{{More citations needed|date=March 2022}}{{Short description|Iraqi poet and Shia Muslim scholar (970 – 1015)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}} {{Infobox religious biography | religion = Islam | era = Islamic golden age | image = File:Sayed razi shrine.jpg | caption = Tomb of Sayyid al-Radi in Baghdad | name = Muhammad bin al-Husayn bin Musa<br>مُحَمَّدٌ بنُ الحُسَيْنِ بنِ مُوْسَى | title = al-Sharif al-Radi<br>الشَّرِيْفِ الرَّضِيِّ | birth_date = 970 | birth_place = Baghdad, Iraq | death_date = {{death year and age|1015|970}} | death_place = Kadhimiya, Baghdad | denomination = Shia | school_tradition = Twelver | ethnicity = | jurisprudence = Ja'fari | region = | notable_ideas = | main_interests = Tafsir, Arabic literature | influences = Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid | influenced = | works = Peak of Eloquence (collection of Imam Ali quotations) | native_name = الشَّرِيْفِ الرَّضِيِّ مُحَمَّدٌ بنُ الحُسَيْنِ بنِ مُوْسَى | honorific prefix = Sayyid }}
'''Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad bin al-Ḥusayn bin Mūsā al-Abrash al-Mūsawī al-Qurashi''' ({{langx|ar|أبُو الحَسَنِ السَّيِّدُ مُحَمَّدٌ بنُ الحُسَيْنِ بنِ مُوْسَى الأبرش المُوسَوِيُّ الهَاشِمِيُّ القُرَشِيُّ}}; 970 – 1015), also known as '''al-Sharīf al-Raḍī''' ({{langx|ar|الشَّرِيْفِ الرَّضِيِّ}}) was a Shia Muslim scholar and poet of Iraqi descent. Al-Radi wrote several books on Islamic issues and interpretation of the Quran. His most well-known book is ''Nahj al-Balagha''.<ref>{{cite web |author = Prof. S. M. Azizuddin Husain, Director Rampur Raza Library, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |url = http://www.nmlindia.nic.in/nml_adm/writereaddata/files/Shah_Namas_Rare_Manuscripts.pdf |title = Shah Nama's Rare Manuscripts of Raza Library – A study |publisher = Ministry of Culture, Government of India |access-date = 11 July 2015 |archive-date = 13 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150713084311/http://www.nmlindia.nic.in/nml_adm/writereaddata/files/Shah_Namas_Rare_Manuscripts.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Alulbayt | url = http://alulbayt.com/en/index.php/editions/64-nahjul-balagha | title = Nahjul-Balagha Manuscript | publisher = Alulbayt Foundation, London | date = 28 May 2015 | access-date = 11 July 2015 | archive-date = 13 July 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150713085647/http://alulbayt.com/en/index.php/editions/64-nahjul-balagha | url-status = dead }}</ref>
His elder brother al-Sharif al-Murtada was also a theologian and poet. His work is still published in the universities of Cairo and Beirut, and is part of the course of Arabic literature.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Ali Islam Abu (Durham e-Theses)|date=24 October 2012|title=Al-Sharif Al-Radi|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5417/|access-date=11 July 2015|publisher=Durham University Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK|type=Doctoral}} [http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5417/1/5417_2856.PDF?UkUDh:CyT PDF version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012050239/http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5417/1/5417_2856.PDF?UkUDh:CyT |date=12 October 2017 }}</ref>
==Pedigree== Al-Radi's father, Abu Ahmad al-Husayn ibn Musa, was a descendant of Ibrahim al-Asghar, the son of the seventh Shia imam, Musa al-Kazim. There are also claims that he is the descendant of Ibrahim al-Mujab, the grandson of al-Kazim. His mother was the granddaughter of Hasan al-Utrush, a descendant of the fourth Shia imam, Ali Zayn al-Abidin. For this reason, he was also known as ''thil hasabayn'' (the possessor of two lineages), since he relates back to the Ahl al-Bayt paternally and maternally.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}
== Biography == Al-Radi was born in 970 in the Abbasid capital, Baghdad, and died in 1015 in his hometown. His grave is located in Kadhimiya, Baghdad. Al-Radi was the third of four children, having two sisters and a brother. After his father's death, he took the post.
Al-Radi's family was affluent, as his mother Fatima inherited a good fortune from her father. She sponsored the family when the property of her husband was confiscated by the Buyid prince 'Adud al-Dawla.
== Education and teaching == Abu Ali al-Farisi taught Al-Redi.<ref>{{cite thesis | author=Ali Islam Abu | url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5417/ | title=Al-Sharif Al-Radi | publisher=Durham University Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK | date=24 October 2012 | access-date=11 July 2015 | type=Doctoral |page=107}} [http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5417/1/5417_2856.PDF?UkUDh:CyT PDF version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012050239/http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5417/1/5417_2856.PDF?UkUDh:CyT |date=12 October 2017}}</ref>
He also founded a school named ''Dar ul'Ilm'' ({{langx|ar|دار العلم}}, literally ''House of knowledge'') in which he trained many students.
== Works == The book is a collection of sermons, precepts, prayers, epistles, and aphorisms of Ali and compiled by al-Radi in the tenth century.<ref>{{cite journal | author= Abbas Deygan Darweesh Al-duleimi, Ph D General Linguistics | title= Some Functions of Ellipsis in Religious Texts | journal= Conference Proceedings |publisher= EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE Publishing | date= June 2013 | volume= II | issue= 1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, AIIC 2013 24–26 April 2013, at University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada Azores Islands, Portugal | pages= 128–129 | url= http://aiiconference.net/old_version/images/aiic.vol.2.pdf | doi= | pmid= | pmc= | accessdate= 8 July 2015 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150713083417/http://aiiconference.net/old_version/images/aiic.vol.2.pdf | archivedate= 13 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Translated by Ali Sharif |url=http://rafed.net/turathona/06/06-13.html |title= ON THE MILLENIUM OF AL-SHARIF AL-RADHI | publisher=Rafed.net (Trasha) |access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.erfan.ir/english/6775.html |title=NAHJUL-BALAGHA (Peak of Eloquence) | publisher= The official website of Professor Hossein Ansarian |date= 24 October 2010 | access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> A number of his contemporaries wrote commentaries on al-Radi's compilation.
===Extent and scope of compilation=== Ali's sermons were compiled, read, and taught before al-Radi was born.<ref>{{cite news | author=Ayatollah Dr. Sayyid Fadhel Milani | title=The Authenticity of Nahj al-Balagha (Victor News Magazine Articles) | url=http://www.victorynewsmagazine.com/TheAuthenticityofNahjalBalagha.htm | work=School of Oriental and African Studies, London, UK | date=6 June 2002 | archive-date=27 November 2015 | access-date=10 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127090117/http://www.victorynewsmagazine.com/TheAuthenticityofNahjalBalagha.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> The services of al-Radi are now regarded as significant in the philosophy of monotheism.<ref>{{cite web|author= Church \ Church in Dialogue |url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2014/11/25/card_tauran_muslims,_christians_must_be_credible_believers/1112325 |title=Card Tauran: Muslims, Christians must be credible believers | publisher= Vatican Radio|date= 25 November 2014 |access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref>
Collected sermons in the Nahj al-Balagha cover Islam, theology and metaphysics; worship, wisdom, philosophy; piety and the afterlife.<ref>{{cite journal| author= Dr. Ali Raza Tahir Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy, University of Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan| title= Special Reference to Nahjul Balagha| journal= Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business| date= 2 June 2012| volume= 4| publisher= Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research| pages= | url= http://journal-archieves19.webs.com/1051-1058.pdf| doi= | pmid= | pmc= | archive-date= 13 July 2015| access-date= 10 July 2015| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150713101456/http://journal-archieves19.webs.com/1051-1058.pdf| url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author= Feryal Abdollah Hodeb, Mohammad Al-Shraydah| title= Metaphysics in the Oratory Quotes of Nahj al-Balagha (A documentary Study in Arabic)| journal= DIRASAT (HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ) by Deanship of Academic Research, University of Jordan| date= 2014| volume= 41| issue= 2014| pages= | url= http://journals.ju.edu.jo/DirasatHum/article/view/6667/0| doi= | pmid= | pmc= | archive-date= 4 March 2016| access-date= 9 July 2015| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050914/http://journals.ju.edu.jo/DirasatHum/article/view/6667/0| url-status= live}}</ref>
However, critics of the ''Nahj al-Balagha'' generally raise two objections: they claim that al-Murtada is one of the authors, and most of the contents are not by Ali.<ref>{{cite web|author=Web Admin|url=http://ismaili.net/heritage/node/10648|title=NAHJ AL-BALAGAH in Encyclopedia Topic|publisher=First Ismaili Electronic Library and Database|access-date=9 July 2015|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729100305/http://ismaili.net/heritage/node/10648|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Offspring and death == Scholar Abu Ahmad Adnan was his child. There were no grandchildren.<ref>{{cite book| title = Nahj al-Balagha| publisher = Imamia Kutub Khan, Mughal Havaili, Lahore | series =1956 | edition = Supplemented 2010 | location = Lahore | pages =56–58 | language =ur, ar }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title = Nahj al-Balagha| publisher = Tanzeem-ul-Makatib, Lucknow and Mahfooz Book Agency Karachi | edition = Second April 2000 | location = Karachi | pages =5–6 | language =ur, ar }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title = Nahj al-Balagha/Peak of Eloquence | year = 1984 | publisher = Islamic Seminary Publications, Accra Bombay Freetown Karachi London New York City | edition = Seventeenth Impression 2012 | location = Karachi | pages =122–123 | isbn =0-941724-18-2 }}</ref>
==See also== * Islamic scholars * List of deceased maraji
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==External links== *[http://www.hadith.net/en/n2140-e39803.html hadith.net] *[http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4651&uiLanguage=en For study: al-Radhi glimpses of his life and his contributions to cognitive]
{{Arabic literature}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Razi, Sharif}} Category:970 births Category:1015 deaths Category:10th-century Arab people Category:10th-century Muslim scholars of Islam Category:11th-century Arab people Category:11th-century Muslim scholars of Islam Category:Musawis Category:Iraqi Shia Muslims Category:Shia scholars of Islam Category:Writers from Baghdad Category:10th-century Twelvers Category:11th-century Twelvers Category:Buyid officials Category:Scholars under the Buyid dynasty Category:10th-century educators