{{Short description|American actress and diplomat (1928–2014)}} {{For|the drink named after her|Shirley Temple (drink)}} {{pp-pc|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=October 2024}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Shirley Temple | image = Shirleytemple.jpg | alt = Young, smiling, dark-haired woman wearing a hat and business attire, with a double strand of pearls around her neck | caption = Temple in 1948 | ambassador_from = United States | country = Czechoslovakia | president = [[George H. W. Bush]] | term_start = August 23, 1989 | term_end = July 12, 1992 | predecessor = [[Julian Niemczyk]] | successor = [[Adrian A. Basora]] | office2 = [[Chief of Protocol of the United States]] | president2 = [[Gerald Ford]]<br/>[[Jimmy Carter]] | term_start2 = July 1, 1976 | term_end2 = January 21, 1977 | predecessor2 = [[Henry E. Catto Jr.]] | successor2 = [[Evan Dobelle]] | ambassador_from3 = United States | country3 = Ghana | president3 = Gerald Ford | term_start3 = December 6, 1974 | term_end3 = July 13, 1976 | predecessor3 = [[Fred L. Hadsel]] | successor3 = [[Robert P. Smith (ambassador)|Robert P. Smith]] | office4 = President of the [[Commonwealth Club of California]] | term_start4 = February 1984 | term_end4 = August 1984 | birth_name = Shirley Jane Temple | birth_date = {{birth date|1928|04|23}} | birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Santa Monica, California]], U.S.}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2014|2|10|1928|4|23}} | death_place = [[Woodside, California]], U.S. | resting_place = [[Alta Mesa Memorial Park]] | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer|dancer|politician|diplomat}} | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[John Agar]]|1945|1950|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Charles Alden Black]]|1950|2005|reason=died}} }} | children = 3, including [[Lori Black]] | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | module = {{infobox person | child = yes | years_active = 1932–1965 (as entertainer)<br/> 1967–1992 (as public servant) }} | website = {{URL|shirleytemple.com}} | signature = Shirley Temple Black autograph.svg }} '''Shirley Temple Black''' (born '''Shirley Jane Temple'''; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, singer, dancer, politician, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw as a child actress from 1934 to 1938. Later, she was named [[United States Ambassador to Ghana]] and to [[United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovakia]], and also served as [[Chief of Protocol of the United States]].
Temple began her film career in 1931 when she was three years old and became well known for her performance in ''[[Bright Eyes (1934 film)|Bright Eyes]]'', released in 1934. She won a special [[Academy Juvenile Award|Juvenile Academy Award]] in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as a juvenile performer in motion pictures during 1934 and continued to appear in popular films through the remainder of the 1930s, although her subsequent films became less popular as she grew older.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shirley Temple|url=http://www.biography.com/people/shirley-temple-9503798|work=[[biography.com]]|access-date=August 15, 2012|archive-date=April 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413051608/https://www.biography.com/people/shirley-temple-9503798|url-status=live}}</ref> She appeared in her last film, ''[[A Kiss for Corliss]]'', in 1949.<ref>Balio 227</ref><ref name="WindelerP26">Windeler 26</ref>
Temple joined the Junior League of [[Palo Alto, California]], in 1959 and shortly thereafter began a new chapter of public service, perhaps using a combination of her stardom and her leadership training to advocate for important causes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thejuniorleagueinternational.org/ |title=The Association of Junior League International |access-date=November 10, 2025 |archive-date=November 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114183341/https://thejuniorleagueinternational.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
She began her diplomatic career in 1969, when she was appointed to represent the U.S. at a session of the [[United Nations General Assembly]], where she worked at the [[United States Mission to the United Nations|U.S. Mission]] under Ambassador [[Charles Yost]]. Later, she was named U.S. Ambassador to Ghana, and also served as the first female U.S. Chief of Protocol. In 1988, she published her autobiography, ''Child Star''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Child Star|year=1998|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|url=https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp_0}}</ref> After her biography was published, she served as the penultimate U.S. ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992).
Temple was the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including the [[Kennedy Center Honors]] and a [[Screen Actors Guild]] Life Achievement Award. In 1999, Temple is 18th on the [[American Film Institute]]'s [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars|list of the greatest female American screen legends]] of classic Hollywood cinema.
==Early years== [[File:Shirleytemple young.jpg|thumb|left|Temple in ''[[Glad Rags to Riches]]'' (1933)]] Shirley Jane Temple was born on April 23, 1928,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/shirley_temple_born_1928_1244246|title=The Birth of Shirley Temple|work=[[California Birth Index]]|access-date=June 9, 2021|archive-date=June 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609122451/https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/shirley_temple_born_1928_1244246|url-status=live}}</ref> at [[UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center|Santa Monica Hospital]] in [[Santa Monica, California]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Love, Shirley Temple, Collector's Book: 4 Shirley Temple's Official Hospital Birth Certificate |url=https://www.theriaults.com/shirley-temples-official-hospital-birth-certificate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807055441/https://www.theriaults.com/shirley-temples-official-hospital-birth-certificate |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |access-date=July 28, 2020 |website=theriaults.com}}</ref> the third child of homemaker Gertrude Amelia Temple ({{née|Krieger}}{{efn|The Kriegers altered the spelling of their surname to the French-sounding "Crieger" for a time due to rising [[anti-German sentiment]] during [[World War I]].<ref>Black 8</ref>}}) and bank employee George Francis Temple.<ref>{{cite book |last=Black, Shirley Temple |year=1988 |title=Child Star: an Autobiography |pages=1–4|location=New York |publisher=Warner Books, Inc. |isbn=0-446-35792-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp }}</ref> The family was of [[Dutch people|Dutch]], English, and German ancestry.<ref>Edwards 15, 17</ref><ref name="Windeler16">Windeler 16</ref> She had two brothers: John and George Jr.<ref name="Windeler16"/><ref>Edwards 15</ref><ref>Burdick 3</ref> The family moved to Rockingham Avenue, [[Brentwood, Los Angeles]].<ref>[https://www.yahoo.com/news/blogs/spaces/feb--10--a-look-at-the-late-shirley-temple-s-childhood-home-185130345.html?ref=gs A look at the late Shirley Temple's first home] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229102240/https://www.yahoo.com/news/blogs/spaces/feb--10--a-look-at-the-late-shirley-temple-s-childhood-home-185130345.html?ref=gs |date=December 29, 2016 }}, Yahoo!. Retrieved December 28, 2016.</ref>
Temple's mother encouraged her to develop her singing, dancing, and acting talents.<ref>Edwards 29–30</ref><ref>Windeler 17</ref><ref name="BurdickP6">Burdick 6</ref> At about this time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in [[ringlet (haircut)|ringlets]].<ref name="EdwardsP26">Edwards 26</ref>
While at the dance school, Temple was spotted by [[Charles Lamont]], who was a casting director for [[Educational Pictures]]. She hid behind a piano while he was in the studio. Lamont liked Temple and invited her to audition. He signed her to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its ''[[Baby Burlesks]]'',<ref>Edwards 31</ref><ref>Black 14</ref><ref>Edwards 31–34</ref><ref name="WindelerP111">Windeler 111</ref> 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent films and events, using preschool children in every role. In 1933, Temple appeared in ''Glad Rags to Riches'', a parody of the [[Mae West]] feature ''[[She Done Him Wrong]]'', with Temple as a saloon singer. That same year, she appeared in ''Kid 'in' Africa'' as a child imperiled in the jungle and in ''Runt Page'', a pastiche of the previous year's ''[[The Front Page (1931 film)|The Front Page]]''. The younger players in the cast recited their lines phonetically.
Temple became the breakout star of this series, and Educational promoted her to 20-minute comedies in the ''Frolics of Youth'' series with [[Frank Coghlan Jr.]] Temple played Mary Lou Rogers, the baby sister in a contemporary suburban family.<ref>Windeler 113, 115, 122</ref> Temple and her child costars modeled for breakfast cereals and other products to fund production costs.<ref>Black 15</ref><ref>Edwards 36</ref> She was lent to Tower Productions for a small role in the studio's first feature film, ''[[The Red-Haired Alibi]]'' (1932),<ref>Black 28</ref><ref>Edwards 37, 366</ref> and in 1933 to [[Universal Pictures|Universal]], [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] and [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] for various parts,<ref>Edwards 267–269</ref><ref>Windeler 122</ref> including an uncredited role in ''[[To the Last Man (1933 film)|To the Last Man]]'' (1933), starring [[Randolph Scott]] and [[Esther Ralston]].
==Film career== After viewing one of Temple's ''Frolics of Youth'' films, [[Fox Film Corporation]] songwriter [[Jay Gorney]] saw her dancing in the theater lobby. Recognizing her from the screen, Gorney arranged a [[screen test]] for Temple for the film ''[[Stand Up and Cheer!]]'' (1934). Temple auditioned on December 7, 1933, and won the part. She was signed to a $150-per-week contract that was guaranteed for two weeks by Fox. The role was a breakthrough performance for Temple. Her charm was evident to Fox executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices almost immediately after finishing "Baby, Take a Bow", a song-and-dance number that she performed with [[James Dunn (actor)|James Dunn]].
===Roles===
[[File:Shirley Temple, NPG 94 48 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Temple in 1938]] Biographer John Kasson argues:
{{blockquote|In almost all of these films, she played the role of emotional healer, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, estranged family members, traditional and modern ways, and warring armies. Characteristically lacking one or both parents, she constituted new families of those most worthy to love and protect her. Producers delighted in contrasting her diminutive stature, sparkling eyes, dimpled smile, and 56 blond curls by casting her opposite strapping leading men, such as [[Gary Cooper]], [[John Boles (actor)|John Boles]], [[Victor McLaglen]], and [[Randolph Scott]]. Yet her favorite costar was the great African American tap dancer [[Bill Robinson|Bill "Bojangles" Robinson]], with whom she appeared in four films, beginning with ''[[The Little Colonel (1935 film)|The Little Colonel]]'' (1935), in which they performed the famous staircase dance.<ref name="Kasson, 2015">Kasson, ''American National Biography'' (2015)</ref>}}
Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the tone and tenor of Temple's films:
{{blockquote|This was mid-[[Great Depression|Depression]], and schemes proliferated for the care of the needy and the regeneration of the fallen. But they all required endless paperwork and demeaning, hours-long queues, at the end of which an exhausted, nettled social worker dealt with each person as a faceless number. Shirley offered a natural solution: to open one's heart.<ref name="EdwardsP75">Edwards 75</ref>}}
President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] praised her performances, saying, "It is a splendid thing that for just 15 cents, an American can go to a movie and look at the smiling face of a baby and forget his troubles."<ref>Edwards 75–76</ref>
===Finances=== [[File:James Dunn and Shirley Temple publicity photo for "Bright Eyes" - front (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Publicity photo of Temple and [[James Dunn (actor)|James Dunn]] in ''[[Bright Eyes (1934 film)|Bright Eyes]]'' (1934)]]
On December 21, 1933, Temple's contract was extended to one year at the same $150 per week ({{Inflation|US|150|1933|fmt=eq}}) with a seven-year option, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 per week ({{Inflation|US|25|1933|r=0|fmt=eq}}) as her hairdresser and personal coach.{{sfn|Temple Black|1988|pp=32–36}} Released in May 1934, ''[[Stand Up and Cheer!]]'' became Shirley's breakthrough film.<ref>Barrios 421</ref> She performed in a short skit in the film alongside popular Fox star [[James Dunn (actor)|James Dunn]], singing and [[Tap dance|tap dancing]]. Fox executives rushed her into another film with Dunn, ''[[Baby Take a Bow]]'' (named after their song in ''Stand Up and Cheer!''). Temple's third film, also with Dunn, was ''[[Bright Eyes (1934 film)|Bright Eyes]]'' (1934), a movie written specifically for her.<ref>Kasson 80–83</ref>
After the success of her first three films, Temple's parents realized that she was not being paid sufficiently. Her image also began to appear on numerous commercial products without her legal authorization and without compensation. To regain control over the use of her image and to negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer [[Loyd Wright]] to represent them. On July 18, 1934, Temple's contractual salary was raised to $1,000 per week ({{Inflation|US|1000|1934|r=0|fmt=eq}}), and her mother's salary was raised to $250 per week ({{Inflation|US|250|1934|r=0|fmt=eq}}), with an additional $15,000 ({{Inflation|US|15000|1934|r=0|fmt=eq}}) bonus for each finished film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/relativevalue.php|title=Measuring Worth – Results|website=measuringworth.com|access-date=May 10, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308144821/https://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/relativevalue.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Cease-and-desist letters were sent to many companies and authorized corporate licenses began to be issued.{{sfn|Temple Black|1988|pp=79–83}}
''Bright Eyes'', written with her acting style in mind, was released in 1934<ref>Edwards 67</ref><ref>Windeler 143</ref> The film included the song "[[On the Good Ship Lollipop]]", which is considered to be her [[signature song]]. She was awarded a miniature [[Academy Juvenile Award|Juvenile Oscar]] in 1935.<ref>Black 98–101</ref><ref>Edwards 80</ref><ref>Windeler 27–28</ref>
===1935–1937=== Temple's quota of films in each calendar year was increased from three to four in the contract that her parents signed in July 1934. ''[[Now and Forever (1934 film)|Now and Forever]]'' starring [[Gary Cooper]] and [[Carole Lombard]] (with Temple billed third with her name above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), ''[[The Little Colonel (1935 film)|The Little Colonel]]'', ''[[Our Little Girl]]'', ''[[Curly Top]]'' (with the signature song "[[Animal Crackers in My Soup]]") and ''[[The Littlest Rebel]]'' were released after the contract was signed. ''Curly Top'' was Temple's last film before the merger between 20th Century Pictures and the Fox Film Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=20th Century Fox {{!}} History, Movies, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/20th-Century-Fox|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|archive-date=December 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222094335/https://www.britannica.com/topic/20th-Century-Fox|url-status=live}}</ref>
Temple's salary was $2,500 per week ({{Inflation|US|2500|1935|r=0|fmt=eq}}) by the end of 1935.{{sfn|Temple Black|1988|p=130}} Elaborate sets were built for the production at the famed [[Iverson Movie Ranch]] in [[Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California|Chatsworth]], where a rock feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually named Shirley Temple Rock.<ref>Edwards 105, 363</ref>
''[[Heidi (1937 film)|Heidi]]'' was the only other Temple film released in 1937.<ref>Edwards, p. 106</ref> Midway through shooting of the movie, the dream sequence was added to the script. Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence and she had enthusiastically pushed for it, but in her autobiography, she vehemently denied this. Her contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative control over her movies. She saw this as Zanuck's refusal to make any serious attempt at building upon the success of her dramatic role in ''Wee Willie Winkie''.{{sfn|Temple Black|1988|pp=192–193}}
One of the many examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at the time is the references to her in the 1937 film ''[[Stand-In]]''; newly minted film studio honcho Atterbury Dodd (played by [[Leslie Howard]]) has never heard of Temple, much to the shock and disbelief of former child star Lester Plum (played by [[Joan Blondell]]), who describes herself as "the Shirley Temple of my day", and performs "[[On the Good Ship Lollipop]]" for him.
===1938–1940=== [[File:The Little Princess (1939).webm|thumb|thumbtime=44|upright=1.2|Temple in ''The Little Princess'', her first color film]] The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an advertisement in ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' in May 1938 that included Temple on a list of actors who deserved their salaries while [[Box Office Poison (magazine article)|others' (including Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil"]].<ref name="life19380516">{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18|title=Box-office Busts/Boys and Girls|magazine=Life|date=May 16, 1938|access-date=September 8, 2012|pages=13, 28|archive-date=September 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909152433/https://books.google.com/books?id=20oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1939, she was the subject of the [[Salvador Dalí]] painting ''[[Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster of the Cinema in Her Time]]'', and she was animated with [[Donald Duck]] in ''[[The Autograph Hound]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu.desertsun.com/story/disney-magic/2014/02/11/shirley-temple-black-was-no-stranger-to-disney/5399545/|last=Barkas|first=Sherry|title=Shirley Temple Black was no stranger to Disney|website=Desert Sun|access-date=September 21, 2022|archive-date=February 21, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221210049/https://eu.desertsun.com/story/disney-magic/2014/02/11/shirley-temple-black-was-no-stranger-to-disney/5399545/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film producer, bought the screen rights to [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]'s ''[[Babylon Revisited and Other Stories|Babylon Revisited]]'' for $80. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and with some hesitation, accepted Cowan's offer to write the screenplay titled "Cosmopolitan" based on the short story. After finishing the screenplay, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that he would not do the film unless Temple starred in the lead role of the youngster Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, the actress was too worldly for the part and would detract from the aura of innocence otherwise framed by Honoria's character. After meeting Temple in July, Fitzgerald changed his mind, and tried to persuade her mother to let her star in the film. However, her mother demurred. In any case, the Cowan project was shelved by the producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the use of the original story for ''[[The Last Time I Saw Paris]]'' starring [[Elizabeth Taylor]].<ref>E. Ray Canterbery and Thomas D. Birch, ''F. Scott Fitzgerald: Under the Influence'', St. Paul, Minn.: Paragon House, 2006, pp. 347–352.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
As her contract with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a close, Temple's mother applied her for entrance into the [[Westlake School for Girls]] in September 1939.<ref>{{cite book |last=Black, Shirley Temple |year=1988 |title=Child Star: an Autobiography |page=299 |location=New York |publisher=Warner Books, Inc. |isbn=0-446-35792-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp }}</ref> There, Temple would enroll as a [[seventh grade|seventh-grade]]r. Temple noted that she had difficulty adapting to a school environment after having spent much of her youth with adults and private tutors. However, her classmate [[June Lockhart]] described her as having "integrated herself right away" and seeming "delighted to be there". Temple frequently attended school dances and extracurricular activities, and according to Lockhart, "students did not treat her differently despite her successful film career."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hwchronicle.com/3821/news/alum-shirley-temple-dies-at-85/|title=Alum Shirley Temple dies at 85|website=The Harvard-Westlake Chronicle|access-date=April 27, 2024|archive-date=July 1, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701223217/https://hwchronicle.com/3821/news/alum-shirley-temple-dies-at-85/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Lockhart |first=June |author-link=June Lockhart |date=February 12, 2014 |title=Shirley Temple's First On-Screen Kiss |url=https://time.com/7176/shirley-temples-first-on-screen-kiss/ |access-date=April 27, 2024 |magazine=Time |archive-date=April 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427231157/https://time.com/7176/shirley-temples-first-on-screen-kiss/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Temple graduated from the school in May 1945.<ref>{{cite book |last=Black, Shirley Temple |year=1988 |title=Child Star: an Autobiography |page=380 |location=New York |publisher=Warner Books, Inc. |isbn=0-446-35792-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://westlakearchives.hw.com/through-time/2000/025-ShirleyTempleBlack|title=Shirley Temple Black, Class of 1945|website=The Westlake School for Girls Archive|access-date=April 27, 2024|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427231157/https://westlakearchives.hw.com/through-time/2000/025-ShirleyTempleBlack|url-status=live}}</ref>
===1941–1950: Final films and retirement=== [[File:Shirley Temple - Image (1943).png|thumb|upright|150px|Temple in 1943]] After leaving 20th Century-Fox, Temple signed a contract with [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] . However, upon meeting with MGM producer [[Arthur Freed]] for a preliminary interview, he allegedly exposed his genitals to her. According to Temple, when she responded with nervous giggles, Freed threw her out of his office and ended their contract before any films were produced.<ref name="NYTObit">{{Cite news |last=Harmetz |first=Aljean |author-link=Aljean Harmetz |date=February 11, 2014 |title=Shirley Temple Black, Hollywood's Biggest Little Star, Dies at 85 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/12/arts/shirley-temple-black-screen-star-dies-at-85.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326203003/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/12/arts/shirley-temple-black-screen-star-dies-at-85.html |archive-date=March 26, 2019 |access-date=January 30, 2020 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The next idea was teaming Temple with [[Mickey Rooney]] and [[Judy Garland]] for the musical ''[[Babes on Broadway]]''. Fearing that either of those two could easily upstage Temple, MGM replaced her with [[Virginia Weidler]]. As a result, Temple's only film for MGM was the unsuccessful film ''[[Kathleen (film)|Kathleen]]'', released in December 1941. ''[[Miss Annie Rooney]]'' (1942) distributed by [[United Artists]], was also unsuccessful. ''[[The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer]]'' (1947) starring [[Cary Grant]] and ''[[Fort Apache (film)|Fort Apache]]'' (1948) starring [[John Wayne]] and [[Henry Fonda]] were two of her few hit films in the 1940s.<ref>Windeler 49–52</ref> Her then-husband [[John Agar]] also appeared in ''Fort Apache''. She and future U.S. president [[Ronald Reagan]] were both in ''[[That Hagen Girl]]'' (1947)''.'' Temple formally announced her retirement from films in 1950.<ref>Windeler, p. 71</ref><ref>Black 479–481</ref>
==Radio career== Temple made her radio debut with a [[radio drama]] adaptation promoting the then-upcoming film ''[[The Blue Bird (1940 film)|The Blue Bird]]'' on Christmas Eve, 1939. During that radio appearance, a woman arose from her seat and brandished a [[handgun]], pointing it directly at Temple. She froze just long enough for police to stop her. It was later discovered that the woman's daughter had died on the day she mistakenly believed Temple was born, and blamed Temple for stealing her daughter's soul. The woman did not know that Temple was born in 1928, not 1929.{{sfn|Temple Black|1988|pp=293–295}}<ref name="Weinstock">{{Cite magazine |last=Weinstock |first=Matt |date=April 8, 2013 |title=Shirley Temple's Strange Loot |url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/shirley-temples-strange-loot |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208024105/https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/shirley-temples-strange-loot |archive-date=December 8, 2024 |access-date=November 15, 2025 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref>
Temple briefly had her own radio series on [[CBS]]. ''Junior Miss'' debuted March 4, 1942, in which she played the title role. The series was based on stories by [[Sally Benson]]. Sponsored by [[Procter & Gamble]], ''Junior Miss'' was directed by Gordon Hughes, with [[David Rose (songwriter)|David Rose]] as musical director.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shirley Temple in Title Role Of 'Junior Miss' Radio Drama|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2086642/shirley_temple_in_junior_miss|work=Harrisburg Telegraph|date=February 28, 1942|page=22|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=March 28, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105700/http://www.newspapers.com/clip/2086642/shirley_temple_in_junior_miss/|url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The series ended on August 26, 1942.<ref>"Radio News and Programs." ''Atlantic City Press-Union'', August 15, 1942, p. 14.</ref>
==Television career== [[File:Shirley Temple (1965).jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Temple in 1965]]
From 1958 until 1961, Temple was the hostess, narrator, and an occasional actress on an anthology series of fairy tale adaptations initially called ''[[Shirley Temple's Storybook]].'' During 1958 the hour-long program was seen as a series of specials on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. Starting in 1959 the series began airing every third Monday night, alternating with ''[[Cheyenne (TV series)|Cheyenne]]''. On September 18, 1960 the series moved to [[NBC]], where it was broadcast under the title of ''The Shirley Temple Show''.<ref name="Toledo">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rbxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CQEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7025%2C1085098&q=Shirley+Temple+color+Land+Oz+delightful+script+youngsters |title=Today's TV Key Prevues |page=8 (Section 4) |newspaper=Toledo Blade (Ohio) |date=1960-09-18 |access-date=2026-04-04 }}</ref><ref name="Brooks/Marsh">{{cite book |first1=Tim |last1=Brooks |author-link1=Tim Brooks (historian) |first2=Earle |last2=Marsh |title=[[The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946–Present]] |section=Shirley Temple's Storybook (Children's Anthology) |section-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8KztFy6QYwC&dq=%22Shirley+Temple's+Storybook+Children's+Anthology%22&pg=PA1230 |page=1230 |edition=9 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-345-49773-4 |access-date=2026-04-04 }}</ref> This version, now airing in color,<ref name="Toledo" /> was a weekly series that ran until September 10, 1961.<ref name="Brooks/Marsh" />
In 1999, she hosted the ''[[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars]]'' awards show on [[CBS]].<ref name="100 Stars">{{cite book |first=Vincent |last=Terrace |title=Television Specials: 5,336 Entertainment Programs, 1936-2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BUvTYfLP624C&pg=PA25&dq=%22The+American+Film+Institute+100+Years+100+Stars%22+%22Host+Shirley+Temple+Black%22 |page=25 |edition=2 |year=2012 |publisher=McFarland & Company, Incorporated, Publishers |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |isbn=978-0-7864-7444-8 |access-date=2026-04-04 }}</ref>
In 2001 Temple served as a consultant on an [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC-TV]] film production of her autobiography, ''Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.''<ref>{{cite web | last=Speier | first=Michael | title=Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story | website=Variety | date=May 9, 2001 | url=https://variety.com/2001/tv/reviews/child-star-the-shirley-temple-story-1200468466/ | access-date=December 17, 2024 | archive-date=July 30, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730043652/https://variety.com/2001/tv/reviews/child-star-the-shirley-temple-story-1200468466/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story (2001)|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/child_star_the_shirley_temple_story|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=June 5, 2005 |access-date=August 15, 2012|archive-date=July 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709103519/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/child_star_the_shirley_temple_story/|url-status=live}}</ref> Directed by Australian director [[Nadia Tass]] and filmed by her husband [[David Parker (director)|David Parker]], the film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, [[Connie Britton]] as Gertrude Temple, [[Colin Friels]] as George Temple, and [[Hinton Battle]] as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed in [[Port Melbourne]], Australia.<ref>{{cite web | title=Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story (television) | website=D23 | date=March 16, 2018 | url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/child-star-the-shirley-temple-story-television/ | access-date=December 17, 2024 | archive-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103154420/https://d23.com/a-to-z/child-star-the-shirley-temple-story-television/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
==Merchandise and endorsements== [[File:Shirley temple library of congress a.JPG|thumb|left|Temple leaving the White House offices with her mother and bodyguard John Griffith, 1938]] John Kasson states:
{{blockquote|She was also the most popular celebrity to endorse merchandise for children and adults, rivaled only by Mickey Mouse. She transformed children's fashions, popularizing a toddler look for girls up to the age of 12, and by the mid-1930s, Ideal Novelty and Toy Company's line of Shirley Temple dolls accounted for almost a third of all dolls sold in the country.<ref name="Kasson, 2015"/>}}
Successful Shirley Temple items included a line of girls' dresses and many other items.<ref name="BlackP85-6">Black 85–86</ref>
Alongside licensed merchandise came [[counterfeit consumer goods|counterfeit]] items bearing Temple's likeness to capitalize on her fame, from dolls, clothing, and other accessories to even cigars with her face printed on the label.<ref name="BlackP86">Black 86</ref> Temple lamented in her memoirs that it "made no economic sense" to pursue litigation against those who made unlicensed goods under her name; a successful lawsuit was filed by [[Ideal Toy Company]] against a certain Lenora Doll Company, which manufactured and sold Shirley Temple dolls without authorization, with Temple herself cited as a co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status.<ref name="BlackP105">Black 105</ref> {{clear}}
==Speculations and rumors== At the height of her popularity, Temple was the subject of many speculations and rumors, with several being propagated by the Fox press department. Fox publicized her as a natural talent with no formal acting or dance training. As a way of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan School of Dancing.<ref name="skills">{{cite book|last=Black|first=Shirley Temple|title=Child Star: An Autobiography|year=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp_0/page/n52 39]–41|url=https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp_0|url-access=registration}}</ref>
False claims circulated that Temple was not a child, but a 30-year-old dwarf, due in part to her stocky body type. Temple claimed in her autobiography that the [[Holy See|Vatican]] dispatched Father Silvio Masante to investigate whether she was indeed a child; no further evidence was given to corroborate her claim as newspapers of the time simply reported that she was interviewed by the priest who worked as a correspondent for the ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 1937 |title=Sunday Times Signal from Zanesville, Ohio |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1045230142/ |access-date=March 4, 2026 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth led some people to conclude that she had all her adult teeth. Temple was actually losing her [[Deciduous teeth|primary teeth]] regularly through her days with Fox—for example, during the sidewalk ceremony in front of Grauman's Theatre, where she took off her shoes and placed her bare feet in the concrete, taking attention away from her face. When acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide the gaps in her teeth.<ref name="skills2">{{cite book|last=Black|first=Shirley Temple|title=Child Star: An Autobiography|year=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp_0/page/n85 72]–73|url=https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp_0|url-access=registration}}</ref> Another rumor said her teeth had been filed to make them appear like baby teeth.<ref name="Lindeman">{{cite web|url=http://richmondthenandnow.com/Newspaper-Articles/Shirley-Temple.html|title=The Real Miss Temple|last=Lindeman|first=Edith|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|access-date=May 15, 2014|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307233242/http://richmondthenandnow.com/Newspaper-Articles/Shirley-Temple.html|archive-date=March 7, 2015}}</ref>
A rumor about Temple's [[Trademark look|trademark]] hair was that she wore a wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test the rumor. She later said she wished all she had to do was wear a wig, bemoaning the nightly process she had to endure in the setting of her curls as tedious and grueling, with weekly vinegar rinses that stung her eyes.<ref name="skills3">{{cite book|last=Black|first=Shirley Temple|title=Child Star: An Autobiography|year=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp_0/page/n81 68]–69|url=https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp_0|url-access=registration}}</ref>
Rumors spread that her hair color was not naturally blonde. During the making of ''Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm'', news spread that she was going to do extended scenes without her trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss a couple of days. As a result, a false report originated in Britain that all of her hair had been cut off.<ref name="Lindeman"/>
==Diplomatic career==
[[File:President Richard Nixon and U.S. Ambassador to Ghana Shirley Temple Black and Major General Brent Scowcroft, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs - DPLA - e3d0c53b2e25a25f022af55a19f1869a.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Shirley Temple with President [[Richard Nixon]] and [[National Security Advisor]] [[Brent Scowcroft]] in the [[Oval Office]], February 1974]]
Temple became active in the [[California Republican Party]]. In 1967, she ran unsuccessfully in a [[California's 11th congressional district#1967 (Special)|special election]] in [[California's 11th congressional district]] after eight-term Republican [[J. Arthur Younger]] died of [[leukemia]].<ref>Edwards 243ff</ref><ref>Windeler 80ff</ref> She ran in the open primary as a conservative Republican and came in second with 34,521 votes (22.44%), behind Republican law school professor [[Pete McCloskey]], who placed first in the primary with 52,882 votes (34.37%) and advanced to the general election with Democrat Roy A. Archibald, who finished fourth with 15,069 votes (9.79%), but advanced as the highest-placed Democratic candidate. In the general election, McCloskey was elected with 63,850 votes (57.2%) to Archibald's 43,759 votes (39.2%). Temple received 3,938 votes (3.53%) as an independent write-in.<ref>{{cite web |last=Howell |first=Sean |date=July 1, 2009 |title=Documentary salutes Pete McCloskey |url=http://www.almanacnews.com/print/story/2009/07/01/documentary-salutes-pete-mccloskey |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232601/http://www.almanacnews.com/print/story/2009/07/01/documentary-salutes-pete-mccloskey |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=February 12, 2014 |work=The Almanac Online |publisher=Embarcadero Publishing Co.}}</ref><ref name=LATimes2012>{{cite news|last=Romney|first=Lee|title=Between two public servants, Purple Heart-felt admiration|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2012-jun-11-la-me-purple-heart-20120611-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615061118/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jun/11/local/la-me-purple-heart-20120611|archive-date=June 15, 2012|url-status=live|date=June 11, 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Mrs. Nixon attends a ceremony in Ghana - NARA - 194403.tif|thumb|right|Temple (far left) with First Lady [[Pat Nixon]], and Chief Nana Osae Djan II, in Ghana, 1972]]
Temple was extensively involved with the [[Commonwealth Club of California]], a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke at many meetings throughout the years, and was president for a period in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hoohila.stanford.edu/commonwealth/speakerView.php?speakerID=1316|title=Commonwealth Club Radio Program Collection|access-date=March 5, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306013248/http://hoohila.stanford.edu/commonwealth/speakerView.php?speakerID=1316|archive-date=March 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthclub.org/node/82358|title=In Memoriam: Shirley Temple Black|publisher=commonwealthclub.org|access-date=November 13, 2014|archive-date=March 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309102413/http://www.commonwealthclub.org/node/82358|url-status=live}}</ref>
Temple got her start in foreign service after her failed run for [[United States Congress|Congress]] in 1967, when [[Henry Kissinger]] overheard her talking about [[South West Africa]] at a party. He was surprised that she knew anything about it.<ref name="Joshua">Joshua Keating, [http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/02/11/shirley_temple_black_s_unlikely_diplomatic_career.html "Shirley Temple Black's Unlikely Diplomatic Career: Including an Encounter with Frank Zappa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505144012/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/02/11/shirley_temple_black_s_unlikely_diplomatic_career.html |date=May 5, 2014 }}, ''Slate'', February 11, 2014.</ref> She was appointed as a delegate to the 24th [[United Nations General Assembly]] (September – December 1969) by President [[Richard M. Nixon]]<ref name="NYTObit"/><ref>Edwards 356</ref><ref>Windeler 85</ref> and [[United States Ambassador to Ghana]] (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President [[Gerald R. Ford]].<ref name="EdwardsP357">Edwards 357</ref> She was appointed first female [[Chief of Protocol of the United States]] (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977).<ref name="EdwardsP357"/><ref>Windeler 105</ref>
In 1976, Temple was considered a [[1976 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection|potential running mate]] to Gerald Ford in [[1976 United States presidential election|that year's presidential election]]. While staying in [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] for the [[1976 Republican National Convention|Republican National Convention]], Temple and her husband were given a room with a White House telephone in it. Temple recalled that she speculated to her husband that the phone had been installed as Ford was about to ask her to be his running mate at the convention; however, the phone was disconnected.<ref>{{cite book |last=Edwards, Anne |year=1988 |title=Shirley Temple: American Princess |publisher=William Morrow and Company, Inc. |page = 341 |isbn=978-0-688-06051-0}}</ref> [[Bob Dole]] was instead chosen as the Vice Presidential nominee.
Temple had hoped after [[Ronald Reagan]]'s victory in the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 presidential election]] that she would be given a cabinet position or another ambassadorship. Reagan did send Temple as his representative to [[Paris]] as part of [[First inauguration of Ronald Reagan|American inaugural]] celebrations abroad; however, she was not given any new posting during the Reagan administration. Writer [[Anne Edwards]] suggested that this was because Temple had supported Reagan's rival, [[George H. W. Bush]], in the [[1980 Republican Party presidential primaries|1980 Republican primaries]]. When rumors circulated that Reagan was planning to reappoint Temple as chief of protocol after [[Lenore Annenberg]]'s resignation, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".<ref>{{cite book |last=Edwards, Anne |year=1988 |title=Shirley Temple: American Princess |publisher=William Morrow and Company, Inc. |page = 351 |isbn=978-0-688-06051-0}}</ref>
She served as the [[United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia]] (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having been appointed by President [[George H. W. Bush]],<ref name="Thomas;Scheftel">Thomas; Scheftel</ref> and was the first and only woman in this job. Temple bore witness to two crucial moments in the history of Communist Czechoslovakia. She was in Prague in August 1968, as a representative of the International Federation of [[Multiple Sclerosis]] Societies, and was going to meet with Czechoslovak party leader [[Alexander Dubček]] on the very day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the country. Dubček fell out of favor with the Soviets after a series of reforms, known as the [[Prague Spring]]. Temple, who was stranded at a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge on the roof of the hotel. She later reported that it was from there she saw an unarmed woman on the street gunned down by Soviet forces, the sight of which stayed with her for the rest of her life.<ref>{{cite news |first=Craig R. |last=Whitney |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/11/world/prague-journal-shirley-temple-black-unpacks-a-bag-of-memories.html |title=Prague Journal: Shirley Temple Black Unpacks a Bag of Memories |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816111648/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/11/world/prague-journal-shirley-temple-black-unpacks-a-bag-of-memories.html |archive-date=August 16, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 11, 1989}}</ref>
Later, after she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during the [[Velvet Revolution]], which brought about the end of communism in Czechoslovakia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kenealy |first=Andrew |date=2024 |title=The Velvet Revolution's Best Supporting Actors: Shirley Temple Black and U.S. Embassy Prague, 19891 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01191 |journal=Journal of Cold War Studies |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=50–81 |doi=10.1162/jcws_a_01191 |issn=1520-3972|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Temple openly sympathized with anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.<ref name=":0"/> She was ambassador when the United States established formal diplomatic relations with the newly elected government led by [[Václav Havel]]. She took the unusual step of personally accompanying Havel on his first official visit to Washington, traveling on the same plane.<ref name="Joshua"/>
==Personal life== [[File:Shirley Temple with her daughter Linda Susan, May 1948.jpg|thumb|upright|Shirley Temple with her daughter Linda Susan (1948)]] In 1943, 15-year-old Temple met 22-year-old [[John Agar]], whom she married two years later in 1945, at age 17.<ref name="EdwardsP355">Edwards 355</ref><ref>Edwards 169</ref><ref>Windeler 54</ref> She gave birth to Linda Susan Agar in 1948.<ref name="EdwardsP355"/><ref>Black 419–421</ref><ref name="WindelerP68">Windeler 68</ref> Agar was reportedly an alcoholic and had extramarital affairs. Temple divorced Agar in 1950 on the grounds of mental cruelty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ranker.com/list/tragic-shirley-temple-stories/rob-chirico|title=Though She Suffered Abuse, Shirley Temple's Story Is A Model Of Child Star Resilience|website=Ranker|access-date=January 16, 2023|archive-date=March 6, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306133905/https://www.ranker.com/list/tragic-shirley-temple-stories/rob-chirico|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1950, in Hawaii, Temple met [[Charles Alden Black]] at a cocktail party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charles Black, the man behind Shirley Temple |url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Charles-Black-the-man-behind-Shirley-Temple-2649285.php |access-date=February 21, 2025 |work=[[sfgate.com]] |date=August 9, 2005 |archive-date=April 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405033853/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Charles-Black-the-man-behind-Shirley-Temple-2649285.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Temple was married to Black from 1950 until his death on August 4, 2005.<ref>Dawicki 2005</ref> They had a son, Charles Alden Black Jr., and a daughter, [[Lori Black|Lori]], who became a bassist for the rock band the [[Melvins]].
At age 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer. At the time, cancer was not typically discussed openly, and Temple's public disclosure was a significant milestone in improving [[breast cancer awareness]] and reducing stigma around the disease.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gp9aMBieClMC|title=Bathsheba's Breast: Women, Cancer and History|last=Olson|first=James Stuart|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8018-6936-5|location=Baltimore|pages=124–144|oclc=186453370|access-date=March 12, 2019|archive-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819112252/https://books.google.com/books?id=gp9aMBieClMC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WaPo">{{cite news |last=Levy |first=Claudia |author-link=Claudia Levy |title=Shirley Temple Black, actress and diplomat, dies at 85 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/shirley-temple-black-actress-and-diplomat-dies-at-85/2014/02/11/03b99f88-930c-11e3-83b9-1f024193bb84_story.html |access-date=December 15, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 11, 2014 |archive-date=December 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207223313/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/shirley-temple-black-actress-and-diplomat-dies-at-85/2014/02/11/03b99f88-930c-11e3-83b9-1f024193bb84_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Death== Temple died at age 85 on February 10, 2014, at her home in [[Woodside, California]].<ref name=bbc021114>{{cite news|title=Hollywood star Shirley Temple dies|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-26135627|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211150131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-26135627|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=reuters20140211>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shirley-temple-idUSBREA1A0LD20140211|title=Shirley Temple, former Hollywood child star, dies at 85|work=Reuters|access-date=February 11, 2014|date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411125855/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shirley-temple-idUSBREA1A0LD20140211|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WaPo"/> The cause of death, according to her death certificate released on March 3, 2014, was [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bY3DwAAQBAJ&q=shirley+temple+black+death+certificate&pg=PP17|title=Shirley Temple Biography: The 'Perfect Life' of the Child Star Shirley Temple During the Great Depression|last=Dicker|first=Chris|publisher=Chris Dicker|language=en|access-date=October 28, 2020|archive-date=September 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909152435/https://books.google.com/books?id=5bY3DwAAQBAJ&q=shirley+temple+black+death+certificate&pg=PP17|url-status=live}}</ref> Temple was a lifelong cigarette smoker but avoided displaying her habit in public because she did not want to set a bad example for her fans.<ref>{{cite web|title=40 Rare Vintage Photos of Shirley Temple at Home|last=Stefanie Waldek|url=https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/entertainment/g40064730/shirley-temple-home-photos/|publisher=Good Housekeeping|date=May 25, 2022|access-date=February 25, 2025|archive-date=May 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512142603/https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/entertainment/g40064730/shirley-temple-home-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Very rare photograph of Shirley Temple smoking|author=celluloidandthecity|date=May 28, 2024|url=https://www.threads.net/@celluloidandthecity/post/C7hqUe_NqSC?hl=en|website=threads.net|access-date=February 25, 2025}}</ref>{{User-generated inline|date=April 2025}} She is buried at [[Alta Mesa Memorial Park]].
==Awards, honors, and legacy== [[File:Shirley Temple 1998.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Temple wearing the Kennedy Center Honors, 1998]] On March 14, 1935, Shirley left her footprints and handprints in the wet cement at the forecourt of [[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]] in Hollywood. She was the [[Grand Marshal]] of the New Year's Day [[Rose Parade]] in [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], California, three times in 1939, 1989, and 1999. On February 8, 1960, she received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].
In 1970, she received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=achievement.org |publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]] |url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/ |access-date=September 20, 2020 |archive-date=December 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215023909/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Photo: Screen legend Shirley Temple Black with 3-time Heavy Weight Boxing Champion of the World Muhammad Ali at a reception.|publisher= [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]]|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/|access-date= September 20, 2020|archive-date= August 6, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200806042622/https://achievement.org/our-history/|url-status= live}}</ref> In February 1980, Temple was honored by the [[Freedoms Foundation]] of [[Valley Forge, Pennsylvania]].<ref>"Tom Abraham to be honored by Freedoms Foundation Feb. 22", ''Canadian Record'', February 14, 1980, p. 19</ref> In 1975, Temple was installed as an honorary deputy [[Ghanaian chieftaincy|paramount chief]] of the [[Cape Coast, Ghana|Oguaa people]] of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/110731/|website=britishpathe.com|title=Ghana|access-date=October 29, 2023|archive-date=July 21, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250721103728/https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/110731/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1998, she received the Kennedy Center Honor for her achievement in film.<ref>Child Star. McGraw-Hill. 1998. ISBN 978-0-07-005532-2</ref>
Her name is further immortalized by the [[Shirley Temple (drink)|mocktail named after her]], although Temple found the drink far too sweet for her palate.<ref name=Barclay>{{cite web |last=Barclay |first=Eliza |title=Thank You, Shirley Temple, For The Original 'Mocktail' |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/02/11/275351771/thank-you-shirley-temple-for-the-original-mocktail |website=NPR.org |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201205095858/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/02/11/275351771/thank-you-shirley-temple-for-the-original-mocktail |archive-date=December 5, 2020 |language=en |date=February 11, 2014 |url-status=live |quote=those were created in the 1930s by the [[Hollywood Brown Derby|Brown Derby Restaurant in Hollywood]], and I had nothing to do with it.}}</ref><ref name=Scott>{{cite interview |first=Shirley Temple |last=Black |interviewer=Simon, Scott |title=nprchives |url=https://nprchives.tumblr.com/post/76356346354/i-realize-this-isnt-from-1984-but-wanted-to-post |publisher=tumblr.com |date=February 11, 2014 |access-date=January 30, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200521235202/https://nprchives.tumblr.com/post/76356346354/i-realize-this-isnt-from-1984-but-wanted-to-post |archive-date=May 21, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{User-generated inline|date=April 2025}} In 1988, Temple brought a lawsuit to prevent a bottled soda version from using her name.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/6659/shirley-temple-drink/ |title=Inside the Shirley Temple: How Did the Mocktail Get Its Name? |magazine=Time|language=en|access-date=February 9, 2020 |last=Rothman |first=Lily |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020022651/https://time.com/6659/shirley-temple-drink/ |archive-date=October 20, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bishop|first=Katherine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/28/us/the-law-shirley-temple-celebrity-or-generic-term.html |title=THE LAW; Shirley Temple: Celebrity or Generic Term?|date=October 28, 1988|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 9, 2020 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200918210422/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/28/us/the-law-shirley-temple-celebrity-or-generic-term.html |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On June 9, 2021, Temple was featured on that day's [[Google Doodle]] in celebration of the opening anniversary of "Love, Shirley Temple" a special exhibit featuring a collection of her rare memorabilia at Santa Monica History Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 9, 2021|title=Shirley Temple: Google Doodle Celebrates American Actor, Singer, Dancer, and Diplomat Shirley 'Little Miss Miracle' Temple with Creative Animation {{!}} 🛍️ LatestLY|url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/lifestyle/shirley-temple-google-doodle-celebrates-american-actor-singer-dancer-and-diplomat-shirley-little-miss-miracle-temple-with-creative-animation-2531996.html|access-date=June 8, 2021|website=LatestLY|language=en|archive-date=June 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608194434/https://www.latestly.com/socially/lifestyle/shirley-temple-google-doodle-celebrates-american-actor-singer-dancer-and-diplomat-shirley-little-miss-miracle-temple-with-creative-animation-2531996.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
On October 30, 2025, the Temple family estate announced that veteran producer Marty Tudor acquired the film, television and stage rights to produce works based on Shirley's life and career. Also included in the acquisition were the rights to two unpublished autobiographies by Temple which are to be published posthumously.<ref name="tudor">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=October 30, 2025 |title=Shirley Temple Rights Across Film, TV, Stage & More Acquired By Producer Marty Tudor |url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/shirley-temple-marty-tudor-1236601990/ |access-date=October 31, 2025 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=October 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030191947/https://deadline.com/2025/10/shirley-temple-marty-tudor-1236601990/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Filmography== {{Main|Shirley Temple filmography}}
==See also== {{Portal|Film|Politics}} * [[List of American former child actors]] * [[List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees]]
== Notes == {{Notelist}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
=== Bibliography === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Balio, Tino |year=1995 |orig-year=1993 |title=Grand Design: Hollywood as a Modern Business Enterprise, 1930–1939 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20334-1}} * {{cite book |last=Barrios, Richard |year=1995 |title=A Song in the Dark: The Birth of the Musical Film |url=https://archive.org/details/songindarkbirtho00barr |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-508810-6}} * {{cite book |last=Black, Shirley Temple |year=1989 |orig-year=1988 |title=Child Star: An Autobiography |publisher=Warner Books, Inc. |isbn=978-0-446-35792-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/childstarautobio00temp}}, primary source * {{cite book |last=Burdick, Loraine |year=2003 |title=The Shirley Temple Scrapbook |publisher=Jonathan David Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-0-8246-0449-3}} * {{cite web |last=Dawicki, Shelley |date=August 10, 2005 |title=In Memoriam: Charles A. Black |publisher=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |url=http://www.whoi.edu/mr/obit/viewArticle.do?id=6300&pid=6300 |access-date=February 10, 2011 |archive-date=October 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023200305/http://www.whoi.edu/mr/obit/viewArticle.do?id=6300&pid=6300 |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Edwards, Anne |year=1988 |title=Shirley Temple: American Princess |publisher=William Morrow and Company, Inc. |isbn=978-0-688-06051-0}} * Kasson, John F. (2015) "Black, Shirley Temple" ''American National Biography'' (2015) [https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803898 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514052326/https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1803898 |date=May 14, 2020 }} * Hatch, Kristen. (2015) ''Shirley Temple and the Performance of Girlhood'' (Rutgers University Press, 2015) x, 173 pp. * {{cite magazine |date=September 16, 1946 |title=Tempest Over Temple: Shirley sips liquor and the W.C.T.U. protests |magazine=Life |volume=21 |issue=12 |page=140}} * {{Cite book |last=Temple Black |first=Shirley |title=Child Star: An Autobiography |isbn=9780816147830 |date=1988 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Publishing Company |location=New York}} * {{cite book |last1=Thomas, Andy |last2=Scheftel, Jeff |year=1996 |title=Shirley Temple: The Biggest Little Star |series=Biography |publisher=A&E Television Networks |isbn=978-0-7670-8495-6}} * {{cite book |last=Windeler, Robert |year=1992 |orig-year=1978 |title=The Films of Shirley Temple |publisher=Carol Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8065-0725-5}} * {{cite book |editor=Zipes, Jack |year=2000 |title=The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000zipe |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-9653635-7-0}} {{refend}} == Further reading == {{refbegin|35em}} * {{cite book |last=Basinger, Jeanine |year=1993 |title=A Woman's View: How Hollywood Spoke to Women, 1930–1960 |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |pages=262ff |isbn=978-0-394-56351-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/womansviewhowhol00basi |url-access=registration}} * Best, Marc (1971). ''Those Endearing Young Charms: Child Performers of the Screen''. South Brunswick and New York: Barnes & Co. pp. 251–255. * {{cite book |last=Bogle, Donald |year=2001 |orig-year=1974 |title=Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films |publisher=The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/tomscoonsmulatto0004bogl/page/n74 45]–52 |isbn=978-0-8264-1267-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/tomscoonsmulatto0004bogl |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Cook, James W. |last2=Glickman, Lawrence B. |last3=O'Malley, Michael |year=2008 |title=The Cultural Turn in U.S. History: Past, Present, and Future |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=186ff |isbn=978-0-226-11506-1}} * Dye, David (1988). ''Child and Youth Actors: Filmography of Their Entire Careers, 1914–1985''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., pp. 227–228. * {{cite journal |url=http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC02folder/shirleytemple.html |last=Everett, Charles |year=2004 |orig-year=1974 |title=Shirley Temple and the House of Rockefeller |journal=Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media |issue=2 |pages=1, 17–20 |access-date=November 18, 2009 |archive-date=August 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803165832/http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC02folder/shirleytemple.html |url-status=live}} * Kasson, John F. ''The Little Girl Who Fought the Great Depression: Shirley Temple and 1930s America'' (2014) [https://www.amazon.com/Little-Girl-Fought-Great-Depression/dp/0393240797/ Excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316202846/http://www.amazon.com/Little-Girl-Fought-Great-Depression/dp/0393240797 |date=March 16, 2016 }} * Minott, Rodney G. ''The Sinking of the Lollipop: Shirley Temple vs. Pete McCloskey'' (1968). * {{cite book |editor=Thomson, Rosemarie Garland |year=1996 |title=Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body |publisher=New York University Press |pages=185–203 |isbn=978-0-8147-8217-0}} {{refend}}
== External links == {{Commons}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{find a Grave}} * [http://iversonmovieranch.blogspot.com/2011/12/wee-willie-winkie-and-shirley-temple.html ''Wee Willie Winkie'' at the Iverson Movie Ranch] * Norwood, Arlisha. [https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/shirley-temple "Shirley Temple"]. National Women's History Museum. 2017.
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