{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in Eudicot family Violaceae}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n15 w1150.jpg | image_caption = ''Schweiggeria fruticosa'' | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Schweiggeria | authority = Spreng.{{sfn|WFO|2019}} | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | type_species = ''Schweiggeria fruticosa'' | type_species_authority = Spreng. | synonyms = ''Glossarrhen'' <small>Mart.</small> }}

'''''Schweiggeria''''' is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with one or two species, found in eastern Brazil.

== Description == Shrubs, with oblanceolate (wider near tip) leaves. White flowers are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical), rarely solitary, in axillary fascicles, with caducous corolla with the bottom petal longer than the others and clawed with a well exserted spur. The stamens have free filaments, with the two lowest being calcarate (spurred).They also possess a large dorsal connective appendage that is entire and oblong-ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is rostellate (beaked) or lobed. The fruit is a thick-walled capsule with three obovoid seeds per carpel.{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}}

== Taxonomy == The genus ''Schweiggeria'' was first described by Sprengel, with the single species ''Schweiggeria fruticosa'', placing it in the family Ionidia, named for the genus ''Ionidium''{{sfn|Sprengel|1820–1823}} in 1821.{{sfn|IPNI|2020}} In 1846, Lindley classified both ''Schweiggeria'' and ''Ionidium'' in Violaceae, within the Violales,{{sfn|Lindley|1846}} although Bentham and Hooker (1862) called the family Violarieae.{{sfn|Bentham|Hooker|1862}}

Historically ''Schweiggeria'' was placed within Violaceae in the subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae, together with ''Anchietea'', ''Calyptrion'', ''Noisettia'' and ''Viola''.{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}} Still these divisions are artificial and not monophyletic. Molecular phylogenetic studies show that Violaceae is best considered as four clades rather than taxonomic ranks. ''Schweiggeria'' occurs in Clade I of the family, consisting of ''Viola'', ''Schweiggeria'', ''Noisettia,'' and ''Allexis'', in which ''Schweiggeria'' and ''Noisettia'' are monotypic and form a sister group to ''Viola''.{{sfn|Wahlert et al|2014}}{{sfn|Yockteng et al|2003}}{{sfn|Ballard et al|1998}}

=== Etymology === Sprengel named the genus in honour of his colleague August Friedrich Schweigger (1783–1821).{{sfn|Sprengel|1820–1823}}

=== Subdivision === Four species have been described;

* ''Schweiggeria floribunda'' <small>A.St.-Hil.</small> * ''Schweiggeria fruticosa'' <small>Spreng.</small> * ''Schweiggeria mexicana'' <small>Schltdl.</small> * ''Schweiggeria pauciflora'' <small>(Mart.) Lindl.</small>

of which two, ''S. fruticosa'' and ''S. mexicana'' are accepted by Plants of the World Online, considering ''S. floribunda'' and ''S. pauciflora'' as synonyms of ''S. fruticosa''.{{sfn|POTWO|2020}} Other authors consider ''Schweiggeria'' to be monotypic for ''S. fruticosa''.{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}}{{sfn|Wahlert et al|2014}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}

== Distribution and habitat == Eastern Brazil.{{sfn|POTWO|2020}}

== References == {{Reflist|20em}}

== Bibliography == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|last1=Ballard|first1=Harvey E|last2=Paula-Souza|first2=Juliana de|last3=Wahlert|first3=Gregory A|editor-last=Kubitzki|editor-first=Klaus|editor-link=Klaus Kubitzki|title=Flowering Plants. 11 Eudicots: Malpighiales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vlkyAEACAAJ|date=2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-39417-1|chapter=Violaceae|pages=303–322|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270759276|ref={{harvid|Ballard et al|2013}}}}{{link note|note=Also preview at [https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/book/978-3-642-39416-4 Springer]}} * {{cite book|last1=Bentham|first1=G.|last2=Hooker|first2=J.D.|author-link1=George Bentham|author-link2=Joseph Dalton Hooker| title=Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita|format=3 vols.|year=1862|publisher=L Reeve & Co.|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/747#/summary|volume=1|chapter=Violarieae|issue=1|pages=114–121|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14680#page/125/mode/1up}} * {{cite book|last1=Byng|first1=James W.|author-link=James W. Byng|title=The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world|date=2014|publisher=Plant Gateway Ltd.|isbn=978-0-9929993-1-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoLaBAAAQBAJ|chapter=Violaceae|pages=238–239}} * {{cite book|last1=Christenhusz|first1=Maarten J. M.|last2=Fay|first2=Michael F.|last3=Chase|first3=Mark W.|author-link1=Maarten Christenhusz|author-link2=Michael F. Fay|author-link3=Mark W. Chase|title=Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLo7DwAAQBAJ|date= 2017|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-52292-0|chapter=Violaceae|pages=324–325|ref={{harvid|Christenhusz et al|2017}}}} * {{cite book|last=Lindley|first=John|author-link=John Lindley|title=The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system|publisher=Bradbury|location=London|edition=1st|year=1846| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7756#/summary|chapter=Violaceae|pages=338–339|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32198#page/412/mode/1up}} * {{cite book |last1=Sprengel |first1=Kurt Polycarp Joachim |author-link=Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel|title=Neue Entdeckungen im ganzen Umfang der Pflanzenkunde 3 vols.|date=1820–1823 |publisher=F. Fleischer |location=Leipzig |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/14299#/summary|pages=I: 167–168|chapter=Ionidia: ''Schweiggeria fruticosa'' |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14338301#page/177/mode/1up}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ballard |first1=Harvey E. |last2=Sytsma |first2=Kenneth J. |last3=Kowal |first3=Robert R. |title=Shrinking the Violets: Phylogenetic Relationships of Infrageneric Groups in Viola (Violaceae) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer DNA Sequences |url=http://sytsma.botany.wisc.edu/pdf/Ballard99.pdf|journal=Systematic Botany |date=October 1998 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=439 |doi=10.2307/2419376|jstor=2419376|ref={{harvid|Ballard et al|1998}}}} * {{cite journal |last1=Wahlert |first1=Gregory A. |last2=Marcussen |first2=Thomas |last3=de Paula-Souza |first3=Juliana |last4=Feng |first4=Min |last5=Ballard |first5=Harvey E. |title=A Phylogeny of the Violaceae (Malpighiales) Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences: Implications for Generic Diversity and Intrafamilial Classification |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256545045|journal=Systematic Botany |date=1 March 2014 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=239–252 |doi=10.1600/036364414X678008|s2cid=86452033 |ref={{harvid|Wahlert et al|2014}}}} * {{cite journal |last1=Yockteng |first1=R. |last2=Jr Ballard |first2=H. E. |last3=Mansion |first3=G. |last4=Dajoz |first4=I. |last5=Nadot |first5=S. |title=Relationships among pansies ( Viola section Melanium ) investigated using ITS and ISSR markers |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225488190|jstor=23645153|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |date=1 November 2003 |volume=241 |issue=3–4 |pages=153–170 |doi=10.1007/s00606-003-0045-7|bibcode=2003PSyEv.241..153Y |s2cid=25104565 |ref={{harvid|Yockteng et al|2003}}}} * {{cite web |last=WFO|author-link=World Flora Online|title=Schweiggeria Spreng.|url= http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000034643|website=World Flora Online |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=2019}} * {{cite web |last=POTWO|title=Schweiggeria Spreng. |url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:41589-1|website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2 April 2020|ref={{harvid|POTWO|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=IPNI|author-link=International Plant Names Index|title= Schweiggeria Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 167 (1821). |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/41589-1|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=3 April 2020|ref={{harvid|IPNI|2020}} }}

{{Refend}}

== External links == {{Commons category}}

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Category:Violaceae Category:Violaceae genera Category:Endemic flora of Brazil Category:Taxa named by Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel