Spergularia marina

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the pink family}} {{Speciesbox |taxon = Spergularia marina |image = Starr 080601-5237 Spergularia marina.jpg |authority = (L.) Besser<ref name=TPL_kew-2487483/> |synonyms = {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; | *''Alsine marginata'' C.A.Mey. nom. illeg. *''Alsine marina'' Mert. & W.D.J.Koch *''Alsine salina'' (J.Presl & C.Presl) Heldmann *''Alsine salina'' J.Groves nom. illeg. *''Alsinella media'' Hornem. *''Arenaria marina'' (L.) All. *''Arenaria marina'' (L.) Weber nom. illeg. *''Arenaria marina'' Roth nom. illeg. *''Arenaria maritima'' (L.) Steud. nom. illeg. *''Arenaria media'' DC. nom. illeg. *''Arenaria salina'' Ser. *''Buda marina'' (L.) Dum. *''Buda marina'' (L.) Dumort. *''Corion marinum'' (L.) N.E.Br. *''Lepigonum tenue'' Greene *''Spergula marina'' (L.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. *''Spergula salina'' (J.Presl & C.Presl) D.Dietr. *''Spergularia dillenii'' Lebel *''Spergularia marina'' (L.) Griseb. *''Spergularia salina'' J.Presl & C.Presl *''Spergularia tenuis'' (Greene) B.L. Rob. *''Stipularia marina'' (L.) Haw. *''Tissa marina'' (L.) Britton *''Tissa tenuis'' (Greene) Greene }} |synonyms_ref = <ref name=TPL_kew-2487483/><ref name=Pallas>{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=5A627F74E3CD625561A46127F574A920?id=151420-1&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Bjsessionid%3D5A627F74E3CD625561A46127F574A920%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_isAPNIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3Darenaria%26find_sortByFamily%3Dtrue%26find_isGCIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3Dall%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_isIKRecord%3Dtrue%26find_species%3Dmarina%26output_format%3Dnormal |title=The International Plant Names Index |chapter=Caryophyllaceae ''Arenaria marina'' Pall. ex Ledeb. |access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=5A627F74E3CD625561A46127F574A920?id=151419-1&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Bjsessionid%3D5A627F74E3CD625561A46127F574A920%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_isAPNIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3Darenaria%26find_sortByFamily%3Dtrue%26find_isGCIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3Dall%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_isIKRecord%3Dtrue%26find_species%3Dmarina%26output_format%3Dnormal |title=The International Plant Names Index |chapter=Caryophyllaceae ''Arenaria marina'' Roth |access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=5A627F74E3CD625561A46127F574A920?id=151421-1&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Bjsessionid%3D5A627F74E3CD625561A46127F574A920%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_isAPNIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3Darenaria%26find_sortByFamily%3Dtrue%26find_isGCIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3Dall%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_isIKRecord%3Dtrue%26find_species%3Dmarina%26output_format%3Dnormal |title=The International Plant Names Index |chapter=Caryophyllaceae ''Arenaria marina'' (L.) All. |access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> }}

'''''Spergularia marina''''', also called '''''Spergularia salina''''', is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae (the pink family).<ref name=TPL_kew-2487483/> It is known as '''salt sandspurry'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=Korea National Arboretum|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=642|access-date=27 December 2016|via=Korea Forest Service|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> or '''lesser sea-spurrey'''.<ref name=BSBI07/> ''S. marina'' is a sprawling annual or sometimes perennial, with stems up to {{cvt|35|cm|0}} long. Like other sea-spurrey species, its flowers have white to pink petals, with sepals usually longer than the petals, at {{cvt|2.5|–|4|mm|1}}. Plants are salt-tolerant, being found by the sea and in saline areas inland.<ref name=Stac10/>

==Taxonomy== The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as ''Arenaria rubra'' var. ''marina'',<ref name="IPNI_18694-2">{{citation |title=Plant Name Details for ''Arenaria rubra ''var.'' marina'' L. |work=The International Plant Names Index |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=18694-2 |access-date=2016-08-03 }}</ref> and was subsequently treated as a full species in different genera, including ''Arenaria'' and ''Spergula''.<ref name=TPL_kew-2487651/> The Plant List accepts the placement in ''Spergularia'' {{as of|2016|August|lc=yes}}.<ref name=TPL_kew-2487483/> The species was placed in the genus ''Spergularia'' by J.Presl and C. Presl in 1819, who considered the specimens they saw to be a new species (''S. salina''), but several authors had previously elevated Linnaeus' variety to species rank, and the earliest of these brings nomenclatural priority, even though that species was transferred to ''Spergularia'' after 1819.<ref>{{harv|McNeill et al.|2012|loc=Article 11|ref=McNeill}}</ref>

The nomenclature has been complicated by some errors. In 1822 Wilibald S. J. G. von Besser created the name ''Spergularia marina'', but based his analysis on a 1788 species name in ''Arenaria'' published by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth, who intended to move Linnaeus' variety to a full species. Roth was unaware that Carlo Allioni had previously, in 1785, elevated the variety to ''Arenaria marina'', so Roth's name is now considered a homonym. Besser's name ''Spergularia marina'' is now considered to be based on Allioni's name and consequently on Linnaeus' variety name; it brings nomenclatural priority from 1785.<ref>{{harv|McNeill et al.|2012|loc=Article 41.8|ref=McNeill}}</ref> A further error that has caused authors to come to different conclusions about the correct name for the species, is a name thought to have been published by Peter Simon Pallas in 1776. That phantom name came about because Carl Friedrich von Ledebour cited it after misreading ''Arenaria maritima'' as ''A. marina''.<ref name=Pallas/> <gallery heights="200px" mode="packed-hover" style="margin-top:3em;"> Lesser Sea Spurrey (Spergularia Marina) - geograph.org.uk - 203915.jpg Spergularia marina (8691899047).jpg </gallery>

==Notes== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 |access-date=2014-10-17}}</ref>

<ref name=Stac10>{{Citation |last=Stace |first=Clive |author-link = Clive Stace |year=2010 |title=New Flora of the British Isles |edition=3rd |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-70772-5 |pages=467–468}}</ref>

<ref name=TPL_kew-2487483>{{citation |title=''Spergularia marina'' |work=The Plant List |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2487483 |access-date=2016-08-03}}</ref>

<ref name=TPL_kew-2487651>{{citation |title=''Spergula marina'' |work=The Plant List |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2487651 |access-date=2016-08-03}}</ref>

}}

==References== *{{cite book |author=McNeill, J. |collaboration=Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. |year=2012 |volume=Regnum Vegetabile 154 |title=International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011 |publisher=A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG |isbn=978-3-87429-425-6 |url=http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=title |ref=McNeill}}

marina Category:Flora of Europe Category:Flora of North Africa Category:Flora of temperate Asia Category:Flora of Eastern Canada Category:Flora of the Eastern United States Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Plants described in 1753