{{Short description|Aspects of languages influenced by Semitic languages}} In [[linguistics]], a '''Semitism''' or '''Semiticism''' is a grammatical, syntactical, lexical, or idiomatic feature in a language that reveals influence from a [[Semitic language]] such as [[Aramaic]], [[Hebrew]] or [[Arabic]]. One of the most commonly studied examples is the influence of [[Aramaic]] on some texts written in [[Jewish Koine Greek]].<ref>Jonathan T. Pennington Heaven and Earth in the Gospel of Matthew - Page 105 - 2007 "This nuanced difference between a “Semitic enhancement” and a “Semitism” enables us to reconsider whether an apparent linguistic anomaly in Greek (such as plural) is truly a "Semitism" and not merely an "enhancement".</ref>
==Akkadianism== An Akkadianism is a linguistic feature from the [[Akkadian language]], one of the [[East Semitic languages]], which was spoken in [[ancient Mesopotamia]] from the 3rd millennium BCE until its replacement by Aramaic, which arrived there from modern-day Syria. Akkadianisms appeared in neighboring languages as a result of contact. Akkadianisms have been found in the [[Book of Ezekiel]].{{sfn|Kemp|2020|p=27}}
==Ugaritism== An Ugaritism is a linguistic feature from [[Ugaritic]], a [[Northwest Semitic language]] attested in texts from the ancient city of [[Ugarit]] (modern-day [[Ras Shamra]], Syria) during the [[Late Bronze Age]].
==Phoenicianism== A Phoenicianism is a linguistic feature from the [[Phoenician language]], a Northwest Semitic language spoken by the ancient [[Phoenicians]] during the [[Iron Age]].
==Aramaism== {{main|Aramaism}} Aramaic was a widely used [[lingua franca]] in the [[ancient Near East]] from around the 9th century BCE and influenced neighboring languages, especially [[Hebrew]] and [[Greek language|Greek]]. Many Semitisms in the Greek of the [[New Testament]] are considered Aramaisms,{{sfn|Butler|2011|page=147}} reflecting the Aramaic-speaking context of the authors.
==Hebraism== {{main|Hebraism}} Hebraisms have appeared in European languages like Greek and [[Latin]] through translations of the [[Hebrew Bible]]. Hebraisms also appeared in [[Yiddish]].
==Arabism== {{main|Arabism (linguistics)}} Arabisms entered languages such as [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Swahili]] following the rise of [[Islam]] in the 7th century CE. Arabic loanwords entered European languages as well.
== References == {{reflist}}
==Sources== * {{cite book|last=Butler|first=B. C.|year=2011|orig-year=1951|title=The Originality of St Matthew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jSAXv-ffK9wC|publisher=Cambridge University Press}} * {{cite book|last=Kemp|first=Joel B.|year=2020|title=Ezekiel, Law, and Judahite Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wC71DwAAQBAJ}}
[[Category:Language contact]] [[Category:Semitic languages]]