Shaki District

{{Short description|District in northern Azerbaijan}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Shaki District | type = District | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_map = Shaki District in Azerbaijan.svg | map_caption = Map of Azerbaijan showing the Shaki District | parts_type = Settlements<ref name="preslib">{{cite web |url=https://files.preslib.az/projects/azerbaijan/gl2.pdf |title=İnzibati-ərazi vahidləri |author= |website=preslib.az |access-date=28 February 2021 }}</ref> | parts = 71 | established_title = Established | established_date = 8 August 1930 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Azerbaijan}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Shaki-Zagatala | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 2430 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | population_as_of = 2020 | population_total = 188100 | population_footnotes =<ref name="statgov">{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/az/population_2020.zip |title=Population of Azerbaijan |author= |website=stat.gov.az |publisher=State Statistics Committee |access-date=22 February 2021 }}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = AZT | utc_offset = +4 | elevation_m = | footnotes = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 5500 | seat_type = Capital | seat = Shaki | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = Elkhan Usubov | website = {{URL|http://sheki-ih.gov.az}} }}

'''Shaki District''' ({{langx|az|Şəki rayonu}}) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the north of the country, it belongs to the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qakh, Oghuz, Agdash, Yevlakh, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Shaki. As of 2020, the district had a population of 188,100.<ref name="statgov" />

== History == Shaki is one of the oldest cities in Azerbaijan. In medieval sources, its name is called Shaki, Shaki or Shakki. The city of Sheki was called "Nuxa" for a long time. The Greek geographer Ptolemy, noted that there was a settlement called "Niga" among the ethnic Albanian cities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://files.preslib.az/projects/azerbaijan/eng/gl2.pdf|title=TERRITORIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS - District of Shaki}}</ref>

Christianity reached here as early as the 1st century CE, and Islam later in the 7th century.<ref name=":1" />

After the Ilkhanate collapsed, along with the Shirvanshahs state, Shaki gained autonomy and the Orlat nobility came to power, in the first half of the 14th century. In 1551 Shaki's autonomy ended by Shah Tahmasib when Sheki came under control of the Safavid Empire. In 1743, Shaki Khanate was established.

In 1772, due to the overflow of the Kish River, the historical city of Shaki was completely destroyed, some parts of the city's population was destabilised, some people had moved to other places, and some had settled in the present site of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sheki.mctgov.az/az/view/363/1/Seki|title=History of Sheki|website=Sheki Regional Cultural Department|language=az|access-date=19 October 2018|archive-date=14 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014115422/http://sheki.mctgov.az/az/view/363/1/Seki|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Historical monuments === The region contains the Palace of Shaki Khans (inscribed in UNESCO's World Heritage List) which dates back to the 18th century. The city was located along important trading routes, as such the city houses several opulent merchant houses with architecture influenced by Safavid, Qadar and Russian building traditions.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1549/|title=Historic Centre of Sheki with the Khan's Palace|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref>

== Demographics == {{Pie chart |caption=Ethnic groups in Shaki (2019) |thumb=right |ethnic groups in Shaki |label1 = Azerbaijanis |value1 = 96.86 |color1 = green |label2 = Lezgins |value2 = 2.74 |color2 = brown |label3 = Others |value3 = 0.4 |color3 = black }} Shaki has 65 settlements, with the majority of residents living in the cities (66,900) and a minority in villages (32,600). The official languages are Azerbaijani.

According to the State Statistics Committee, as of 2018, the population of the city was 185,400 persons, which increased by 26,700 persons (about 16.8 percent) from 158,700 persons in 2000.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|title=Political division, population size and structure: Population by towns and regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan|website=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan|language=en|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> Of the total population, 92,700 are men and 92,700 are women.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|title=Political division, population size and structure: Population by sex, towns and regions, urban settlements of the Republic of Azerbaijan at the beginning of the 2018|website=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan|language=en|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> More than 25.1 percent of the population (about 46,600 persons) consists of young people and teenagers aged 14–29.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|title=Political division, population size and structure: Population at age 14-29 by towns and regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan at the beginning of the 2018|website=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan|language=en|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+'''The population of the district by the year (at the beginning of the year, thousand persons)'''<ref name=":0" /> !Territory !2000 !2001 !2002 !2003 !2004 !2005 !2006 !2007 !2008 !2009 !2010 !2011 !2012 !2013 !2014 !2015 !2016 !2017 !2018 |- |Shaki town |158,7 |159,9 |160,9 |162,1 |163,2 |164,6 |165,8 |167,3 |169,0 |170,4 |171,8 |173,5 |175,7 |177,5 |179,1 |181,0 |182,7 |184,2 |185,4 |- |urban population |63,5 |63,6 |63,7 |63,8 |64,0 |64,3 |64,6 |64,7 |65,1 |65,3 |65,6 |65,9 |66,1 |66,4 |66,6 |66,9 |67,3 |67,4 |67,6 |- |rural population |95,2 |96,3 |97,2 |98,3 |99,2 |100,3 |101,2 |102,6 |103,9 |105,1 |106,2 |107,6 |109,6 |111,1 |112,5 |114,1 |115,4 |116,8 |117,8 |}

==Economy== There are 1 city, 2 settlements, 68 villages, and 31 rural executive offices, 1 city municipality and 39 rural municipalities in the district. There are 343 managerial and organizational departments, 17 bank branches, 14 hotels, 1 communication and 1 post office. The largest enterprise according to the number of employees is Shaki-Ipek OJSC.

Shaki is part of the Shaki-Zaqatala Economic Region. The Shaki region, one of the largest agricultural and industrial districts of the Republic, has a total area of 2.43 thousand km<sup>2</sup> and a population of 184,172. At present 29 industrial enterprises operate in the region, of which 21 are small enterprises.

=== Population === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;" ! rowspan="2" |'''Ethnic group''' ! colspan="2" |1999<ref name="Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan by 1999 census">[http://pop-stat.mashke.org Population statistics of Eastern Europe]: [http://pop-stat.mashke.org/azerbaijan-ethnic1999.htm Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan by 1999 census]</ref> ! colspan="2" |2009<ref name="Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan by 2009 census">[http://pop-stat.mashke.org Population statistics of Eastern Europe]: [http://pop-stat.mashke.org/azerbaijan-ethnic2009.htm Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan by 2009 census]</ref> |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" !Number !% !Number !% |- | style="text-align:left;" |'''Total''' |157 353 |100.00 |170 733 |100.00 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Azerbaijanis |148 862 |94.60 |163 092 |95.52 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Lezgins |7 469 |4.75 |7 152 |4.19 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Russians |231 |0.15 |121 |0.07 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Turkish people |45 |0.03 |26 |0.02 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Kurds |47 |0.03 |26 |0.02 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Avars |15 |0.01 |14 |0.01 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Tatars |61 |0.04 |10 |0.01 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Ukrainians |128 |0.08 |6 |0.00 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Georgians |13 |0.01 |... |... |- | style="text-align:left;" |Others |475 |0.30 |286 |0.17 |}

Alternative according to the data of Lezgins ~ 40,000.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=360iAQAAIAAJ&q=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD |title = Угрозы национальной безопасности России на Северном Кавказе: этноконфессиональный аспект|year = 2004|isbn = 9785946911009|last1 = Gereĭkhanov|first1 = Gadzhi Pirmuradovich| publisher=Granit︠s︡a }}</ref>

== Climate == The annual sum of sunny hours is 2350 hours. Approximately 40 percent of sunny hours are observed in summer. The climate in Shaki is influenced by various air masses, cyclones and anticyclones, and local winds. The Arctic and mild air masses enter Shaki with causing the temperature rise in the winter. Mountain winds form local winds in Sheki in the summer. It is because of a contrast in pressure between the mountain and the valley. The cold winds are moderated by the Great Caucasus from the north. Thus, the temperature in Sheki is 0.5 C in January. The average annual temperature is 12 C in Sheki. The average temperature ranges from 20 to 25 C in June and August.

In Sheki solid winds (over 15m / s) are hardly ever seen, with as 10–12 days a solid wind. Less than 1 meter per second the speed of the wind in Sheki is often observed. The average sum of rainfall is 730 mm. 50% of it falls in May, June, September and October. In Kish village the least precipitation is in August (35 mm), January (29 mm) and February (36 mm), 775 mm, over 1000 mm rainfall in Khan Lowland. Floods, storm, and hail are characteristic of the mountain and the fields encompassing Sheki and its urban places.

The flood event is observed frequently. The Kish Waterway basin is located in the western portion of the city and it is considered one of the most powerful flood areas in the world. In the place called Guruchay were collected sand, stone, and mud from the mountains for a long time and its middle part is higher than the city Dodo settlement. The atmosphere events such as the storm and the hail have a great deal of effect here. High relief, strong heat in the summer and high evaporation are the essential reasons for hail in Shaki.

The elevation of 500–850 m above sea level, the mountain woodlands encompassing it prevents the city from overheating. The city is secured from floods by mountain woodlands. The mountainous grassland, brown mountain woodlands, meadow-forest, grey-brown soils cover the city. Oak, peanuts, hornbeam trees are spacious in the woodlands. The animal world is rich.

The main streams of the city are Kish and Gurcana rivers. Kish is the right arm of Eyrichay, it is 33 km long, and the basin area is 265 km<sup>2</sup>. It starts at 2900 meters above the southern slope of the main Caucasian Range. It is one of the most flooded rivers of Transcaucasia. The upper axis is called Damarchin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anl.az/down/meqale/movqe/2011/iyul/189502.htm|title=Sheki district|website=The National Library of Azerbaijan}}</ref>

== Notable persons == * Mirza Fatali Akhundov - writer, public figure * Bakhtiyar Vahabzadeh - poet * Ahmadiyya Jabrayilov - World War II participant, partisan

== See also == * Yoncalı monument

== References == {{reflist}}

== External links == {{commons category|Şəki Rayon}} *{{official website|http://sheki-ih.gov.az}}

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Category:Shaki District Category:Districts of Azerbaijan