Şavşat

{{Infobox Turkey place | type = municipality | name = Şavşat | other_name = | image_skyline = {{multiple image | total_width = 300 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Şavşat1.JPG | alt1 = Şavşat | caption1 = A view of Şavşat | image2 = Tbeti,east1.jpg | alt2 = Tbeti Monastery | caption2 = [[Tbeti Monastery]] in [[Cevizli, Şavşat|Cevizli]] | image3 = Artvin Şavşat Karagöl'den Kaçkar dağları.jpg | alt3 = Karagöl-Sahara National Park | caption3 = [[Karagöl-Sahara National Park]] | image4 = Şavşat - Yavuzköy ve Düzenli Köyü.jpg | alt4 = Yavuzköy and Düzenli | caption4 = [[Yavuzköy, Şavşat|Yavuzköy]] and [[Düzenli, Şavşat|Düzenli]] | image5 = Şavşatta Sonbahar.jpg | alt5 = Şavşat in autumn | caption5 = Şavşat in autumn }} | image_caption = | image_shield = | coordinates = {{coord|41|14|36|N|42|21|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | province = Artvin | district = Şavşat | leader_party = [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]] | leader_name = Durmuş Aydin | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_m = 1174 | population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/> | population_total = 6048 | population_as_of = 2021 | postal_code = 08700 | area_code = | website = {{url|http://www.savsat.bel.tr/}} | blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank1_info = [[Humid continental climate#Mild/cool summer subtype|Dfb]] }} [[File:Meskheti map of VIII-X centuries (en).svg|thumb|Historical Shavsheti region in the 8th-10th centuries]] '''Şavşat''' ({{lang-ka|შავშეთი|tr}}) is a town in [[Artvin Province]] in the [[Black Sea Region|Black Sea]] region, between the cities of [[Artvin]] and [[Kars]] on the border with [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] at the far eastern end of [[Turkey]]. It is the seat of [[Şavşat District]].<ref name=ilce>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx İlçe Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.</ref> Its population is 6,048 (2021).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021|url=https://www.tuik.gov.tr/indir/duyuru/favori_raporlar.xlsx |access-date=30 January 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=tr |format=XLS}}</ref>

== History == According to Rayfield, in 790 BC, King Menua of Urartu invaded Shesheti in Kingdom of Diauehi, which is the Kartvelian province of Shavsheti.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rayfield|first=Donald|title=Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia|pages=17}}</ref>

In 387 this land was a part of [[Sasanian Iberia|Marzpan Iberia]] (vassal of Iran). After this, in IX century it was one of the [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] princedoms in the constellation of several polities which is conventionally known as [[Principality of Tao-Klarjeti|Tao-Klarjeti]] in Georgian. The princedom of Shavsheti included today's districts of Şavşat, [[Borçka]], and [[Murgul]] in Turkey and [[Machakheli|Lower Machakheli]] in [[Adjara]] (Georgia). The fortress above the town is primarily of Georgian construction and probably dates from the 9th century A.D., when it was rebuilt by [[Adarnase IV of Iberia|Adarnase I of Iberia]]. The site has an impressive circuit wall with strategically placed towers and rooms, including two small chapels. In 1983 the fortress was surveyed and three years later an accurate scaled plan and description were published.<ref>Robert W. Edwards, “The Fortifications of Artvin: A Second Preliminary Report on the Marchlands of Northeast Turkey,” ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers'' 40, 1986, pp.174-76, pls.31-43.</ref>

This lasted until it was conquered by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] in 1547.

Following the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)]] Şavşat was among the territories ceded to [[Russia]], and was returned to the new Republic of Turkey in 1921. It was briefly bounded to [[Ardahan Province]] between 27 February 1921 and 7 July 1921. People living in Şavşat and Imerkhevi are a mix of Georgians, Turkified Georgians, and ethnic Turks (both Ottoman settlers, and earlier Cuman-Kipchak Turks (settled during medieval Georgian kingdom as mercenaries).

== Geography == [[File:Şavşat Artvin.jpg|thumb|Şavşat, [[Artvin]]]] Like most districts of Artvin this is a beautiful hilly area surrounded by high mountains on all sides, including the {{convert|3537|m|adj=on}} Karçkal mountains to the west, and watered by many mountain streams and pools. There are trout in the largest, Şavşat Karagöl lake and a number of mineral water springs. The area has a cold inland climate, somewhat tempered by being above the [[Black Sea]] coast, but at these altitudes winter lasts a long time; it snows from November to April. The mountains are covered with pine forest, with some broadleaf forest at lower elevations.

In this landscape there is little agricultural land, no industry and the only real potential income is from tourism (people on trekking holidays), herding animals on the mountainside and beekeeping. There are some fruit trees (mainly pears and apples) and some potatoes are grown in the [[Çoruh River]] valley floor. Of the land area 13% can be planted while 27% is used for grazing, 42% is [[forest]] and 17% is high mountain.

The town of Şavşat is small (population about 6,000) and has few amenities.

== Climate == The climate in Şavşat is a [[Humid continental climate#Mild/cool summer subtype|mild/cool summer subtype]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb'') of the [[humid continental climate]].

{{Weather box |location = Şavşat |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan mean C = -3.6 |Feb mean C = -1.9 |Mar mean C = 2.6 |Apr mean C = 8.6 |May mean C = 12.9 |Jun mean C = 16.0 |Jul mean C = 19.4 |Aug mean C = 19.3 |Sep mean C = 15.8 |Oct mean C = 10.4 |Nov mean C = 4.6 |Dec mean C = -0.8 |year mean C = 8.6 |Jan precipitation mm = 45 |Feb precipitation mm = 42 |Mar precipitation mm = 37 |Apr precipitation mm = 56 |May precipitation mm = 71 |Jun precipitation mm = 78 |Jul precipitation mm = 51 |Aug precipitation mm = 49 |Sep precipitation mm = 49 |Oct precipitation mm = 61 |Nov precipitation mm = 57 |Dec precipitation mm = 57 |year precipitation mm = |source 1 = Climate-Data.org<ref name = "Climate-Data.org">{{cite web|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/8538/|title = Climate: Șavşat|accessdate = 12 April 2014 |publisher = Climate-Data.org}}</ref> }}

== Places of interest == * [[Papart]] forest * [[Qenciyan]] Hill, overlooks the border * Şavşat Karagöl lake, a large trout lake in the forest, and the crater lake of [[Kuyruklu]]. * [[Şavşat Castle]] * [[Satle Fortress]], also known as Shavsheti Fortress, (Turkish: Şavşat) is a monument of Georgian architecture located above the town of Şavşat.

==References== {{reflist}}

== External links == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.savsatli.com local information] {{in lang|tr}} * [http://www.savsat.bel.tr/ the Municipality] * [http://www.savsat.com local information2] {{in lang|tr}} * [https://charlvarchive.org/Site/54 Carefully documented photographic survey and plan of Şavşat Castle]

[[Category:Populated places in Artvin Province]] [[Category:Historical regions of Georgia (country)]] [[Category:Tao-Klarjeti]] [[Category:District municipalities in Turkey]] [[Category:Şavşat District]] [[Category:Cittaslow]]