{{Short description|Castle in Cumbria, England}} {{about|the castle|the ship|Scaleby Castle (1798 EIC ship)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox Military Structure |name = Scaleby Castle |location = Scaleby, Cumbria, England |coordinates = {{coord|54.9532|N|2.8619|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}} |gridref = {{gbmapping|NY449624}} |image = 225px |caption = Aerial photograph of Scaleby Castle |pushpin_map = United Kingdom City of Carlisle#Cumbria |pushpin_map_caption = Location in the City of Carlisle district, Cumbria##Location in Cumbria, England |type = |materials = Stone |height = |condition = |ownership = Private |open_to_public = |battles = |events= English Civil War }} '''Scaleby Castle''' is in the village of Scaleby, Cumbria, England. The castle was originally built in the early 14th century, and extended in the 15th century to form a substantial fortification. Parliamentary troops attacked the castle twice during the English Civil War, burning it. It was later restored to form a country house.
==Details==
Robert de Tilliol built Scaleby Castle after 1307, next to the village of Scaleby, {{convert|6|mi|km}} from Carlisle.<ref>Pettifer, p.47.</ref> The Tilliols were a well-established family in the region from the reign of Henry I onwards, and Robert was given the land for the castle by Edward I and granted the authority to build a castle by Edward II.<ref>Taylor, p.344.</ref> The initial castle comprised two sets of buildings, linked by a small courtyard and protected by a curtain wall on both sides, surrounded by a large, circular, water-filled moat approximately {{convert|7.4|m|ft}} wide, and an inner moat, since largely destroyed.<ref>Pettifer, p.47; ''[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=11646 Scaleby Castle]'', National Monuments Record, accessed 5 April 2012.</ref>
The male Tilliol line died out in 1435; the castle then passed by marriage to the Colville family.<ref>Taylor, p.344.</ref> They rebuilt much of the castle in the late 15th century, including remodelling the pele tower, the great hall and the gateway, complete with a polygonal barbican.<ref>Pettifer, p.47.</ref> The pele tower formed a substantial fortification, about {{convert|40|ft|m}} by {{convert|30|ft|m}} across, with three floors and thick walls.<ref>Taylor, p.345.</ref> The Musgrave family acquired the castle and Sir Edward Musgrave rebuilt the south range of the castle in 1596.<ref>Taylor, p.344; Pettifer, p.47.</ref> [[File:A lidar view of Scaleby Castle in Cumbria.jpg|thumb|A lidar view of Scaleby Castle]]
In 1641, the English Civil War broke out between the Royalist supporters of Charles I and Parliament. Sir Edward's grandson, another Sir Edward Musgrave, was a strong Royalist supporter and declared for the king.<ref>Mackenzie, p.331.</ref> In February 1645, Parliamentary forces besieging nearby Carlisle also besieged and eventually seized Scaleby Castle, causing considerable damage; Edward recovered the castle, but in at the start of the Second English Civil War in 1648 he again took up arms on behalf of the king.<ref>Mackenzie, p.331.</ref> This time the castle immediately fell to Parliamentary forces, who set fire to it.<ref>Mackenzie, p.331.</ref>
Sir Edward was heavily in debt so he sold the castle after the war to Richard Gilpin, who restored the property {{circa|1800}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/674.html |title=Scaleby Castle|publisher=Gatehouse Gazetteer |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>Mackenzie, p.332.</ref> The property remained in the hand of the Gilpins until it fell into disrepair; it was restored once again by Rowland Fawcett. In 1847 James Fawcett was resident there.<ref>Mackenzie, p.332; Taylor, p.344.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Images Of Cumbria - Scaleby Parish |url=http://www.stevebulman.f9.co.uk/cumbria/scaleby_f.html |website=www.stevebulman.f9.co.uk}}</ref>
Today the castle is a Grade I listed building and a scheduled monument.<ref>''[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=11646 Scaleby Castle]'', National Monuments Record, accessed 5 April 2012.</ref> It is the seat of Oliver Eden, 8th Baron Henley.
==See also== {{portal|Cumbria}} *Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria *Listed buildings in Scaleby *Castles in Great Britain and Ireland *List of castles in England
==References== {{Reflist|3}}
==Bibliography== {{commons category|Scaleby Castle}} * {{cite book | last = Mackenzie | first = James D. | year = 1896 | title = The Castles of England: Their Story and Structure, Vol II | edition = | publisher = Macmillan | location= New York | oclc = 504892038 | url = https://archive.org/details/castlesenglandt00mackgoog | quote = mackenzie story and structure. | ref = }} * {{cite book | last = Pettifer | first = Adrian | year = 2002 | title = English Castles: A Guide by Counties | edition = | publisher = Boydell Press | location= Woodbridge, UK | isbn = 9780851157825 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=47iheRUGKIEC | ref = }} * {{cite book | last = Taylor | first = Michael Waistell | authorlink = Michael Waistell Taylor | year = 1892 | title = Old Manorial Halls of Westmorland and Cumberland | edition = | publisher = T. Wilson | location= Kendal, UK | isbn = | url = https://archive.org/details/oldmanorialhall00taylgoog | ref = }}
Category:Castles in Cumbria Category:Scheduled monuments in Cumbria Category:Country houses in Cumbria Category:Grade I listed castles Category:Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria Category:Scaleby