[England|English]] origin. The literal meaning of ''sic bo'' is "precious dice", while ''dai siu'' and ''dai sai'' mean "big [or] small".
Sic Bo is a [[casino game]], popular in Asia and widely played (as dai siu) in casinos in [[Macau]]. It is played in the [[Philippines]] as hi-lo. It was introduced to the [[United States]] by Chinese immigrants in the early 20th century, and can now be found in most American [[casino]]s in the western half of the country. Since 2002, it has been played legally in licensed casinos in the [[United Kingdom]].
Gameplay involves betting that a certain condition (e.g. that all three dice will roll the same) will be satisfied by a roll of the dice.
==Gameplay== [[File:Sic Bo diagram (expanded).svg|thumb|upright=1.5|All potential wagers]] Players place their bets on areas of a table that have been divided into named scoring boxes. The dealer then picks up a small chest containing the dice, which they close and shake, before opening the chest to reveal the combination.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mendelson |first1=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqSeBAAAQBAJ |title=The mammoth book of casino games |date=2010 |publisher=Robinson |isbn=978-1-84901-496-0 |location=London |chapter=12}}</ref> There are 216 (6<sup>3</sup>) equally likely possible combinations, though only 56 of them are distinguishable.
===Comparison to craps=== Sic bo is one of two casino games involving dice, the other being [[craps]]. Sic bo is strictly a game of immediate chance because every roll on the dice results a win or loss on any bet. In craps, some bets require a certain pattern of successive rolls before they can become winning or losing bets.
==Betting options== The betting areas on the table show that players have the option to wager on one, two, or three dice.
A one-die wager pays out when the number which is bet shows up on one, two, or all three dice; the specific payout depends on how many dice show the number.
A two-dice wager pays out when the two numbers which are bet shows up on two of the three dice. The combination of numbers may be different numbers or the same number (a double or pair), which has a higher payout.
A three-dice wager pays out when the three numbers which are bet shows up on all three dice. The combination of numbers may be all three different, a pair and another number, or all three the same (a triple). An alternative wager is for the three dice to show three of four specific numbers.
In addition, the three-dice wagers include those which pay out on the sum total of all three dice. The three-dice sum wagers either are on a range ("small" being a sum of 4 through 10, inclusive; "big" being a sum of 11 through 17, inclusive), a specific sum, or whether the sum is odd or even. All of the three-dice sum wagers lose when the three dice roll a triple. The most common wagers are "Big" and "Small".
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" width="98%" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- !rowspan="2" width="10%"|Name !rowspan=2 width="5%"|Dice !rowspan="2" width="16.5%"|Wagering event !rowspan="2" width="7.5%"|Probability !colspan="2" width="8%"|United Kingdom !colspan="2" width="8%"|New Zealand !colspan="2" width="8%"|Austria !colspan="2" width="8%"|Macau & Hong Kong !width="8%"|No house edge |- ! align="center" width="4%" |Odds ! align="center" width="4%" |House Edge ! align="center" width="4%" |Odds ! align="center" width="4%" |House Edge ! align="center" width="4%" |Odds ! align="center" width="4%" |House Edge ! align="center" width="4%" |Odds ! align="center" width="4%" |House Edge ! align="center" width="8%" |Odds |- !Big (大) | rowspan=4 | 3 (sum) | style="text-align:left;" | The total score will be from 11 to 17 (inclusive) with the exception of a triple |{{#expr:100*(216-6)/2/216 round 2}}%<!--216 possible outcomes, of which 6 are triples. 105 = half of the remaining 210 outcomes will be 11 or larger.--> |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}%<!--Probability of player loss - Multiplier * Probability of player win--> |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |37 to 35<!--111 to 105--> |- !Small (小) | style="text-align:left;" | The total score will be from 4 to 10 (inclusive) with the exception of a triple |{{#expr:100*(216-6)/2/216 round 2}}%<!--216 possible outcomes, of which 6 are triples. Half of the remaining 210 outcomes will be 10 or smaller.--> |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}%<!--Probability of player loss - Multiplier * Probability of player win--> |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |37 to 35<!--111 to 105--> |- !Odd | style="text-align:left;" | The total score will be an odd number with the exception of a triple |{{#expr:100*(216-6)/2/216 round 2}}%<!--216 possible outcomes, of which 6 are triples. Half of the remaining 210 outcomes will be odd.--> |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}%<!--Probability of player loss - Multiplier * Probability of player win--> |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |37 to 35<!--111 to 105--> |- !Even | style="text-align:left;" | The total score will be an even number with the exception of a triple |{{#expr:100*(216-6)/2/216 round 2}}%<!--216 possible outcomes, of which 6 are triples. Half of the remaining 210 outcomes will be even.--> |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}%<!--Probability of player loss - Multiplier * Probability of player win--> |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |1 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(111/216 - 1*105/216) round 2}}% |37 to 35<!--111 to 105--> |- !Specific 'Triples' or 'Alls'{{efn|All one: 圍一, All two: 圍二, All three: 圍三, All four: 圍四, All five: 圍五, or All six: 圍六}} | 3 | style="text-align:left;" | A specific number will appear on all three dice |{{#expr:100*1/216 round 2}}%<!--216 possible outcomes, of which only one is a specific triple.--> |180 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(215/216 - 180*1/216) round 2}}%<!--Probability of player loss - Multiplier * Probability of player win--> |180 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(215/216 - 180*1/216) round 2}}% |190 to 1 |11.6% |150 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(215/216 - 150*1/216) round 2}}% |215 to 1 |- !Specific Doubles | 2 | style="text-align:left;" | A specific number will appear on at least two of the three dice |{{#expr:100*16/216 round 2}}%<!--There are 15 ways to make a specific pair, 16 when including the triple--> |10 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(200/216 - 10*16/216) round 2}}% |11 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(200/216 - 11*16/216) round 2}}% |11 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(200/216 - 11*16/216) round 2}}% |8 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(200/216 - 8*16/216) round 2}}% |25 to 2<!--200 to 16--> |- !Any Triple or All 'Alls' (全圍) | 3 | style="text-align:left;" | Any of the triples will appear |{{#expr:100*6/216 round 2}}%<!--216 possible outcomes, of which 6 are triples.--> |30 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(210/216 - 30*6/216) round 2}}% |31 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(210/216 - 31*6/216) round 2}}% |33 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(210/216 - 33*6/216) round 2}}% |24 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(210/216 - 24*6/216) round 2}}% |35 to 1<!--210 to 6--> |- !rowspan="7" | Three Dice Total{{efn|A specific total score in the range of 4 to 17, inclusive}} | rowspan=7 | 3 (sum) | style="text-align:left;" | 4 or 17 |{{#expr:100*3/216 round 2}}%<!--3 ways for Σ=4: 1-1-2, 1-2-1, 2-1-1; or 5-6-6, 6-5-6, 6-6-5--> |60 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(213/216 - 60*3/216) round 2}}% |62 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(213/216 - 62*3/216) round 2}}% |65 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(213/216 - 65*3/216) round 2}}% |50 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(213/216 - 51*3/216) round 2}}% |71 to 1<!--213 to 3--> |- | style="text-align:left;" | 5 or 16 |{{#expr:100*6/216 round 2}}%<!--6 ways for Σ=5: 1-1-3, 1-3-1, 3-1-1, 1-2-2, 2-1-2, 2-2-1--> |30 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(210/216 - 30*6/216) round 2}}% |31 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(210/216 - 31*6/216) round 2}}% |33 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(210/216 - 33*6/216) round 2}}% |18 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(210/216 - 18*6/216) round 2}}% |35 to 1<!--210 to 6--> |- | style="text-align:left;" | 6 or 15 |{{#expr:100*9/216 round 2}}%<!--10 ways for Σ=6: 1-1-4, 1-4-1, 4-1-1, 1-2-3, 1-3-2, 2-1-3, 2-3-1, 3-2-1, 3-1-2, 2-2-2--> |18 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(206/216 - 18*10/216) round 2}}% |18 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(206/216 - 18*10/216) round 2}}% |19 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(206/216 - 19*10/216) round 2}}% |14 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(206/216 - 14*10/216) round 2}}% |103 to 5<!--206 to 10--> |- | style="text-align:left;" | 7 or 14 |{{#expr:100*15/216 round 2}}%<!--15 ways for Σ=7 or 14--> |12 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(201/216 - 12*15/216) round 2}}% |12 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(201/216 - 12*15/216) round 2}}% |12 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(201/216 - 12*15/216) round 2}}% |12 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(201/216 - 12*15/216) round 2}}% |67 to 5<!--201 to 15--> |- | style="text-align:left;" | 8 or 13 |{{#expr:100*21/216 round 2}}%<!--21 ways for Σ=8 or 13--> |8 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(195/216 - 8*21/216) round 2}}% |8 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(195/216 - 8*21/216) round 2}}% |8 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(195/216 - 8*21/216) round 2}}% |8 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(195/216 - 8*21/216) round 2}}% |65 to 7<!--195 to 21--> |- | style="text-align:left;" | 9 or 12 |{{#expr:100*25/216 round 2}}%<!--25 ways for Σ=9 or 12--> |7 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(191/216 - 7*25/216) round 2}}% |7 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(191/216 - 7*25/216) round 2}}% |7 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(191/216 - 7*25/216) round 2}}% |6 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(191/216 - 6*25/216) round 2}}% |191 to 25 |- | style="text-align:left;" | 10 or 11 |{{#expr:100*27/216 round 2}}%<!--27 ways for Σ=10 or 11--> |6 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(189/216 - 6*27/216) round 2}}% |6 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(189/216 - 6*27/216) round 2}}% |6 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(189/216 - 6*27/216) round 2}}% |6 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(189/216 - 6*27/216) round 2}}% |7 to 1 |- !Dice Combinations | 2 | style="text-align:left;" | Two of the dice will show a specific combination of two different numbers (for example, a 3 and a 4) |{{#expr:100*30/216 round 2}}%<!--30 ways for a specific heterogeneous two-number combination--> |6 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(186/216 - 6*30/216) round 2}}% |6 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(186/216 - 6*30/216) round 2}}% |6 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(186/216 - 6*30/216) round 2}}% |5 to 1<br>6 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(186/216 - 5*30/216) round 2}}% <br> {{#expr:100*(186/216 - 6*30/216) round 2}}% |31 to 5 |- !Single Die Bet | 1 | style="text-align:left;" | The specific number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 will appear on one, two, or all three dice |1: {{#expr:100*75/216 round 2}}%<br/>2: {{#expr:100*15/216 round 2}}%<br/>3: {{#expr:100*1/216 round 2}}% |1: 1 to 1<br/>2: 2 to 1<br/>3: 3 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(125/216 - 1*75/216 - 2*15/216 - 3*1/216) round 2}}% |1: 1 to 1<br/>2: 2 to 1<br/>3: 12 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(125/216 - 1*75/216 - 2*15/216 - 12*1/216) round 2}}% |1: 1 to 1<br/>2: 2 to 1<br/>3: 12 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(125/216 - 1*75/216 - 2*15/216 - 12*1/216) round 2}}% |1: 1 to 1<br/>2: 2 to 1<br/>3: 3 to 1 |{{#expr:100*(125/216 - 1*75/216 - 2*15/216 - 3*1/216) round 2}}% |1: 1 to 1<br/>2: 3 to 1<br/>3: 5 to 1 (simplest version) |- !Four Number Combination | 3 | style="text-align:left;" | Any three of the four numbers in one of the following specific combinations will appear: 6, 5, 4, 3; 6, 5, 3, 2; 5, 4, 3, 2; or 4, 3, 2, 1 |{{#expr:100*24/216 round 2}}% |7 to 1 | {{#expr:100*(192/216 - 7*24/216) round 2}}% |7 to 1 | {{#expr:100*(192/216 - 7*24/216) round 2}}% | | |7 to 1 | {{#expr:100*(192/216 - 7*24/216) round 2}}% |8 to 1<!--192 to 24--> |- !Three Single Number Combination | 3 | style="text-align:left;" | The dice will show a specific combination of three different numbers |{{#expr:100*6/216 round 2}}% |30 to 1 | {{#expr:100*(210/216 - 30*6/216) round 2}}% |30 to 1 | {{#expr:100*(210/216 - 30*6/216) round 2}}% |33 to 1 |5.6% |30 to 1 | {{#expr:100*(210/216 - 30*3/216) round 2}}% |35 to 1<!--210 to 6--> |- !Specific Double and Single Number Combination | 3 | style="text-align:left;" | Two of the dice will show a specific double and the third die will show a specific, different number |{{#expr:100*3/216 round 2}}% |50 to 1 | {{#expr:100*(213/216 - 50*3/216) round 2}}% |60 to 1 | {{#expr:100*(213/216 - 60*3/216) round 2}}% | | |50 to 1 | {{#expr:100*(213/216 - 50*3/216) round 2}}% |71 to 1<!--213 to 3--> |}
;Notes {{notelist}}
==Variants== [[File:Grand Hazard.svg|thumb|right|Grand Hazard game/betting board]] '''Grand Hazard''' is a [[gambling]] game of [[England|English]] origin, also played with three [[dice]]. It is distinct from the older game [[Hazard (game)|Hazard]], another gambling game of English origin, played with two dice.<ref name=Scarne74>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/scarneondice0000scar/ |title=Scarne on Dice |first=John |last=Scarne |author-link=John Scarne |date=1974 |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |isbn=978-0-8117-1516-4 |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|341}} The dice are either thrown with a cup or rolled down a chute containing a series of inclined planes ("hazard chute") that tumble the dice as they fall.<ref name=World128 /> Compared to Sic bo, Grand Hazard offers only three-dice and single-die wagers. The bettors can choose to wager on triples, which are known as "raffles", three-dice sums, which include large/small, even/odd, and specific sum bets, or on single die values. Successfully wagering on a raffle of one specific number pays out at 180 to 1.<ref name=World128/> The single die bets are also known as Chuck Number bets, which operate and pay out identically to chuck-a-luck.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|342}}
'''[[Chuck-a-luck]]''', also known as "sweat cloth", "chuckerluck" and "bird cage",<ref name=World128>{{cite book |title=The Official World Encyclopaedia of Sports and Games |date=1979 |publisher=Diagram Group |page=128 |url=https://archive.org/details/officialworldenc0000diag |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Games, Hobbies & Recreational Activities. chuck-a-luck |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/chuck-a-luck |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> is a variant in the [[United States]] which has its origins in Grand Hazard. The three dice are kept in a device that resembles a wire-frame bird cage and that pivots about its centre. The dealer rotates the cage end over end, with the dice landing on the bottom. Bettors make single-number wagers, paying out 1:1 if one die matches the number picked, 2:1 if two dice match, and 3:1 if all three dice match (all three dice showing the same number);<ref name=World128/> sometimes, the appearance of any "triple" is considered an additional wager, paying out at 30 to 1 (or thereabouts). Chuck-a-luck was once common in [[Nevada]] casinos but is now rare, frequently having been replaced by Sic Bo tables.
==See also== * [[Cee-lo]], a gambling game played with three six-sided dice
==Notes== {{reflist}}
==References== '''Regulation in the United Kingdom''' * [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1994/Uksi_19942899_en_1.htm Statutory Instrument 1994 No. 2899 The Gaming Clubs (Bankers' Games) Regulations 1994] * [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2000/20000597.htm Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 597 The Gaming Clubs (Bankers' Games) (Amendment) Regulations 2000] * [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2002/20021130.htm Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 1130 The Gaming Clubs (Bankers' Games) (Amendment) Regulations 2002] '''Regulation in New Zealand''' * [http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/Files/CasDiv9TaiSai704/$file/CasDiv9TaiSai704.pdf Division 9 - Tai-Sai of the Rules of Games]
{{Dice games}}
[[Category:Chinese games]] [[Category:Dice games]] [[Category:Gambling games]]