| Event | Shot put |
|---|---|
| Wrmen | Ryan Crouser (2023) |
| Ormen | Ryan Crouser (2021) |
| Crmen | Ryan Crouser (2023) |
| Icrmen | Ryan Crouser (2024) |
| Wrwomen | Natalya Lisovskaya (1987) |
| Orwomen | Ilona Slupianek (1980) |
| Crwomen | Natalya Lisovskaya (1987) Valerie Adams (2011) |
| Icrwomen | Valerie Adams (2014) |
The shot put is a track and field event involving "putting" (or throwing)[1] a heavy spherical ball—the shot—as far as possible. For men, the sport has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival in 1896, and women's competition began in 1948. The shot put is part of the most common combined events, the decathlon, the women's and men's heptathlon and the women's pentathlon.
History
The ancient Greek poet Homer mentions competitions of rock throwing by soldiers during the siege of Troy but there is no record of any weights being thrown in Greek competitions. The first evidence for stone- or weight-throwing events were in the Scottish Highlands, and date back to approximately the first century.[2] In the 16th century King Henry VIII was noted for his prowess in court competitions of weight and hammer throwing.[3]
The first events resembling the modern shot put likely occurred in the Middle Ages when soldiers held competitions in which they hurled cannonballs. Shot put competitions were first recorded in early 19th century Scotland, and were a part of the British Amateur Championships beginning in 1866.[4]
Competitors take their throw from inside a marked circle 2.135 metres (7 ft) in diameter, with a "toe board" or "stop board" 10 centimetres (4 in) high at the front of the circle. The distance thrown is measured from the inside of the circumference of the circle to the nearest mark made on the ground by the falling shot, with distances rounded down to the nearest centimetre under IAAF and WMA rules.
Legal throws
The following rules (indoor and outdoor) must be adhered to for a legal throw:
- Upon calling the athlete's name, the athlete may choose any part of the throwing circle to enter inside. They have one minute to commence the throwing motion; otherwise it counts as a forfeit for the current round.
- The athlete may not wear gloves; IAAF rules permit the taping of individual fingers.
- The athlete must rest the shot close to the neck, and keep it tight to the neck throughout the motion.
- The shot must be released above the height of the shoulder, using only one hand.
- The athlete may touch the inside surface of the circle or toe board, but must not touch the top or outside of the circle or toe board, or the ground beyond the circle. Limbs may, however, extend over the lines of the circle in the air.
- The shot must land in the throwing sector, which is a circular sector of 34.92° centered on the throwing circle. The throwing sector has been narrowed multiple times over the years to improve safety, most recently in 2004 from 40°. The current throwing sector angle (34.92°) was chosen because it provides a sector whose bounds are easy to measure and lay out on a field (10 metres out from the center of the ring, 6 metres across).[5]
- The athlete must leave the throwing circle from the back half.
Foul throws occur when an athlete:
- Does not pause within the circle before beginning the putting motion.
- Does not complete the putting movement initiated within sixty seconds of having their name called.
- Allows the shot to drop below their shoulder or outside the vertical plane of their shoulder during the put.
At any time if the shot loses contact with the neck then it is technically an illegal put.
- During the putting motion, touches with any part of the body (including shoes):
- the top or ends of the toe board
- the top of the iron ring
- anywhere outside the circle.
- Puts a shot which either falls outside the throwing sector or touches a sector line on the initial impact.
- Leaves the circle before the shot has landed.
- Does not leave from the rear half of the circle.
Competition
Shot put competitions have been held at the modern Summer Olympic Games since their inception in 1896, and it is also included as an event in the World Athletics Championships.
Each of these competitions in the modern era have a set number of rounds of throws. Typically there are three qualification rounds to determine qualification for the final. There are then three preliminary rounds in the final with the top eight competitors receiving a further three throws. Each competitor in the final is credited with their longest throw, regardless of whether it was achieved in the preliminary or final three rounds. The competitor with the longest legal put is declared the winner.
Weight
In open competitions the men's shot weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb), and the women's shot weighs 4 kilograms (8.82 lb). Junior, school, and masters competitions often use different weights of shots, typically below the weights of those used in open competitions; the individual rules for each competition should be consulted in order to determine the correct weights to be used.
Putting styles
Two putting styles are in current general use by shot put competitors: the glide and the spin. With all putting styles, the goal is to release the shot with maximum forward velocity at an angle of slightly less than forty-five degrees.[6]
Glide
The origin of this technique dates to 1951, when Parry O'Brien from the United States invented a technique that involved the putter facing backwards, rotating 180 degrees across the circle, and then tossing the shot. Unlike spin, this technique is a linear movement.[7]
With this technique, a right-hand thrower would begin facing the rear of the circle. They would typically adopt a specific type of crouch, involving their bent right leg, in order to begin the throw from a more beneficial posture whilst also isometrically preloading their muscles. The positioning of their bodyweight over their bent leg, which pushes upwards with equal force, generates a preparatory isometric press. The force generated by this press will be channelled into the subsequent throw making it more powerful. To initiate the throw they kick to the front with the left leg, while pushing off forcefully with the right. As the thrower crosses the circle, the hips twist toward the front, the left arm is swung out then pulled back tight, followed by the shoulders, and they then strike in a putting motion with their right arm. The key is to move quickly across the circle with as little air under the feet as possible, hence the name 'glide'.
Spin
This is also known as the rotational technique.[8] It was first practiced in Europe in the 1950s but did not receive much attention until the 1970s.[9] In 1972, Aleksandr Baryshnikov set his first USSR record using a new putting style, the spin ("круговой мах" in Russian), invented by his coach Viktor Alexeyev.[10][11] The spin involves rotating like a discus thrower and using rotational momentum for power. In 1976 Baryshnikov went on to set a world record of 22.00 m (72.18 ft) with his spin style, and was the first shot putter to cross the 22-meter mark.[12]
With this technique, a right-hand thrower faces the rear, and begins to spin on the ball of the left foot. The thrower comes around and faces the front of the circle and drives the right foot into the center of the circle. Finally, the thrower reaches for the front of the circle with the left foot, twisting the hips and shoulders like in the glide, and puts the shot.
When the athlete executes the spin, the upper body is twisted hard to the right, so the imaginary lines created by the shoulders and hips are no longer parallel. This action builds up torque, and stretches the muscles, creating an involuntary elasticity in the muscles, providing extra power and momentum. When the athlete prepares to release, the left foot is firmly planted, causing the momentum and energy generated to be conserved, pushing the shot in an upward and outward direction.
Another purpose of the spin is to build up a high rotational speed, by swinging the right leg initially, then to bring all the limbs in tightly, similar to a figure skater bringing in their arms while spinning to increase their speed. Once this fast speed is achieved the shot is released, transferring the energy into the shot put.
Until 2016, a woman had never made an Olympic final (top 8) using the spin technique. The first woman to enter a final and win a medal at the Olympics was Anita Márton.[13][9]
Ryan Crouser, the current men's world record holder, added an additional move, the "Crouser Slide", to his spin technique. He used this technique to set the world record at the Los Angeles Grand Prix in 2023.[14]
Cartwheel
A vertical spinning technique where the athlete does a cartwheel on one hand before releasing the shot. It is currently banned in major competitions.[15]
Usage
Currently, most top male shot putters use the spin. However the glide remains popular since the technique leads to greater consistency compared to the rotational technique. Almost all throwers start by using the glide. Tomasz Majewski notes that although most athletes use the spin,[16] he and some other top shot putters achieved success using this classic method (for example he became the first to defend the Olympic title in 56 years).
The world record and the next six best male results (23.37, 23.30, 23.15, and 23.12 by Ryan Crouser, 23.23 by Joe Kovacs, and 23.12 and 23.10 by Randy Barnes) were completed with the spin technique, while the eighth-best all-time put of by Ulf Timmermann was completed with the glide technique.
The decision to glide or spin may need to be decided on an individual basis, determined by the thrower's size and power. Short throwers may benefit from the spin and taller throwers may benefit from the glide, but many throwers do not follow this guideline.
Types of shot
The shot is made of different kinds of materials depending on its intended use. Materials used include sand, iron, cast iron, solid steel, stainless steel, brass, and synthetic materials like polyvinyl. Some metals are more dense than others, making the size of the shot vary. For example, different materials are used to make indoor and outdoor shot – because damage to surroundings must be taken into account – so the latter are smaller. There are various size and weight standards for the implement that depend on the age and gender of the competitors as well as the national customs of the governing body.
World records
The current world record holders are:[17]
| Type | Athlete | Mark | Date | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||
| Outdoor | Ryan Crouser | ' | 27 May 2023 | Los Angeles, USA |
| Indoor | Ryan Crouser | ' | 24 January 2021 | Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA |
| Women | ||||
| Outdoor | Natalya Lisovskaya | ' | 7 June 1987 | Moscow, USSR |
| Indoor | Helena Fibingerová | ' | 19 February 1977 | Jablonec, CZE |
Area records
| Area | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark | Season | Athlete | Mark | Season | Athlete | |
| Africa (records) | ' | 2025 | Chukwuebuka Enekwechi (Nigeria) | ' | 2026 | Jessica Oji (Nigeria) |
| Asia (records) | ' | 2024 | Mohammed Tolo (Saudi Arabia) | ' | 1988 | Li Meisu (China) |
| Europe (records) | ' | 1988 | Ulf Timmermann (East Germany) | ' ' | 1987 | Natalya Lisovskaya (Soviet Union) |
| North, Central America and Caribbean (records) | ' ' | 2023 | Ryan Crouser (United States) | ' | 1992 | Belsy Laza (Cuba) |
| Oceania (records) | ' | 2019 | Tom Walsh (New Zealand) | ' | 2011 | Valerie Adams (New Zealand) |
| South America (records) | ' | 2019 | Darlan Romani (Brazil) | ' | 2001 | Elisângela Adriano (Brazil) |
All-time top 25
Outdoor tables show data for two definitions of "Top 25" - the top 25 shot put marks and the top 25 athletes:
- normal coloured background denotes lesser performances, still in the top 25 shot put marks, by repeat athletes
Men (outdoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Technique | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | spin | Ryan Crouser | 27 May 2023 | Los Angeles | [22] | ||
| 2 | Crouser #2 | 19 August 2023 | Budapest | [23] | ||||
| 3 | Crouser #3 | 18 June 2021 | Eugene | [24] | ||||
| 4 | Crouser #4 | 5 August 2021 | Tokyo | |||||
| 2 | 5 | spin | Joe Kovacs | 7 September 2022 | Zürich | [25] | ||
| 6 | Crouser #5 | 21 August 2021 | Eugene | |||||
| 7 | Kovacs #2 | 25 May 2024 | Eugene | [26] | ||||
| 3 | 8 | spin | Randy Barnes | 20 May 1990 | Westwood | |||
| 8 | Crouser #6 | 24 June 2022 | Eugene | [27] | ||||
| 10 | Barnes #2 | 26 May 1990 | San Jose | |||||
| 11 | Crouser #7 | 23 July 2023 | London | [28] | ||||
| 4 | 12 | glide | Ulf Timmermann | 22 May 1988 | Chania | |||
| 13 | Crouser #8 | 28 May 2022 | Eugene | [29] | ||||
| 14 | Crouser #9 | 22 May 2021 | Tucson | |||||
| 5 | 15 | spin | Leonardo Fabbri | 14 September 2024 | Brussels | [30] | ||
| 16 | Fabbri #2 | 15 May 2024 | Savona | [31] | ||||
| 17 | Crouser #10 | 17 July 2022 | Eugene | [32] | ||||
| 18 | Kovacs #3 | 17 September 2023 | Eugene | [33] | ||||
| Crouser #11 | 7 September 2024 | Zagreb | [34] | |||||
| Kovacs #4 | 18 May 2024 | Los Angeles | [35] | |||||
| 21 | Crouser #12 | 18 June 2021 | Eugene | |||||
| 6 | 22 | glide | Alessandro Andrei | 12 August 1987 | Viareggio | |||
| 22 | Kovacs #5 | 5 October 2019 | Doha | [36] | ||||
| Crouser #13 | 18 July 2020 | Marietta | ||||||
| Crouser #14 | 17 September 2023 | Eugene | [33] | |||||
| Fabbri #3 | 23 May 2024 | Asti | ||||||
| 7 | spin | Tom Walsh | 5 October 2019 | Doha | [36] | |||
| 8 | spin | Brian Oldfield | 10 May 1975 | El Paso | ||||
| 9 | glide | Werner Günthör | 23 August 1988 | Bern | ||||
| 10 | spin | Kevin Toth | 19 April 2003 | Lawrence | ||||
| 11 | glide | Udo Beyer | 20 August 1986 | Berlin | ||||
| 12 | spin | Darlan Romani | 30 June 2019 | Stanford | [37] | |||
| 13 | spin | Payton Otterdahl | 24 April 2024 | Des Moines | [38] | |||
| 14 | spin | Christian Cantwell | 5 June 2004 | Gresham | ||||
| 15 | glide | John Brenner | 26 April 1987 | Walnut | ||||
| 16 | spin | Adam Nelson | 18 May 2002 | Portland | ||||
| 17 | spin | Josh Awotunde | 3 August 2025 | Eugene | [39] | |||
| 18 | spin | Darrell Hill | 31 August 2017 | Brussels | [40] | |||
| spin | Zane Weir | 3 September 2023 | Padua | [41] | ||||
| 20 | spin | Reese Hoffa | 3 August 2007 | London | ||||
| 21 | spin | Michał Haratyk | 28 July 2019 | Warsaw | [42] | |||
| 22 | spin | Rajindra Campbell | 7 September 2024 | Zagreb | [34] | |||
| 23 | spin | Tripp Piperi | 3 August 2025 | Eugene | [43] | |||
| 24 | spin | Ryan Whiting | 10 May 2013 | Doha | ||||
| 25 | spin | Konrad Bukowiecki | 14 September 2019 | Chorzów | [44] | |||
| spin | Jordan Geist | 12 July 2024 | Dublin |
Notable throws and series
- Ryan Crouser threw 23.12 in Eugene, Oregon on 24 June 2022. 23.01, 23.11 and 22.98 (ancillary throws) were recorded for his remaining attempts. This was the first time the 23-metre barrier has been broken more than once in a series.[27]
- Crouser also threw a series of 23.23, 23.31, 22.94, 23.56, 22.80 and 22.86 in Los Angeles, California on 27 May 2023 to break again the 23-metre mark three times in a series.[22]
Women (outdoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Technique | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | glide | Natalya Lisovskaya | 7 June 1987 | Moscow | |||
| 2 | Lisovskaya #2 | 7 June 1987 | Moscow | |||||
| 3 | Lisovskaya #3 | 5 July 1988 | Tallinn | |||||
| 4 | Lisovskaya #4 | 27 May 1984 | Sochi | |||||
| Lisovskaya #5 | 14 August 1988 | Kyiv | ||||||
| 2 | 6 | glide | Ilona Slupianek | 11 May 1980 | Potsdam | |||
| 7 | Slupianek #2 | 24 July 1980 | Moscow | |||||
| 8 | Slupianek #3 | 3 June 1983 | Berlin | |||||
| 9 | Slupianek #4 | 25 May 1980 | Karl-Marx-Stadt | |||||
| 10 | Slupianek #5 | 2 May 1980 | Celje | |||||
| 11 | Slupianek #6 | 7 May 1980 | Berlin | |||||
| Slupianek #7 | 18 July 1980 | Cottbus | ||||||
| 3 | 13 | glide | Helena Fibingerová | 20 August 1977 | Nitra | |||
| 14 | Lisovskaya #6 | 1 October 1988 | Seoul | |||||
| 15 | Slupianek #8 | 13 July 1980 | Potsdam | |||||
| 4 | 16 | glide | Claudia Losch | 23 August 1987 | Hainfeld | |||
| 17 | Slupianek #9 | 29 April 1980 | Split | |||||
| 18 | Lisovskaya #7 | 6 August 1988 | Moscow | |||||
| 19 | Slupianek #10 | 28 May 1980 | Berlin | |||||
| Slupianek #11 | 31 May 1980 | Potsdam | ||||||
| 21 | Slupianek #12 | 4 July 1979 | Potsdam | |||||
| Slupianek #13 | 29 July 1979 | Potsdam | ||||||
| 23 | Fibingerová #2 | 26 September 1976 | Opava | |||||
| 24 | Slupianek #14 | 17 July 1979 | Berlin | |||||
| 25 | Fibingerová #3 | 8 June 1977 | Ostrava | |||||
| Lisovskaya #8 | 16 August 1984 | Prague | ||||||
| Lisovskaya #9 | 28 August 1988 | Vilnius | ||||||
| 5 | glide | Ivanka Khristova | Bulgaria | 4 July 1976 | Belmeken | |||
| 6 | glide | Marianne Adam | 23 June 1979 | Leipzig | ||||
| 7 | glide | Li Meisu | 23 April 1988 | Shijiazhuang | ||||
| 8 | glide | Natalya Akhrimenko | 21 May 1988 | Leselidze | ||||
| 9 | glide | Vita Pavlysh | 20 August 1998 | Budapest | ||||
| 10 | glide | Sui Xinmei | 9 June 1990 | Beijing | ||||
| 11 | glide | Verzhinia Veselinova | Bulgaria | 21 August 1982 | Sofia | |||
| 12 | glide | Margitta Droese-Pufe | 28 May 1978 | Erfurt | ||||
| 13 | glide | Ines Müller | 16 May 1988 | Athens | ||||
| 14 | glide | Nunu Abashidze | 20 June 1984 | Kyiv | ||||
| 15 | glide | Huang Zhihong | 27 June 1990 | Beijing | ||||
| 16 | glide | Larisa Peleshenko | 26 August 2000 | Budapest | ||||
| 17 | glide | Nadezhda Chizhova | 29 September 1973 | Varna | ||||
| 18 | glide | Eva Wilms | 17 June 1977 | Munich | ||||
| 19 | glide | Svetlana Krachevskaya | 24 July 1980 | Moscow | ||||
| 20 | glide | Heike Hartwig | 16 May 1988 | Athens | ||||
| 21 | glide | Liane Schmuhl | 26 June 1982 | Cottbus | ||||
| 22 | glide | Valerie Adams | 29 August 2011 | Daegu | ||||
| 23 | glide | Astrid Kumbernuss | 5 August 1995 | Gothenburg | ||||
| 24 | glide | Kathrin Neimke | 5 September 1987 | Rome | ||||
| 25 | glide | Helma Knorscheidt | 24 May 1984 | Berlin |
Men (indoor)
- Correct as of February 2026.[47]
Notes
Below is a list of all other throws equal or superior to 22.42 m:
- Ryan Crouser also threw 22.80 (2024), 22.77 (2024), 22.70 (2021), 22.66 (2021), 22.65 (2021), 22.60 (2020), 22.58 (2020, 2023), 22.48 (2021), 22.43 (2021) and 22.42 (2023).
- Randy Barnes also threw 22.66 (1989).
- Ulf Timmermann also threw 22.55 (1989).
Ryan Crouser threw 23.38 , a possible world record, in Pocatello, Idaho on 18 February 2023. But this result was unratifiable because the throwing circle was too wide and raised above ground level.[55]
Women (indoor)
- Correct as of March 2026.[56]
Annulled
The following athletes had their performance (inside 21.50 m) annulled due to doping offences:
- Nadzeya Ostapchuk 21.70 (2010)
World Indoor Championships medalists
Men
Women
- Known as the World Indoor Games
World leading marks
Men
Women
See also
Notes and references
- ^ "Shot Put". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2026-01-11.
- ^ Colin White (31 December 2009). Projectile Dynamics in Sport: Principles and Applications. Taylor & Francis. pp. 131–. ISBN 978-0-415-47331-6. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
- ^ "Hammer Throw". IAAF. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^ "Shot Put – Introduction". IAAF. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
- ^ "Laying Out Sector Angles for the Track and Field Throwing Events". USA Track & Field Pacific Northwest. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
The shot, discus, hammer & weight throw sector is 34.92º. This angle was chosen due to its simple geometry.
- ^ "Biomechanical Problem of Shot Putting Finally Solved"
- ^ "Follow These Directions for the Glide Technique in Shot Put"
- ^ "Rotational vs. Glide Revisited – Comparing Shot Techniques [ARTICLE] | the Track & Field / Cross Country Coaches Insider". Archived from the original on 2018-05-10. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
- ^ "Shot Put Spin and Glide Technique Comparison". 2013-09-17.
- ^ Aleksandr Baryshnikov biography on sportsdaily.ru (in Russian) Archived 2021-09-26 at the Wayback Machine reference tested at 11 May 2009
- ^ Aleksandr Baryshnikov, Athlete from Russia (in Russian) Archived 2010-09-17 at the Wayback Machine reference tested at 11 May 2009
- ^ Григорий РУДЕРМАН (Израиль), заслуженный тренер России «Метания в хх веке : тенденции развития.» Archived 2013-10-31 at the Wayback Machine reference tested at 11 May 2009
- ^ "High School Shot Put: Glide or Spin?". Louisiana Track and Field Coaches Association. 2009. Archived from the original on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
- ^ "History's best shot putter smashes world record with new technique at L.A. Grand Prix". Los Angeles Times. 2023-05-28. Retrieved 2023-06-29.
- ^ "World Athletics | Shot Put". worldathletics.org. Archived 2025-01-25 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
- ^ Playboy Poland 8/2012, page 44,45
- ^ "Ryan Crouser breaks world indoor shot put record with 2 best throws in history". 24 January 2021.
- ^ "Men's Outdoor Shot Put | Records". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 6 May 2026.
- ^ "Women's Outdoor Shot Put | Records". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 6 May 2026.
- ^ "Shot Put Men Senior Outdoor". IAAF. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ "All-time men's best Shot Put". alltime-athletics.com. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ "FLASH: Crouser breaks world shot put record with 23.56m in Los Angeles | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2023-05-27.
- ^ "Crouser retains shot put title at worlds after nearly staying home due to blood clots". AP News. 2023-08-19. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
- ^ "Crouser smashes world shot put record with 23.37m in Eugene | REPORT | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
- ^ Jess Whittington (7 September 2022). "Kovacs throws 23.23m in superb shot put showdown on Sechselautenplatz". World Athletics. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
- ^ "Shot Put Result". swisstiming.com. 25 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ Karen Rosen (25 June 2022). "Kerley cruises to speedy 100m triumph at US Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". sportresult.com. 23 July 2023. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- ^ Cathal Dennehy (29 May 2022). "Norman reigns in fierce 400m clash with record run in Eugene". World Athletics. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". diamondleague.com. 14 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "Furlani jumps world U20 record, Fabbri throws 22.95m in Savona". World Athletics. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ "Men's Shot Put Final Results". World Athletics. 17 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
- ^ "Tsegay smashes world 5000m record and Duplantis breaks world pole vault record in Eugene | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ "74th Boris Hanžeković Memorial - Shot Put 7,26kg Men results". online.atletika.cz. 8 September 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". Word Athletics. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". IAAF. 5 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ Brian Russell (1 July 2019). "Romani takes surprise shot put win in Stanford – IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
- ^ "Otterdahl, Ramsey Team Up to Win Drake Relays Shot Put Showcase". godrakebulldogs.com. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". World Athletics. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
- ^ Mike Rowbottom (31 August 2017). "Hill hits the shot put jackpot in Brussels' Place de la Monnaie – IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ "Weir blasts a lifetime best of 22.44m for victory in Padua". European Athletics. 4 September 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ "Haratyk smashes Polish shot put record with 22.32m in Warsaw". European Athletics. 28 July 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". World Athletics. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
- ^ Bob Ramsak (14 September 2019). "Bukowiecki improves to 22.25m in Chorzow". IAAF. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
- ^ "Shot Put Women Senior Outdoor". IAAF. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ "All-time women's best Shot Put". alltime-athletics.com. 30 August 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ "Shot Put - men - senior - indoor". World Athletics. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ^ Mulkeen, Jon (10 February 2024). "Tsegay, Girma and Holloway threaten world indoor records in Lievin". World Athletics. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". sportresult.com. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ Jon Mulkeen (23 February 2024). "Charlton threatens world record in Madrid". World Athletics. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". World Athletics. Retrieved 17 March 2026.
- ^ "Shot Put Final Results". European Athletics. 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". World Athletics. Retrieved 17 March 2026.
- ^ "Shot Put Results". World Athletics. Retrieved 17 March 2026.
- ^ Lindstrom, Sieg (12 April 2023). "No April Fools' Gag — Crouser's 76-8½ Nixed". Track&Field News. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ "Shot Put - women - senior - indoor". World Athletics. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
- ^ "Schilder shines with 20.69m to win shot put in Apeldoorn | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Archived 2025-03-09 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2025-03-10.
- ^ "World leads for Szymański and Schilder in Berlin". World Athletics. 6 March 2026. Retrieved 6 March 2026.