Politics of Shanghai

{{Infobox communist government | government_name = Politics of Shanghai | image = 中華人民共和國國徽.svg | image_size = 150px | caption = National emblem of China | date = | url = {{URL|https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/}} | legislature = Shanghai Municipal People's Congress | party = Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party | leader_title = Secretary | leader_name = Chen Jining | executive = Municipal People's Government | ruler_title = Mayor | ruler_name = Gong Zheng | president_title = Executive Deputy Mayor | president_name = Wu Qing | premier_title = | premier_name = | speaker_title = Congress Chairperson | speaker_name = Huang Lixin | leader_title1 = Local CPPCC Chairman | leader_name1 = Hu Wenrong | leader_title2 = Commission for Discipline Inspection Secretary | leader_name2 = Liu Xuexin | leader_title3 = Supervisory Director | leader_name3 = Liu Xuexin | leader_title4 = Court President | leader_name4 = Liu Xiaoyun | leader_title5 = Procurator General | leader_name5 = Chen Yong | military = People's Liberation Army Shanghai Garrison | commander_title = Commander | commander_name = Liu Jie }}

thumb|Shanghai Municipal Government building

The '''politics of Shanghai'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/topics/politics-shanghai | title=Politics of Shanghai | newspaper=South China Morning Post | location=China | access-date=12 August 2013}}</ref> is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the last few decades the city has produced many of the country's eventual senior leaders, including Jiang Zemin, Zhu Rongji, Wu Bangguo, Huang Ju, Xi Jinping, Yu Zhengsheng, Han Zheng, and Li Qiang.

== Overview == The Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government (上海市人民政府市长, shorten as 上海市市长 ''ie'' Mayor of Shanghai Municipality) is the highest ranking executive official in Shanghai. Since Shanghai is a direct-controlled municipality of China, the Mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Shanghai Municipal Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary (中国共产党上海市委员会书记, shorten as 中共上海市委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanghai CCP Party Chief" in English.

Before 1941, Shanghai had a split administration: the International Settlement (governed under the Shanghai Municipal Council), the French Concession, and the Chinese City. The Chinese city was invaded by the Japanese in 1937 and the International Settlement was occupied by the Japanese in 1941. After the occupation, the foreign powers formally ceded the territory to the Nationalist Government in Chongqing (a move largely symbolic until the Japanese surrender since the Nationalists no longer controlled Shanghai).

Political power in Shanghai has frequently been a stepping stone to higher positions in the central government. Since Jiang Zemin became the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in June 1989, all former Shanghai party secretaries but one were elevated to the Politburo Standing Committee, the ''de facto'' highest decision-making body in China,<ref name="PoliticalSystem">{{cite web |last1=Lawrence |first1=Susan |last2=Martin |first2=Michael |date=20 March 2013 |title=Understanding China's Political System |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108131300/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf |archive-date=8 January 2012 |access-date=28 September 2019 |website=Federation of American Scientists |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> including Jiang himself (Party General Secretary),<ref>{{cite news |date=19 September 2004 |title=Profile: Jiang Zemin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1832448.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119135557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1832448.stm |archive-date=19 November 2011 |access-date=13 September 2011 |newspaper=BBC News}}</ref> Zhu Rongji (Premier),<ref>{{cite news |last=Kahn |first=Joseph |date=19 March 2003 |title=The Former Premier Who Ended China's 'Splendid Isolation' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/19/world/the-former-premier-who-ended-china-s-splendid-isolation.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126122757/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/19/world/the-former-premier-who-ended-china-s-splendid-isolation.html |archive-date=26 November 2010 |access-date=13 September 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Wu Bangguo (NPC Chairman),<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Wu Bangguo |url=http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122041621/http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/20 |archive-date=22 November 2011 |access-date=14 September 2011 |publisher=China Vitae}}</ref> Huang Ju (Vice Premier),<ref>{{cite news |last=Yardley |first=Jim |date=2 June 2007 |title=Huang Ju, Powerful Chinese Official, Dies at 68 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/02/world/asia/02huang.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717152632/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/02/world/asia/02huang.html |archive-date=17 July 2014 |access-date=13 September 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Xi Jinping (current General Secretary),<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Xi Jinping |url=http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Xi_Jinping |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014020753/http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Xi_Jinping |archive-date=14 October 2019 |access-date=14 October 2019 |publisher=China Vitae}}</ref> Yu Zhengsheng (CPPCC Chairman),<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Yu Zhengsheng |url=http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Yu_Zhengsheng |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014020754/http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Yu_Zhengsheng |archive-date=14 October 2019 |access-date=14 October 2019 |publisher=China Vitae}}</ref> Han Zheng (Vice Premier and Vice President),<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Han Zheng |url=http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Han_Zheng |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014020755/http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Han_Zheng |archive-date=14 October 2019 |access-date=14 October 2019 |publisher=China Vitae}}</ref> and Li Qiang (Premier). Zeng Qinghong, a former deputy party secretary of Shanghai, also rose to the Politburo Standing Committee and became the Vice President and an influential power broker.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kahn |first=Joseph |date=4 October 2006 |title=In Graft Inquiry, Chinese See a Shake-Up Coming |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/04/world/asia/04corrupt.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218084726/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/04/world/asia/04corrupt.html |archive-date=18 December 2014 |access-date=13 September 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Li Xi, another former deputy party secretary of Shanghai, has become the Politburo Standing Committee and Secretary of CCDI member in 2022. The only exception is Chen Liangyu, who was fired in 2006 and later convicted of corruption.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 April 2008 |title=Former Shanghai Party chief gets 18-year term for bribery |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/11/content_7959627.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206061210/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/11/content_7959627.htm |archive-date=6 December 2009 |access-date=13 September 2011 |work=Xinhua News}}</ref>

== List of provincial-level leaders ==

=== CCP Committee Secretaries === {{Main| Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party }}

{{Excerpt|Party Secretary of Shanghai#List of party secretaries}}

=== Chairpersons of Shanghai Municipal People's Congress === {{Infobox Political post | post = Chairman | body = the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress | insignia = | insigniasize = 100px | insigniacaption = | flag = | flagcaption = | image = | imagesize = | incumbent = Dong Yunhu | incumbentsince = January 15, 2023 | style = | status = Legislature leader | residence = | termlength = Five years, renewable | constituting_instrument = | precursor = | inaugural = | formation = | deputy = | salary = | website = }}

=== Mayors of Shanghai === {{Main|Shanghai Municipal People's Government}}

=== Chairpersons of the Political Conference Shanghai Committee === {{Infobox Political post | post = Chairman | body = Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | insignia = | insigniasize = 100px | insigniacaption = | flag = | flagcaption = | image = | imagesize = | incumbent = Hu Wenrong | incumbentsince = January 14, 2023 | style = | status = Local CPPCC leader | residence = | termlength = Five years, renewable | constituting_instrument = | precursor = | inaugural = | formation = | deputy = | salary = | website = }}

{{Main| Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference }}

# Ke Qingshi (柯庆施): 1955–1958 # Chen Pixian (陈丕显): 1958–1967 # Peng Chong (彭冲): 1977–1979 # Wang Yiping (王一平): 1979–1983 # Prof. Li Guohao (李国豪): 1983–1988 # Prof. Xie Xide (谢希德) (female): 1988–1993 # Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪) (female): 1993–1998 # Wang Liping (王力平): 1998–2003 # Jiang Yiren (蒋以任): 2003–2008 # Feng Guoqin (冯国勤): 2008–2013 # Wu Zhiming (吴志明): 2013–2018 # Dong Yunhu (董云虎): 2018–2023 # Hu Wenrong (胡文容): 2023–incumbent

=== Chairpersons of the Shanghai Supervisory Committee === {{Main| Shanghai Municipal Supervisory Commission }}

# Liao Guoxun (廖国勋): January 2018 – March 2020 # Liu Xuexin (刘学新): July 2020 – October 2022 # Li Yangzhe (李仰哲): October 2022 – incumbent

== See also == {{Portal|China|Politics}}

*Circuit intendant of Shanghai *Old City of Shanghai *Politics of Beijing *Politics of Chongqing *Politics of Tianjin *Zhuang Xiaotian

== References == {{reflist}}

Category:Politics of Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai