{{Short description|Type of glass for drinking wine, most often stemware}} {{use dmy dates |date=October 2023}} [[File:Twisted stem glass.JPG|thumb|right|Pair of [[Eighteenth-century English drinking glasses|18th century]] opaque twist stem glasses]] A '''wine glass''' is a type of [[Glass (drinkware)|glass]] that is used for drinking or [[wine tasting|tasting]] [[wine]]. Most wine glasses are [[stemware]] (goblets), composed of three parts: the bowl, stem, and foot. There are a wide variety of slightly different shapes and sizes, some considered especially suitable for particular types of wine.
Some authors recommend that one hold the glass by the stem, to avoid warming the wine and smudging the bowl;<ref name="CechSchacht2005"/> alternately, for red wine it may be good to add some warmth.
Before "glass" became adopted as a word for a [[glass]] drinking vessel, a usage first recorded in English c. 1382, wine was drunk from a '''wine cup''', of which there were a [[Cup#History|huge variety of shapes over history, in many different materials]]. Wine cups in precious metals remained in use until the [[Early Modern period]], but as [[History of glass#Modern glass production|glass got better and cheaper]], were generally replaced everywhere except in churches, where [[chalice]]s are still normally in metal. In wealthy homes in England, glasses replaced silver wine cups of very similar size and shape in the 1600s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wees |first1=Beth Carver |chapter=Pair of Wine Cups |pages=64–65 |chapter-url={{GBurl|kIdMik92xOMC|p=64}} |title=English, Irish, & Scottish Silver at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute |date=1997 |publisher=Hudson Hills |isbn=978-1-55595-117-7 }}</ref>
==Shapes== [[File:Verres à vin.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Variety of shapes of wine glasses and flutes]] Studies have shown that the shape of wine glasses has an influence on the aroma and, therefore, the overall flavor of wines. However, the effect of glass shape on the taste of wine, defined as the sensations of sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781439814925 |title=Food Flavors |date=2011-10-25 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4398-1492-5 |editor-last=Jelen |editor-first=Henryk |edition=0 |language=en |doi=10.1201/b11187}}</ref> has not been demonstrated decisively by any scientific study and remains a matter of debate. Arakawa et al suggest that the shape of the glass is important, as it concentrates the flavour and [[aroma of wine|aroma]] (or bouquet) to emphasize the [[varietal]]'s characteristic.<ref name="Arakawa Iitani sniffer-camera"/><ref name="Newton Wine Snobs Are Right"/> One common belief is that the shape of the glass directs the wine itself into the best area of the mouth for the varietal.<ref name="Zwerdling2004" /> The importance of wine glass shape could also be based on false ideas about the arrangement of different taste buds on the tongue, such as the discredited [[tongue map]].{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
Most wine glasses are [[stemware]], composed of three parts: the bowl, stem, and foot. In some designs, the opening of the glass is narrower than the widest part of the bowl to concentrate the aroma.<ref name="CechSchacht2005"/> Others are more open, like inverted cones. In addition, "stemless" wine glasses (tumblers) are available in a variety of sizes and shapes.<ref name="Asimov2017"/> The latter are typically used more casually than their traditional counterparts.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
According to the wine critic for ''[[The New York Times]]'', the bowl of the glass should be large enough to generously fill a quarter of the glass, it should be transparent, widest at the base and tapering inward to the rim to channel aromas upward.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asimov |first1=Eric |title=The Best Wine Glass for Any Occasion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/27/dining/drinks/best-wine-glasses.html |work=The New York Times |date=27 January 2022 |access-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
A 2003 study in Dresden found that the shape of a wine glass does have an impact on the perception of wine odors, in both red and white wines.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hummel |first1=T |last2=Delwiche |first2=J.F |last3=Schmidt |first3=C |last4=Hüttenbrink |first4=K.-B |title=Effects of the form of glasses on the perception of wine flavors: a study in untrained subjects |journal=Appetite |date=October 2003 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=197–202 |doi=10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00082-5 |pmid=14550318 }}</ref>
A 2015 study by Kohji Mitsubayashi of Tokyo Medical and Dental University and colleagues found that different glass shapes and temperatures can bring out completely different bouquets and finishes from the same wine. The scientists developed a camera system that images ethanol vapor escaping from a wine glass.<ref name="Arakawa Iitani sniffer-camera">{{cite journal |last1=Arakawa |first1=Takahiro |last2=Iitani |first2=Kenta |last3=Wang |first3=Xin |last4=Kajiro |first4=Takumi |last5=Toma |first5=Koji |last6=Yano |first6=Kazuyoshi |last7=Mitsubayashi |first7=Kohji |title=A sniffer-camera for imaging of ethanol vaporization from wine: the effect of wine glass shape |journal=The Analyst |date=2015 |volume=140 |issue=8 |pages=2881–2886 |doi=10.1039/c4an02390k |pmid=25756409 |bibcode=2015Ana...140.2881A }}</ref><ref name="Newton Wine Snobs Are Right">{{cite news |last1=Newton |first1=Jennifer |title=Wine Snobs Are Right: Glass Shape Does Affect Flavor |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/wine-snobs-are-right-glass-shape-does-affect-flavor/ |work=Scientific American |date=14 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rupp |first1=Rebecca |title=When It Comes to Wine Glasses, Size and Shape Matter |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/when-it-comes-to-wine-glasses-size-and-shape-matter |publisher=National Geographic |access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Templeton |first1=Lily |title=These Glasses Will Make Your Wine Taste Better |date=2 December 2023 |url=https://wwd.com/eye/lifestyle/josephinenhutte-kurt-josef-zalto-universal-glass-wine-better-taste-1235926359/ |publisher=WWD Women's Wear Daily |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref>
A 2023 study published in the journal of sensory studies found that aroma quality increased with a smaller cuppa height and a greater ratio between a wine glass' maximum diameter and opening.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bai |first=Yangyang |last2=Zhang |first2=Wang |last3=Li |first3=Yaole |last4=Tan |first4=Jingxi |last5=Han |first5=Fuliang |date=10 April 2023 |title=Glass volume or shape influence the aroma attributes of Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wine |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joss.12828 |journal=Journal of Sensory Studies |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/joss.12828 |issn=0887-8250|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Some common types of wine glasses are described below.
===Red wine glasses=== [[File:Red Wine Glass.jpg|100px|right]] Glasses for red wine are characterized by their rounder, wider bowl, which increases exposure to oxygen and promotes oxidation of phenolic compounds.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Russell |first=K. |last2=Zivanovic |first2=S. |last3=Morris |first3=W.C. |last4=Penfield |first4=M. |last5=Weiss |first5=J. |date=28 September 2005 |title=THE EFFECT OF GLASS SHAPE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND PERCEPTION OF MERLOT WINE |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2005.00041.x |journal=Journal of Food Quality |language=en |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=377–385 |doi=10.1111/j.1745-4557.2005.00041.x |issn=0146-9428|url-access=subscription }}</ref> As oxygen from the air chemically interacts with the wine, flavor and aroma are believed to be subtly altered. This process of oxidation is generally considered more compatible with red wines, whose complex flavours are said to be smoothed out after being exposed to air. According to a wine critic for ''[[Observer.com|Observer]]'', the wider opening can help enhance wine flavors and evaporate ethanol.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mulvey |first1=Kelsey |title=The Best Wine Glasses for Every Type of Vino, According to the Experts |date=8 November 2024 |url=https://observer.com/list/best-wine-glasses/ |publisher=Observer |access-date=10 November 2024}}</ref> Red wine glasses can have particular styles of their own, such as * '''Bordeaux glass''': tall with a broad bowl, and is designed for full bodied red wines like [[Cabernet Sauvignon]] and [[Syrah]] as it directs wine to the back of the mouth. * '''Burgundy glass''': broader than the Bordeaux glass, it has a bigger bowl to accumulate aromas of more delicate red wines such as [[Pinot noir]]. This style of glass directs wine to the tip of the tongue.<ref>Sweenie, J. (2023, February 20). The difference between Burgundy and Bordeaux wine glasses. Tasting Table. https://www.tastingtable.com/1205134/the-difference-between-burgundy-and-bordeaux-wine-glasses/</ref>
===White wine glasses=== [[File:White Wine Glas.jpg|100px|right]] White wine glasses vary enormously in size and shape, from the delicately tapered [[Champagne flute]], to the wide and shallow glasses used to drink Chardonnay. Different shaped glasses are used to accentuate the unique characteristics of different styles of wine. Wide-mouthed glasses function similarly to red wine glasses discussed above, promoting oxidation which is believed to alter the flavor of the wine. However, some studies have shown that phenolic oxidation in different wine glasses did not significantly affect flavor.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Russell |first=K. |last2=Zivanovic |first2=S. |last3=Morris |first3=W.C. |last4=Penfield |first4=M. |last5=Weiss |first5=J. |date=28 September 2005 |title=THE EFFECT OF GLASS SHAPE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND PERCEPTION OF MERLOT WINE |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2005.00041.x |journal=Journal of Food Quality |language=en |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=377–385 |doi=10.1111/j.1745-4557.2005.00041.x |issn=0146-9428|url-access=subscription }}</ref> White wines which are best served slightly oxidized are generally full-flavored wines, such as oaked chardonnay. For lighter, fresher styles of white wine, oxidation is less desirable as it is seen to mask the delicate nuances of the wine. {{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} To preserve a crisp, clean flavored wine, many white wine glasses will have a smaller mouth, which reduces surface area and in turn, the rate of oxidization. In the case of sparkling wine, such as Champagne or [[Asti (wine)|Asti]], an even smaller mouth is used to keep the wine sparkling longer in the glass. {{clear}}
===Champagne flutes=== {{Main|Champagne stemware}} [[File:Champagne flute and bottle.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|Champagne flute and bottle]] Champagne flutes are characterised by a long stem with a tall, narrow bowl on top. The shape is designed to keep [[sparkling wine]] desirable during its consumption. Just as with wine glasses, the flute is designed to be held by the stem to help prevent the heat from the hand from warming the liquid inside. The bowl itself is designed in a manner to help retain the signature carbonation in the beverage. This is achieved by reducing the surface area at the opening of the bowl. Additionally, the flute design adds to the aesthetic appeal of champagne, allowing the bubbles to travel further due to the narrow design, giving a more pleasant visual appeal.
===Sherry glass=== [[File:Copita-of-amontillado.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.4|A sherry copita]] [[File:Sherry_Glass_MET_DP241645.jpg|thumb|upright=0.4|A sherry glass]] A '''sherry glass''' or '''[[schooner (glass)|schooner]]''' is [[drinkware]] generally used for serving aromatic [[alcoholic beverage]]s, such as [[sherry]], [[port (wine)|port]], [[aperitif]]s, and [[liqueur]]s, and layered [[mixed drink shooters and drink shots|shooters]]. The ''copita'', with its aroma-enhancing narrow taper, is a type of sherry glass. {{clear}}
==Materials== High quality wine glasses once were made of [[lead glass]], which has a higher index of refraction and is heavier than ordinary glass, but health concerns regarding the ingestion of lead resulted in their being replaced by lead-free glass.<ref>[https://archive.cdph.ca.gov/PROGRAMS/CLPPB/Pages/CLPPB-QAtw.aspx Questions and Answers About Lead in Tableware] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906225703/https://archive.cdph.ca.gov/PROGRAMS/CLPPB/Pages/CLPPB-QAtw.aspx |date=2017-09-06 }}. California Department of Public Health</ref> Wine glasses, with the exception of the hock glass, are generally not coloured or frosted as doing so would diminish appreciation of the wine's colour.<ref name="CechSchacht2005"/> There used to be an [[ISO]] standard (ISO/PAS IWA 8:2009) for glass clarity and freedom from lead and other heavy metals, but it was withdrawn.<ref name="ISO">{{Cite web | title = IWA 8:2009 - Tableware, giftware, jewellery, luminaries -- Glass clarity -- Classification and test method | work = ISO | access-date = 2017-09-06 | url = https://www.iso.org/standard/54944.html }}</ref>
Some producers of high-end wine glasses such as Schott Zwiesel have pioneered methods of infusing [[titanium]] into the glass to increase its durability and reduce the likelihood of the glass breaking.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fish |first1=Tim |title=It's Just a Wineglass |url=https://www.winespectator.com/articles/its-just-a-wineglass-44751 |work=Wine Spectator |date=6 April 2011 }}</ref>
==Decoration== [[Cut glass]], [[engraved glass]] and [[enamelled glass]] techniques have been widely used for wine glasses. In the 18th century, glass makers would draw spiral patterns in the stem as they made the glass. If they used air bubbles it was called an airtwist; if they used threads, either white or coloured, it would be called opaque twist.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Clarke |first1=Michael |title=airtwist |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199569922.001.0001/acref-9780199569922-e-34 |editor1-last=Clarke |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Clarke |editor2-first=Deborah |encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms |date=2010 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199569922.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-956992-2 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Modern functional designs focus on aeration, such as glassmaker Kurt Josef Zalto's Josephinenhütte brand.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Udall |first1=Brian |title=The Cocoon Wine Glass Is The New Shape You Should Know About |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1642268/what-is-cocoon-wine-glass/ |website=Tasting Table |date=21 August 2024 |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref>
==ISO wine tasting glass== The [[International Organization for Standardization]] has a specification (ISO 3591:1977) for a wine-tasting glass. It consists of a cup (an "elongated egg") supported on a stem resting on a base.
[[File:Verre Inao.svg|thumb|INAO official wine tasting glass.]] The glass of reference is the [[INAO]] wine glass, a tool defined by specifications of the French Association for Standardization (AFNOR), which was adopted by INAO as the official glass in 1970, received its standard AFNOR in June 1971 and its ISO 3591 standard in 1972.<ref>{{cite web|title=Le verre ISO ou verre INAO|url=http://www.verres-a-vin.fr/2010/02/le-verre-iso-ou-verre-inao.html|website=verres-a-vin.fr|access-date=2016-12-12}}{{dead link|date=December 2025}}</ref> The INAO has not submitted a file at the National Institute of Industrial Property, it is therefore copied en masse and has gradually replaced other tasting glasses in the world.<ref>''Le verre et le vin de la cave à la table du |XVII à nos jours'' (Glass and Wine from the Cellar to the Table from the 17th century to the Present) Christophe Bouneau, Michel Figeac, 2007. Centre d'études des mondes moderne et contemporain. In French</ref>
The glass must be lead crystal (9% lead). Its dimensions give it a total volume between 210 [[Litre#SI prefixes applied to the litre|millilitres]] (mL) and 225 mL, they are defined as follows: *Diameter of the rim: 46 mm *Calyx height: 100 mm *Height of the foot: 55 mm *Shoulder diameter: 65 mm *Foot diameter: 9 mm *Diameter of the base: 65 mm The opening is narrower than the convex part so as to concentrate the bouquet. The capacity is approximately 215 ml, but it is intended to take a 50 ml pour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=9002 |title=ISO 3591:1977|publisher=ISO.org|access-date=2012-02-09}} (payment required)</ref> Some glasses of a similar shape, but with different capacities, may be loosely referred to as ISO glasses, but they form no part of the ISO specification.
==Measures in licensed premises== [[File:Wine glass fill line.jpg|thumb|right|In the EU, [[fill line]]s are legally required on commercial glassware as a consumer protection measure.]] {{Globalize|section|date=November 2018}} In the UK many publicans have moved from serving wine in the standard size of 125mL, towards the larger size of 250mL. A code of practice, introduced in 2010 as an extension to the [[Licensing Act 2003]], contains conditions for the sale of alcohol, including a requirement for customers to be informed that smaller measures are available.<ref>{{cite news|series=Wine |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/wine/10547001/Fight-for-your-right-to-a-smaller-glass-of-wine.html |title=Fight for your right to a smaller glass of wine |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |author=Victoria Moore |date=4 January 2014 |access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
In the United States, most [[List of alcohol laws of the United States|laws governing alcohol]] exist at the state level. Federal law does not provide any guidance on a standard pour size, but {{convert|5|USoz|ml|disp=flip}} is seen as typical for restaurants (one fifth of a standard 750 ml wine bottle), and with pour sizes for tastings typically being half as large.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vinepair.com/wine-blog/what-is-a-standard-pour-and-why-should-i-care/ |title=What is a Standard Pour and Why Should I Care? |work=Vinepair |date=28 February 2016 |access-date=16 June 2023 |first=Emily |last=Bell }}</ref>
==Capacity measure== As a supplemental unit of [[Apothecaries' system|apothecary measure]] and as a [[Cooking weights and measures|culinary measurement unit]], the '''wine glass''' (also known as ''wineglass'', ''wineglassful'' (pl. ''wineglassesful''), or ''cyathus vinarius'' in pharmaceutical Latin) is defined as 2 [[Fluid ounce|US customary fluid ounces]]<ref name="Thornton1901">{{cite book|author=Edward Quin Thornton|title=Dose-book and Manual of Prescription-writing|url=https://archive.org/details/dosebookandmanu00thorgoog|access-date=21 December 2011|year=1901|publisher=W.B. Saunders|page=[https://archive.org/details/dosebookandmanu00thorgoog/page/n22 20]}}</ref><ref name="Weeks-Shaw1808">{{cite book|author=Weeks-Shaw, Clara S. |title=A text-book of nursing: for the use of training schools, families, and private students|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vBttAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA108|access-date=21 December 2011|year=1808|publisher=D. Appleton|page=108}}</ref> ({{sfrac|1|8}} of a [[Pint#US liquid pint|US customary pint]]; about 2·08 British imperial fluid ounces or 59·15mL) in the US and 2 [[Fluid ounce|British imperial fluid ounces]]<ref name="fn24">[https://www.victorianschool.co.uk/ebooks/enquire%20within/10766-h/10766-h.htm#p665 Paragraph 665], page 119, ''Enquire Within Upon Everything'' (1894)</ref><ref>{{cite book |page=11 |url=https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/1262/7738/126277384.23.pdf |title=The Feill Cookery Book |date=1907 }}</ref> ({{sfrac|1|10}} of a [[Pint#Imperial pint|British imperial pint]]; about 1·92 US customary fluid ounces or 56·83mL) in the UK. An older version (before c. 1800) was 1{{sfrac|2}} fluid ounces.<ref name="James1747">{{cite book|author=James, Robert |title=Pharmacopoeia universalis: or, A new universal English dispensatory. Containing. An account of all the natural and artificial implements and instruments of pharmacy, together with the processes and operations, whereby changes are induced in natural bodies for medicinal purposes .. With a copious index to the whole |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MaI4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA623|access-date=21 December 2011|year=1747|publisher=Printed for J. Hodges and J. Wood|page=623}}</ref> These units bear little relation to the capacity of most contemporary wineglasses (based on {{sfrac|6}} bottle, or 125mL; about 4·40 British imperial fluid ounces or 4·23 US customary fluid ounces) or to the ancient Roman cyathus (about 45mL, 1·58 British imperial fluid ounces, or 1·52 US customary fluid ounces).
In the UK, the wine glass, the [[Tumbler (glass)#Culinary measurement unit|tumbler]] (10 British imperial fluid ounces),<ref name="fn24"/><ref>{{cite book |page=14 |url=https://public-content.library.mcgill.ca/digitization/978-1-926671-88-8.pdf |title=Good Things in England |date=1932 }}</ref> the [[breakfast cup]] (8 British imperial fluid ounces),<ref name="fn28">{{cite news |url=http://spprd.insec.netcopy.thompsonjames.co.uk/article/15th-march-1963/29/consuming-interest |title=Measure for Measure |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207142202/http://spprd.insec.netcopy.thompsonjames.co.uk/article/15th-march-1963/29/consuming-interest |archive-date=7 December 2024 |first1=Elizabeth |last1=David |author1-link=Elizabeth David |work=[[The Spectator]] |date=15 March 1963 |page=29 }}</ref><ref>‘Tea Making, My Experiments [1859]’, [https://galton.org/pearson/vol3/new/pearson-vol3b-ch17-1.pdf chapter XVII], page 456, volume IIIB, ''The Life, Letters and Labours of Francis Galton'' (1930)</ref> the [[Cup (unit)#British cup|cup]] (6 British imperial fluid ounces),<ref name="fn24"/> the [[Teacup (unit)|teacup]] (5 British imperial fluid ounces),<ref name="fn28"/> and the [[Coffee cup (unit)|coffee cup]] (2{{sfrac|1|2}} British imperial fluid ounces)<ref name="fn28"/> are the traditional British equivalents of the [[Cup (unit)#Customary cup|US customary cup]] and the [[Cup (unit)#Metric cup|metric cup]], used in situations where a US cook would use the US customary cup and a cook using metric units the metric cup. The breakfast cup is the most similar in size to the US customary cup and the metric cup. Which of these six units is used depends on the quantity or volume of the ingredient: there is division of labour between these six units, like the tablespoon and the teaspoon. British cookery books and recipes, especially those from the days before [[Metrication in the United Kingdom|the UK’s partial metrication]], commonly use two or more of the aforesaid units simultaneously: for example, the same recipe may call for a ‘tumblerful’ of one ingredient and a ‘wineglassful’ of another one; or a ‘breakfastcupful’ or ‘cupful’ of one ingredient, a ‘teacupful’ of a second one, and a ‘coffeecupful’ of a third one. Unlike the US customary cup and the metric cup, a tumbler, a breakfast cup, a cup, a teacup, a coffee cup, and a wine glass are not measuring cups: they are simply everyday drinking vessels commonly found in British households and typically having the respective aforementioned capacities; due to long‑term and widespread use, they have been transformed into measurement units for cooking. There is not a [[Imperial units|British imperial unit]]–based culinary measuring cup.
{| |1 wine glass |= | align="right" |2 |British imperial fluid ounces |- | |= | align="right" |{{sfrac|1|5}} |tumbler |- | |= | align="right" |{{sfrac|1|4}} |breakfast cup |- | |= | align="right" |{{sfrac|1|3}} |cup |- | |= | align="right" |{{sfrac|2|5}} |teacup |- | |= | align="right" |{{sfrac|4|5}} |coffee cup |- | |= | align="right" |{{sfrac|1|10}} |[[Pint#Imperial pint|British imperial pint]] |- | |≈ | align="right" |1·92 |[[Fluid ounce|US customary fluid ounces]] |- | |≈ | align="right" |0·24 |[[Cup (unit)#Customary cup|US customary cup]] |- | |≈ | align="right" |56·83 |[[Litre#SI prefixes applied to the litre|millilitres]] |- | |≈ | align="right" |0·23 |[[Cup (unit)#Metric cup|metric cup]] |}
==See also== * [[Decanter]] * [[Wine accessory]] * [[Glass harp]] * [[Tumbler (glass)#Culinary measurement unit]] * [[Breakfast cup]] * [[Cup (unit)#British cup]] * [[Teacup (unit)]] * [[Coffee cup (unit)]] * [[Cooking weights and measures]]
==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Asimov2017">{{Cite web | title = One Wine Glass to Rule Them All | last = Asimov | first = Eric | work = The New York Times | date = 2017-03-16 | access-date = 2017-09-06 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/16/dining/wine-glasses.html }}</ref> <ref name="Zwerdling2004">{{cite web | url = http://www.gourmet.com/magazine/2000s/2004/08/shattered_myths | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080324231832/http://www.gourmet.com/magazine/2000s/2004/08/shattered_myths | archive-date = 2008-03-24 | date = August 2004 | title = Shattered Myths | work = Gourmet Magazine | first = Daniel | last = Zwerdling }}</ref> <ref name="CechSchacht2005">{{cite book |last1=Cech |first1=Mary |last2=Schacht |first2=Jennie |title=The Wine Lover's Dessert Cookbook: Recipes and Pairings for the Perfect Glass of Wine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_iXh4lss_K4C&pg=PA32 |date=29 September 2005 |publisher=Chronicle Books |isbn=978-0-8118-4237-2 |pages=32–}}</ref> }}
==External links== {{commons category|Wine glasses}} * [http://www.thewinedoctor.com/advisory/technicalphenolics.shtml Scientific study on the shape of a wine glass and perception] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031341/http://www.thewinedoctor.com/advisory/technicalphenolics.shtml |date=16 December 2018 }}
{{Glassware}} {{Winemaking}}
[[Category:Drinking glasses]] [[Category:Wine accessories]] [[Category:Measurement]] [[Category:Units of volume]] [[Category:Imperial units]] [[Category:Cooking weights and measures]]