{{Short description|2nd century Roman senator, legate and governor}} {{Infobox military person |name=Sextus Calpurnius Agricola |birth_date= |death_date= |birth_place= |death_place= |image= |caption= |nickname= |allegiance=Roman Empire |service_years= c.150-c.170 |rank= Legate<br />consul suffectus, imperial legate, Governor |commands=Germania Superior<br />Dacia<br />Moesia |unit= |battles= |awards= |other_work= }} [[File:RIB 1137 - Sextus Calpurnius Agricola - VI Victrix.jpg|thumb|250px|Dedication to the god Sol Invictus, by a ''vexillatio'' of the Legio VI ''Victrix'' under the command of Agricola.]]
'''Sextus Calpurnius Agricola''' was a Roman senator and general active during the 2nd century. He was ''consul suffectus'' with Tiberius Claudius Julianus for the ''nundinium'' of September-October 154.<ref>{{AE|1980|760}}</ref> Agricola is known primarily from inscriptions.
== Life == No information has yet been found about Calpurnius Agricola prior to his consulate. His origin is attested in no surviving document, and the ''gentilicium'' "Calpurnius" is commonly found all over the Empire. However, Anthony Birley notes the combination "Sextus Calpurnius" is very uncommon, and he suggests that Agricola is related to Fronto's friend Sextus Calpurnius Julianus; if so, he may have been a native of Cirta or another town in Numidia.<ref>Birley, ''Fasti of Roman Britain'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981), p. 127</ref>
Calpurnius Agricola was governor of Germania Superior around 158.<ref name="Patricia Southern">Patricia Southern, ''Roman Britain: A New History 55BC - AD 450''</ref>
In 161 or 162 he was made governor of Britain and remained until at least 163, possibly until the end of the 160s.<ref name="Patricia Southern"/>
In 163, he was sent to Britain to control uprisings in the north. He rebuilt a number of forts, most notably that at Coria (Corbridge). He withdrew troops southwards from Scotland towards the line of Hadrian's Wall to contend with the threats of further rebellion.<ref>''RIB'' 1127, 1149, cf. 1389</ref>
There are indications of unrest in Britain around the time of his rule attested by damage to the forum at Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter) and the burning of a large part of Verulamium (St Albans).<ref>Robin George Collingwood, John Nowell Linton Myres ''Roman Britain and the English Settlements'' p.150</ref><ref>Historia Augusta ''Life of Marcus Aurelius'' 8.8</ref>
Around 166 AD Agricola was appointed imperial legate in Roman Dacia.{{sfn|Birley|2000|p=145}} Between 168 and 169, he was one of the governors of Lower Moesia.
==Notes== {{reflist|30em}}
== Sources == ===Epigraphics=== * ''PIR'' C 249 * ''CIL'' VII, 226 * ''RIB'' I, 1137
===Secondary=== * Patricia Southern, ''Roman Britain: A New History 55BC - AD 450'' {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last = Birley |first = Anthony |author-link = Anthony Birley |title = Marcus Aurelius |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DrIMlfGg2uoC |publisher = Routledge |location = London and New York |year = 2000 |series = Roman imperial biographies |isbn = 978-0-415-17125-0 }} {{refend}}
{{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef | before=Marcus Valerius Etruscus (?), <br/>and Lucius Aemilius Juncus (?) |as=consules suffecti}} {{s-ttl | title=Suffect consul of the Roman Empire | years=154 |regent1=Tiberius Claudius Julianus}} {{s-aft | after=Gaius Julius Statius Severus, <br/>and Titus Junius Severus |as=consules suffecti}} {{Succession box|title = Roman governors of Britain|before = Marcus Statius Priscus|||after = Unknown, then Quintus Antistius Adventus|years = 161- later in the 160s}} {{S-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Calpurnius Agricola, Sextus}} Calpurnius Agricola, Sextus Category:Ancient Roman generals Category:2nd-century Romans Category:Roman governors of Lower Moesia Category:Roman governors of Germania Inferior Category:Roman governors of Dacia Category:Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome Agricola, Sextus Category:Generals of Lucius Verus Category:Generals of Marcus Aurelius