Scaldfish

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Scaldfish | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Early Miocene|present}} | image = Arnoglossus laterna 2.jpg | image_caption = ''Arnoglossus laterna'' | taxon = Arnoglossus | authority = Bleeker, 1862 | type_species = ''Pleuronectes arnoglossus'' | type_species_authority = Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonyms = *''Anticitharus'' Günther, 1880 *''Caulopsetta'' Gill, 1893 *''Charybdia'' Facciolà, 1885 *''Kyleia'' Chabanaud, 1931 | synonyms_ref = <ref name = WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS|title=''Arnoglossus'' Bleeker, 1862|id=126109|accessdate = 18 March 2018|db=FishBase|author=Nicola Bailly|year=2014}}</ref> }}

The '''scaldfishes''' comprise a genus, ''Arnoglossus'', of lefteye flounders. They are found in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, including the Mediterranean and Black Sea. They are entirely absent from most of the Americas; the only exceptions are ''A. coeruleosticta'' and ''A. multirastris'' found off Chile. The genus include both species found in shallow and deeper water. The largest species reaches {{cvt|28|cm}}.<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase genus | genus = Arnoglossus| month = March | year = 2024}} in length.</ref>

==Species== The 37 currently recognized species are:<ref name=fishbase/>

* ''Arnoglossus andrewsi'' Kurth, 1954 * ''Arnoglossus arabicus'' Norman, 1939 (Arabian flounder) * ''Arnoglossus armstrongi'' E. O. G. Scott, 1975 * ''Arnoglossus aspilos'' (Bleeker, 1851) (spotless lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus bassensis'' Norman, 1926 (Bass Strait flounder) * ''Arnoglossus boops'' (Hector, 1875) * ''Arnoglossus brunneus'' (Fowler, 1934) (brown lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus capensis'' Boulenger, 1898 (Cape scaldfish) * ''Arnoglossus coeruleosticta'' (Steindachner, 1898) * ''Arnoglossus dalgleishi'' (von Bonde, 1922) (east coast flounder) * ''Arnoglossus debilis'' (C. H. Gilbert, 1905) (weak lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus elongatus'' M. C. W. Weber, 1913 (long lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus fisoni'' J. D. Ogilby, 1898 (Fison's lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus grohmanni'' (Bonaparte, 1837) * ''Arnoglossus imperialis'' (Rafinesque, 1810) (imperial scaldfish) * ''Arnoglossus japonicus'' C. L. Hubbs, 1915 (Japanese lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus kessleri'' P. J. Schmidt, 1915 (scaldback) * ''Arnoglossus kotthausi'' Klausewitz & Schneider, 1986 * ''Arnoglossus laterna'' (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish) * ''Arnoglossus macrolophus'' Alcock, 1889 (large-crested lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus marisrubri'' Klausewitz & M. Schneider, 1986 * ''Arnoglossus micrommatus'' Amaoka, M. Arai & M. F. Gomon, 1997 * ''Arnoglossus muelleri'' (Klunzinger, 1872) (Müller's flounder) * ''Arnoglossus multirastris'' Parin, 1983 * ''Arnoglossus nigrifrons'' Amaoka & Mihara, 2000 * ''Arnoglossus nigrofilamentosus'' Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2017 (Filamentous flounder) * ''Arnoglossus oxyrhynchus'' Amaoka, 1969 (sharp-snout lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus polyspilus'' (Günther, 1880) (many-spotted lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus rueppelii'' (Cocco, 1844) (Rüppell's scaldback) * ''Arnoglossus sayaensis'' Amaoka & Imamura, 1990 * ''Arnoglossus scapha'' (J. R. Forster, 1801) * ''Arnoglossus septemventralis'' Amaoka & Mihara, 2000 * ''Arnoglossus tapeinosoma'' (Bleeker, 1865) (drab flounder) * ''Arnoglossus tenuis'' Günther, 1880 (dwarf lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus thori'' Kyle, 1913 (Thor's scaldfish) * ''Arnoglossus waitei'' Norman, 1926 (Waite's lefteye flounder) * ''Arnoglossus yamanakai'' Fukui, Yamada & Ozawa, 1988 The following fossil species are also known:

* †''Arnoglossus bassanianus'' (Kramberger, 1883) (Middle Miocene of Croatia and Kazakhstan)<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Schwarzhans |first1=Werner |last2=Carnevale |first2=Giorgio |last3=Japundžić |first3=Sanja |last4=Bradić-Milinović |first4=Katarina |date=2017 |title=Otoliths in situ from Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) fishes of the Paratethys. Part V: Bothidae and Soleidae |url=https://sjpp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1007/s13358-017-0128-7 |journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |language=en |volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=109–127 |doi=10.1007/s13358-017-0128-7 |bibcode=2017SwJP..136..109S |issn=1664-2384|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * †''Arnoglossus dispar'' Schwarzhans ''et al.'', 2024 (middle Miocene of Ukraine) [<nowiki/>otolith]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schwarzhans |first1=Werner |last2=Klots |first2=Oleksandr |last3=Kovalchuk |first3=Oleksandr |last4=Dubikovska |first4=Anastasiia |last5=Ryabokon |first5=Tamara |last6=Kovalenko |first6=Volodymyr |date=2024-09-08 |title=Life on a Miocene barrier reef – fish communities and environments in the Medobory backreef |url=https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2024/5322-medobory-backreef-fish-fauna |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |language=English |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=1–44 |doi=10.26879/1429 |issn=1094-8074|doi-access=free }}</ref> * †''Arnoglossus distinctus'' Svichenskaya, 1981 (early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Svichenskaya |first1=A. A. |last2=Svichenskaya |first2=A. A. |date=1981-01-01 |title=New species of Pleuronectiformes from the Caucasian miocene |url=https://eurekamag.com/research/005/981/005981052.php |journal=Paleontological Journal |language=en |volume=1 |pages=127–131 |issn=0031-0301}}</ref> * †''Arnoglossus holleri'' Weinfurter, 1952 (early to middle Miocene of Europe) [otolith]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agiadi |first1=Konstantina |last2=Koskeridou |first2=Efterpi |last3=Thivaiou |first3=Danae |date=2021-07-26 |title=At the crossroads: early Miocene marine fishes of the proto-Mediterranean Sea |url=https://fr.copernicus.org/articles/24/233/2021/ |journal=Fossil Record |language=English |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=233–246 |doi=10.5194/fr-24-233-2021 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021FossR..24..233A |issn=2193-0066}}</ref> * †''Arnoglossus'' ''ovalis'' Svichenskaya, 1981 (early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> * †''Arnoglossus sauvagei'' (Capellini, 1878) (=†''Citharichthys oranensis'' Arambourg, 1927) (Late Miocene of Italy and Algeria)<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=BSPI Vol. 64(2) - Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |url=https://www.paleoitalia.it/bollettino-spi/bspi-vol-642/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gaudant |first=Jean |date=2008 |title=Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements: l'exemple des gisements de poissons téléostéens du Messinien préévaporitique d'Oran et du bassin du Chélif (Algérie) |url=https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/30/1/paleobiodiversite-et-paleoenvironnements-l-exemple-des-gisements-de-poissons-teleosteens-du-messinien-preevaporitique-d-oran-et-du-bassin-du-chelif-algerie |journal=Geodiversitas |language=en |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=141–163}}</ref> * †''Arnoglossus sumgaiticus'' Svichenskaya, 1981 (early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== References == {{Commons category|Arnoglossus}} {{Wikispecies|Arnoglossus}} {{Reflist}}

Category:Scaldfish Category:Bothidae Category:Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker