Scytodes

{{Short description|Genus of spiders}} {{more footnotes needed|date=December 2020}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = | image = Scytodes_thoracica_(aka).jpg | image_caption = ''Scytodes thoracica'' | image2 = Scytodes sp04.jpg| | image2_caption = Showing three paired eyes | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Cretaceous|Present}} | taxon = Scytodes | authority = Latreille, 1804<ref name=wsc /> | type_species = ''Scytodes thoracica'' | type_species_authority = (Latreille, 1802) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 239, see text }}

[[File:Scytodes longipes (Arachnida. Araneidea and Opiliones II).jpg|thumb|right|''S. longipes'' drawn by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge]]

'''''Scytodes''''' is a genus of spitting spiders that occur all around the world, with the most widely distributed species being ''Scytodes thoracica'', originally having a palearctic distribution but has since been introduced to North America, Argentina, India, Australia, Asia and New Zealand.<ref name="fix1" />

Individuals of the genus are generally characterized by their predominant pale yellow coloration and black markings on their cephalothorax compounded with long, thin hairless legs with black bands.<ref name="fix2" />

Like other spitting spiders, they do not build a traditional web to catch prey, but instead spit a fluid on their prey that congeals on contact into a venomous and sticky mass.

== Taxonomy == The first species of the genus was first described by Pierre André Latreille as ''Aranea thoraica'' in 1802 through "''Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes"'' until the genus was later reclassified by Jean Victor Audouin as ''Scytodes'' in 1826.

== Appearance == The genus exhibits sexual dimorphism. Males range in size from 3.5 to 4 mm while females are slightly larger, from 4 to 4.5 mm.<ref name=":0" /> Spitting spiders have pale yellow bodies with black spots on their wide cephalothorax, and legs characterized by black bands.<ref name=":1" /> ''Scytodes'' species have three paired eyes for a total of six eyes.<ref name=":1" /> Their legs are long, slender,<ref name=":1" /> and have small claws attached to the chelicerae.<ref name=":0" />

== Habitat == ''Scytodes'' species are mainly nocturnal<ref name=":0" /> and typically do not live in webs with the exception of some tropical species,<ref name=":1" /> such as ''Scytodes longpipes''.<ref name=":2" /> The web, however, is not used for catching prey.<ref name=":2" /> Instead, ''Scytodes'' species live under rocks, in crevices and can even be found living in human infrastructures.<ref name=":1" />

=== Niche === Similar to other arachnids, ''Scytodes'' species occupy a vital role as secondary consumers (although some species, such as ''S. thoracica'' have been known to exhibit behaviour of tertiary consumers as they have been known to hunt other spiders) and work to control the populations of prey items in their habitats.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="fix3" />

==== Distribution ==== ''Scytodes'' has a near-global distribution, being present on almost every continent excluding Antarctica. The majority of species within Europe and the Mediterranean are distributed around the 45th parallel. ''Scytodes'' enjoys a sizable presence in Asia, Oceania and North America but extremely limited presence in Africa and South America.

==Behavior==

===Reproduction=== ''Scytodes'' species are typically solitary until mating or hunting due to their aggressive nature. Males are cautious when trying to find a mate. Females carry their eggs until they hatch, typically under their body or in their chelicerae. This is the most vulnerable stage in life, the egg-carrying period. Upon hatching, the juvenile spiders remain in their mother's web. They cooperatively capture and feed on prey caught in the web. Upon reaching sexual maturity, the young spiders leave the web, move a short distance away and exhibit solitary behavior.<ref name="fix4" />

'''Sociality and parental care'''

''Scytodes'' species are known to perform a wide range of social organization, with some species being solitary, subsocial, communal-territorial, or social.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> Many of the subsocial and colonial species are known to give extended parental care, such as ''S. fusca'', ''S. socialis'', ''S. longipes'', and ''S. intricata''.

Females will sparsely wrap their eggs in a sac, and hold it in its chelicerae until they hatch,<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> sometimes dropping the egg sac to capture prey, after which they return and feed beside the eggs, picking them up again once finished.<ref name=":7" /> This behaviour protects the eggs from desiccation, mould, parasites, and predation.<ref name=":7" />

Some species are subsocial and after hatching, the spiderlings will often cohabitate with their mother until a certain instar is reached, but some may stay longer or leave earlier. During this period the spiderling and adult will hunt prey, but not spit at or prey on each other. The mothers will sometimes take captured prey to the spiderlings. ''S.'' indet(a) and ''S.'' indet(b) will often share the meal with their spiderlings, but ''S. fusca'' will not, eating separate meals away from the spiderlings.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> Cohabitating spiderlings will work together to capture large prey, but will hunt small prey individually. Conflict between spiderlings occurs in some species at early instars, but cannibalistic behaviour only arises in later instars of those species.<ref name=":9" />

''S. socialis'' is known to be a social species, and individuals will continue cohabitation into adulthood, forming colonies, in which individuals show no aggression to each other and share prey.<ref name="fix5" />

=== Hunting === thumb|left|Scytodes thoracica in front of prey ''Scytodes'' species primarily detect prey by vibration and smell.<ref name=":10" /> They will spit at prey until it is subdued. Once the prey is subdued, they wrap the prey in silk, and feed.<ref name=":7" /> When prey flees, Scytodes will sometimes pursue it, and spit web once it gets close.<ref name=":7" /> Prey often gets glued to substrate by the spit, and the spider will cut it loose from the substrate to wrap it.<ref name=":7" /> Sometimes when prey struggles during wrapping, or immediately after spitting web, the spider will quickly lunge and stab the prey with its fangs, retracting them immediately. Many species are known to be araneophagic, with some preferring to prey on other spiders.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":9" />

Hunting dangerous prey such as other spiders is thought to lead to behavioural flexibility, which can be observed in ''Scytodes'', which will adjust their hunting methods based on prey size.<ref name=":7" />

''S. pallida'' (and/or possibly ''S.'' indet(a)) shares an interesting relationship with the jumping spider ''Portia labiata'', in which both are each other's primary prey.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":11" /> These spiders do not die post-mating; males live 1.5–2 years and females live 2 to 4 years.

==== Webs ==== Some species of ''Scytodes'' are known to build webs. Webs of many species consist of a sheet of web connected to a small tubular shelter, in which the spider tends to reside.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" />

===Spitting=== thumb|Pattern of Scytodes glue that is spit on prey and how glue pins prey to ground The spitting from which its common name derives is used as a method of trapping prey or escaping predators.<ref name=":3" /> ''Scytodes'' glue is made in a large gland in the cephalothorax<ref name=":4" /> where venom is synthesized in the front of the gland and the glue is produced in the back of gland.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Sticky glue is expelled from their fangs from a small opening in their chelicerae<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> and can be shot up to 4 -10 body lengths from the spider.<ref name=":1" /> ''Scytodes'' spit their glue in a zigzag pattern to trap their prey to a substrate.<ref name=":4" /> Though, for many years it was thought that the glue contained venom that diffused into the prey,<ref name=":2" /> researchers now believe that the glue does not contain any toxic properties.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Once the whole prey is trapped to the ground, the spider then bites the prey with a venomous bite to kill it.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="fix6" />

=== Diet === ''Scytodes'' primarily feed on soft bodied insects such as moths, other spiders, mosquitoes, silverfish <ref name=":1" /> and crickets.<ref name=":5" /> They typically hunt their prey, however scavenging behaviour has been observed to happen rarely.<ref name=":5" /> When scavenging occurs a spider will not spit on the prey as the glue is energetically expensive to produce.<ref name=":5" />

== Fossil record == One of the oldest fossils of an extinct species of ''Scytodes'' is ''Scytodes weitschati'' (Wunderlich 1993)<ref name=":6" /> found in Baltic amber dating to the Eocene 43 million years ago.<ref name=":6" /> Its morphology is similar to that of ''Scytodes'' seen today.<ref name=":6" />

==Species== <gallery mode=packed heights=110px> Scytodes armata 424581974.jpg|''S. armata'' Scytodes.fusca.male.-.tanikawa.jpg|Male ''S. fusca'' Scytodes glabula 3.jpg|''S. glabula'' Scytodes intricata.jpg|''S. intricata'' Scytodes pallida 38686046.jpg|''S. pallida'' </gallery>

{{as of|2026|2}}, this genus includes 239 species and one subspecies.<ref name="wsc" />

Species with articles on Wikipedia: {{Div col}} * ''Scytodes arenacea'' Purcell, 1904 – Namibia, South Africa * ''Scytodes armata'' Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Costa Rica * ''Scytodes broomi'' Pocock, 1902 – Namibia, South Africa * ''Scytodes caffra'' Purcell, 1904 – DR Congo, South Africa, Eswatini * ''Scytodes cedri'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes clavata'' Benoit, 1965 – DR Congo, South Africa * ''Scytodes constellata'' Lawrence, 1938 – South Africa * ''Scytodes drakensbergensis'' Lawrence, 1947 – South Africa * ''Scytodes elizabethae'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes flagellata'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes fusca'' Walckenaer, 1837 – North to South America. Introduced to St. Helena, Europe, Africa, Seychelles, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, China, Japan, Hawaii * ''Scytodes globula'' Nicolet, 1849 – Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina * ''Scytodes gooldi'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes karrooica'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes kumonga'' Zamani & Marusik, 2020 – Oman, Iran * ''Scytodes lanceolata'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes lawrencei'' Lessert, 1939 – DR Congo, South Africa * ''Scytodes leipoldti'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes longipes'' Lucas, 1844 – Central and South America. Introduced to Guinea, DR Congo, Indonesia (New Guinea), Japan, Australia (Queensland), Pacific Is. Hawaii * ''Scytodes lycosella'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes lyriformis'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes maritima'' Lawrence, 1938 – South Africa * ''Scytodes marshalli'' Pocock, 1902 – South Africa * ''Scytodes montana'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes pallida'' Doleschall, 1859 – India, China, Philippines, Indonesia (Moluccas, New Guinea) * ''Scytodes quinqua'' Lawrence, 1927 – Namibia, South Africa * ''Scytodes rubra'' Lawrence, 1937 – South Africa * ''Scytodes schultzei'' Purcell, 1908 – South Africa * ''Scytodes silvatica'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes subulata'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes symmetrica'' Lawrence, 1938 – South Africa * ''Scytodes testudo'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes thoracica'' (Latreille, 1802) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Iran, temperate Asia to China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America, Argentina, South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand (type species) * ''Scytodes triangulifera'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''Scytodes trifoliata'' Lawrence, 1938 – South Africa * ''Scytodes univittata'' Simon, 1882 – Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, India. Introduced to Hawaii, Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Chile, Ascension Island, Cape Verde, Canary Islands, Morocco, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran * ''Scytodes venusta'' (Thorell, 1890) – Sri Lanka to Indonesia (Java) {{Div col end}}

{{collapse top|Complete list of species {{as of|2026|2|lc=yes}}}} {{Div col}} * ''S. adisi'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. aethiopica'' Simon, 1907 – Ethiopia * ''S. affinis'' Kulczyński, 1901 – Ethiopia * ''S. aharonii'' Strand, 1914 – Israel * ''S. akytaba'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. alayoi'' Alayón, 1977 – Mexico, Cuba * ''S. albiapicalis'' Strand, 1907 – China * ''S. alcomitzli'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. alfredi'' Gajbe, 2004 – India * ''S. altamira'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – Brazil * ''S. amazonica'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. annulipes'' Simon, 1907 – Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya * ''S. antonina'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. apuecatu'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. arboricola'' Millot, 1946 – Ivory Coast * ''S. arenacea'' Purcell, 1904 – Namibia, South Africa * ''S. argelia'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. armata'' Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Costa Rica * ''S. aruensis'' Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.) * ''S. arwa'' Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 – Yemen, Oman, Iran * ''S. atlacamani'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. atlacoya'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. atlatonin'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. auricula'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – Ecuador, Brazil * ''S. ayampe'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. balbina'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – Brazil * ''S. becki'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – Brazil * ''S. bertheloti'' Lucas, 1838 – Mediterranean, Turkmenistan * ''S. blanda'' Bryant, 1940 – Cuba * ''S. bocaina'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. bonito'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. brignolii'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. broomi'' Pocock, 1902 – Namibia, South Africa * ''S. brunnea'' González-Sponga, 2004 – Venezuela * ''S. caffra'' Purcell, 1904 – DR Congo, South Africa, Eswatini * ''S. caipora'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Brazil * ''S. camerunensis'' Strand, 1906 – Cameroon * ''S. canariensis'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Islands * ''S. caratinga'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. caure'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Brazil * ''S. cavernarum'' Roewer, 1962 – Malaysia * ''S. cedri'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. cellularis'' Simon, 1907 – DR Congo * ''S. championi'' F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 – Mexico, Brazil * ''S. chantico'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. chapeco'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. chiconahui'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. chiquimula'' Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Guatemala * ''S. choco'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. chopim'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. clavata'' Benoit, 1965 – DR Congo, South Africa * ''S. cogu'' Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Costa Rica * ''S. congoanus'' Strand, 1908 – Congo * ''S. constellata'' Lawrence, 1938 – South Africa * ''S. coronata'' Thorell, 1899 – West Africa * ''S. costa'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. cotopitoka'' Rheims, Barreiros, Brescovit & Bonaldo, 2005 – Brazil * ''S. cubensis'' Alayón, 1977 – Cuba, Trinidad * ''S. curimaguana'' González-Sponga, 2004 – Venezuela * ''S. curupira'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Brazil * ''S. darlingtoni'' Alayón, 1977 – Cuba * ''S. diminuta'' Valerio, 1981 – Costa Rica * ''S. dissimulans'' Petrunkevitch, 1929 – Puerto Rico * ''S. dollfusi'' Millot, 1941 – Ivory Coast * ''S. domhelvecio'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. dorothea'' Gertsch, 1935 – United States * ''S. drakensbergensis'' Lawrence, 1947 – South Africa * ''S. eleonorae'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – Brazil * ''S. elizabethae'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. farri'' Alayón, 1985 – Jamaica * ''S. flagellata'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. florifera'' Yin & Xu, 2012 – China * ''S. fourchei'' Lessert, 1939 – DR Congo * ''S. fusca'' Walckenaer, 1837 – North, South America. Introduced to St. Helena, Europe, Africa, Seychelles, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, China, Japan, Hawaii * ''S. genebra'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. gertschi'' Valerio, 1981 – Panama * ''S. gilva'' (Thorell, 1887) – India, Myanmar * ''S. globula'' Nicolet, 1849 – Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina * ''S. gooldi'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. grammocephala'' Simon, 1909 – Vietnam * ''S. guapiassu'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. guttipes'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Trinidad * ''S. hahahae'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – Brazil * ''S. humilis'' L. Koch, 1875 – Ethiopia * ''S. iabaday'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – Brazil * ''S. iara'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Brazil * ''S. ilhota'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. imbituba'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. immaculata'' L. Koch, 1875 – Egypt, Greece * ''S. insperata'' Soares & Camargo, 1948 – Brazil * ''S. intricata'' Banks, 1909 – Mexico, Costa Rica * ''S. itabaiana'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. itacuruassu'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. itapecerica'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. itapevi'' Brescovit & Rheims, 2000 – Brazil * ''S. itzana'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938 – Mexico * ''S. itzli'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. jaguar'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. janauari'' Brescovit & Höfer, 1999 – Brazil * ''S. jousseaumei'' Simon, 1907 – Djibouti * ''S. jurubatuba'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. jurupari'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Brazil * ''S. jyapara'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. kaokoensis'' Lawrence, 1928 – Namibia * ''S. karrooica'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. kinsukus'' Patel, 1975 – India * ''S. kinzelbachi'' Wunderlich, 1995 – Turkey, Jordan * ''S. kumonga'' Zamani & Marusik, 2020 – Oman, Iran * ''S. lanceolata'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. lawrencei'' Lessert, 1939 – DR Congo, South Africa * ''S. leipoldti'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. leprosula'' Strand, 1913 – Central Africa * ''S. lesserti'' Millot, 1941 – Guinea * ''S. lewisi'' Alayón, 1985 – Jamaica * ''S. lineatipes'' Taczanowski, 1874 – St. Vincent, Bonaire, Venezuela, French Guiana * ''S. liui'' Wang, 1994 – China * ''S. loja'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. longipes'' Lucas, 1844 – Central America and South America. Introduced to Guinea, DR Congo, Indonesia (New Guinea), Japan, Australia (Queensland), Pacific Islands, Hawaii * ''S. lorenzoi'' Alayón, 1977 – Cuba * ''S. luteola'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela * ''S. lycosella'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. lyriformis'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. major'' Simon, 1886 – Africa * ''S. mangabeiras'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. mapia'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – Brazil * ''S. mapinguari'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Brazil * ''S. maquine'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. maresi'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – Brazil * ''S. maritima'' Lawrence, 1938 – South Africa * ''S. marlieria'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. maromba'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. marshalli'' Pocock, 1902 – South Africa * ''S. martiusi'' Brescovit & Höfer, 1999 – Brazil * ''S. mawphlongensis'' Tikader, 1966 – India, Nepal, Thailand * ''S. mayahuel'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. minus'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. montana'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. monticola'' González-Sponga, 2004 – Venezuela * ''S. multilineata'' Thorell, 1899 – West, Central Africa * ''S. nambiobyrassu'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. nambiussu'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. nanahuatzin'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. nigristernis'' Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau * ''S. noeli'' Alayón, 1977 – Cuba * ''S. obelisci'' Denis, 1947 – Egypt * ''S. opoxtli'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. orellana'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. oswaldi'' Lenz, 1891 – Madagascar * ''S. paarmanni'' Brescovit & Höfer, 1999 – Brazil * ''S. pallida'' Doleschall, 1859 – India, China, Philippines, Indonesia (Moluccas, New Guinea) * ''S. panamensis'' Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Panama * ''S. panguana'' Brescovit & Höfer, 1999 – Peru * ''S. paramera'' González-Sponga, 2004 – Venezuela * ''S. pholcoides'' Simon, 1898 – Seychelles * ''S. pintodarochai'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. piroca'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – Brazil * ''S. piyampisi'' Rheims, Barreiros, Brescovit & Bonaldo, 2005 – Brazil * ''S. propinqua'' Stoliczka, 1869 – Pakistan, India * ''S. pulchella'' Berland, 1914 – East Africa * ''S. punctipes'' Simon, 1907 – São Tomé and Príncipe * ''S. quarta'' Lawrence, 1927 – Namibia * ''S. quattuordecemmaculata'' Strand, 1907 – China * ''S. quinqua'' Lawrence, 1927 – Namibia, South Africa * ''S. redempta'' Chamberlin, 1924 – Mexico * ''S. reticulata'' Jézéquel, 1964 – Ivory Coast * ''S. robertoi'' Alayón, 1977 – Cuba * ''S. romitii'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana, Brazil * ''S. rubra'' Lawrence, 1937 – South Africa * ''S. ruizensis'' Strand, 1914 – Colombia * ''S. rupestris'' González-Sponga, 2004 – Venezuela * ''S. saaristoi'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. saci'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Brazil * ''S. sansibarica'' Strand, 1907 – Tanzania (Zanzibar) * ''S. schultzei'' Purcell, 1908 – South Africa * ''S. semipullata'' (Simon, 1909) – Tibet * ''S. seppoi'' Bosmans & Van Keer, 2014 – Algeria, Tunisia * ''S. sexstriata'' Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan * ''S. silvatica'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. sincora'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. skuki'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – Brazil * ''S. socialis'' Miller, 2006 – Madagascar * ''S. sordida'' Dyal, 1935 – Pakistan * ''S. stoliczkai'' Simon, 1897 – India * ''S. strussmannae'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – Brazil * ''S. subadulta'' Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.) * ''S. subulata'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. symmetrica'' Lawrence, 1938 – South Africa * ''S. tabuleiro'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. tacapepucu'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. tapacura'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. tapuia'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. tardigrada'' Thorell, 1881 – Myanmar, New Guinea, Australia (Queensland) * ''S. tayos'' Dupérré & Tapia, 2023 – Ecuador * ''S. tegucigalpa'' Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Honduras * ''S. tenerifensis'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Islands * ''S. tertia'' Lawrence, 1927 – Angola, Namibia * ''S. testudo'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. tezcatlipoca'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. thoracica'' (Latreille, 1802) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Iran, temperate Asia, China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America, Argentina, South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand (type species) * ''S. tikaderi'' Biswas, 2023 – Bangladesh * ''S. tinkuan'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Brazil * ''S. tlaloc'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. triangulifera'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa * ''S. trifoliata'' Lawrence, 1938 – South Africa * ''S. tropofila'' González-Sponga, 2004 – Venezuela * ''S. turvo'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. tuyucua'' Brescovit, Rheims & Raizer, 2004 – Brazil * ''S. tyaia'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. tyaiamiri'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. tyaiapyssanga'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. tzitzimime'' Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – Mexico * ''S. uligocetes'' Valerio, 1981 – Costa Rica * ''S. una'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. univittata'' Simon, 1882 – Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, India. Introduced to Hawaii, Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Chile, Ascension Island, Cape Verde, Canary Islands, Morocco, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran ** ''S. u. unilineata'' Thorell, 1887 – Myanmar * ''S. upia'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. vassununga'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. vaurieorum'' Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Mexico, Guatemala * ''S. velutina'' Heineken & Lowe, 1832 – Mediterranean, Cape Verde, Ascension, Seychelles * ''S. venusta'' (Thorell, 1890) – Sri Lanka, Indonesia (Java) * ''S. vieirae'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – Brazil * ''S. xai'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. ybyrapesse'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. yphanta'' Wang, 1994 – China * ''S. yssaiapari'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – Brazil * ''S. ytu'' Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – Brazil * ''S. zamena'' Wang, 1994 – China * ''S. zamorano'' Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Honduras * ''S. zapatana'' Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940 – United States * ''S. tanjiashui'' {{small|Shi, P. Liu, Yao et K. Liu, 2026}} * ''S. bergeri'' {{small|Strand, 1915}} * ''S. bilqis'' {{small|Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006}} * ''S. lara'' {{small|Rheims & Brescovit, 2004}} * ''S. lugubris'' {{small|(Thorell, 1887)}} * ''S. magna'' {{small|Bristowe, 1952}} * ''S. makeda'' {{small|Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006}} * ''S. strandi'' {{small|Spassky, 1941}} * ''S. subthoracica'' {{small|Strand, 1906}} * ''S. suffusa'' {{small|Strand, 1906}} * ''S. vittata'' {{small|Keyserling, 1877}} {{Div col end}} {{collapse bottom}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="wsc">{{cite web | url=https://wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3070 | title=Genus Scytodes | publisher=World Spider Catalog | doi=10.24436/2 | access-date=27 September 2025}}</ref> <ref name=:0>{{Cite journal |last1=Belosludtsev |first1=E. A. |last2=Gasilin |first2=V. 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* 18. Miller, Jeremy. (2006). Web-sharing Sociality and Cooperative Prey Capture in a Malagasy Spitting Spider (Araneae: Scytodidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 57. 739–750. *{{Citation |year=2014|title=Scytodes|publisher=Animal Diversity }} *{{Citation |last=Suter |first=Robert |year=2009|title= Spitting Performance Parameters and Their Biomechanical Implications in the Spitting Spider, ''Scytodes'' |journal=Journal of Insect Science |volume=9 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.1673/031.009.6201 |pmid=20050781 |pmc=3011943 }} *{{Citation |last1=Belosludtsev |first1=E.A. |last2=Gasilin |first2=V.V. |year=2018|title=Cosmopolitan Distribution of the Spitting Spider ''Scytodes thoracica'' Latreille, 1802 (Aranei, Scytodidae) and Its New Findings in the Northern Parts of the Range |journal=Contemporary Problems of Ecology|volume=11|issue=2 |pages=123–136 |doi= 10.1134/S1995425518020038|bibcode=2018CPrEc..11..123B |s2cid=4953468 }}

Category:Scytodidae Category:Araneomorphae genera Category:Cosmopolitan spiders Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille

Scytodes

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