Fujiwara Shiki-ke

{{Infobox Japanese clan |surname = Fujiwara |surname nihongo = 藤原 (式家) |image = File:Japanese_crest_Sagari_Fuji.svg |caption = ''Mon'': ''Sagarifuji'' |home province = Yamato Province |parent house =Fujiwara clan |titles =Various |founder =Fujiwara no Umakai |final ruler = |current head = |founding year =8th century |dissolution = |ruled until = |cadet branches = }}

The {{nihongo|'''Fujiwara Shiki-ke'''|藤原式家||lit. ''Fujiwara ceremonials house''}} was a cadet branch of the Fujiwara clan of Japan.

== History == It was founded by Fujiwara no Umakai,<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 211|page=211}}.</ref> i.e., one of the four great houses of the Fujiwara, founded by the so-called {{Interlanguage link multi|Fujiwara Four|2=ja|3=藤原四兄弟|preserve=1}}, who were sons of Fujiwara no Fuhito.<ref>{{cite book|last=Naoki|first=Kōjirō|contribution=4. The Nara state|title=The Cambridge History of Japan: Ancient Japan|volume=1|editor-last=Hall|editor-first=John W. |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1993|format=preview|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3_6lp8IOK8C&pg=PA248|pages=248–|isbn=9780521223522}}</ref>

The epithet {{nihongo|''Shiki-ke''|式家}} derives from the fact that the founder Umakai held the office of {{nihongo|''Shikibu-kyō''|式部卿}}, or the head of the {{nihongo|''Shikibu-shō''|式部省||"Ministry of Ceremonial"}}.<ref name=brinkley>Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 203.|page=203}}; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (''nan'') of the capital, was called ''Nan-ke''; Fusazaki's, being in the north (''hoku''), was termed ''Hoku-ke''; Umakai's was spoken of as ''Shiki-ke'', since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (''Shiki''), and Maro's went by the name of ''Kyō-ke'', this term also having reference to his office."</ref><ref>''Jinnō Shōtōki'' (14th century), under Emperor Mommu: {{cite book|editor-last=武笠|editor-first=三 |script-title=ja:神皇正統記, 讀史餘論, 山陽史論 |publisher=有朋堂書店|year=1914|url=https://archive.org/details/jinnoshotoki00kitauoft|page=[https://archive.org/details/jinnoshotoki00kitauoft/page/64 64]|quote=三門は式部卿宇合の龍、式家といふ |title=Jinno shotoki }}</ref> Thus, ''Shiki-ke'' may be translated the "Ceremonials House."<ref name=mccollough026>{{cite book|last=McCullough|first=William H.|contribution=Chapter 2: The Capital and its Society|editor-last1= Hall|editor-first1=John Whitney|editor-last2= Shively|editor-first2=Donald H.|editor-last3=McCullough|editor-first3=William H.|editor-link1=John Whitney Hall|editor-link2=Donald H. Shively|title=The Cambridge History of Japan|volume=2|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1999|format=preview |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eiTWWfoyuyAC&pg=PA26|page=26|isbn=9780521550284}}</ref>

The other branches were the Fujiwara Nan-ke (the eldest brother Muchimaro's line), Fujiwara Hok-ke (Fusasaki's line), and the Fujiwara Kyō-ke (Fujiwara no Maro's line).<ref name=brinkley/>

Umakai's son {{Interlanguage link multi|Fujiwara no Hirotsugu{{!}}Hirotsugu|2=ja|3=藤原広嗣|preserve=1}} mounted a rebellion named after his name in 740, which ended with suppression and his death, spelling ill-fortune for the Shikike.<ref>Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 211|page=211}}</ref> The Nanke then gained hegemony again (back from the non-Fujiwara Tachibana no Moroe) until Nakamaro mounted his own uprising.

Shikike came into ascendancy with Fujiwara no Momokawa.<ref name=mccollough026/> The notorious {{Interlanguage link multi|Fujiwara no Kusuko|2=ja|3=藤原薬子|preserve=1}} who enticed and held sway over Emperor Heizei is also of the Shikike clan.<ref>{{Harvnb|McCullough|1999|pp=33–5}}</ref>

==See also== * ''Gosanke''

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==References== * Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). ''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era.'' New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/413099 OCLC 413099] * Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]

Category:Fujiwara Shiki-ke * Category:Japanese clans Category:Japanese noble families