Serasker

{{Short description|Ottoman Empire military rank}} {{Italic title}} {{wikt | seraskier}} [[File:Mehmed Riza Pasha.jpg|thumb|''Serasker'' Mehmed Riza Pasha (1899)]] '''''Serasker''''', or '''''seraskier''''' ({{langx|ota|سرعسكر}}; {{IPA|tr|ˈseɾaskeɾ}}), is a title formerly used in the Ottoman Empire for a vizier who commanded an army.

Following the suppression of the Janissaries in 1826, Sultan Mahmud II transferred the functions of the old Agha of the Janissaries to the ''serasker''. The latter now became a distinct office at the head of the Ottoman military, combining the functions of a commander-in-chief and a minister of war.<ref name="EI2">{{cite encyclopedia | title = Bāb-i Serʿaskeri | first = Bernard | last = Lewis | authorlink = Bernard Lewis | encyclopedia = The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B | publisher = BRILL | location = Leiden and New York | year = 1986 | isbn = 90-04-08114-3 | page = 838 | url = http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/bab-i-seraskeri-SIM_0972 }}</ref> He also took over the Janissary Agha's former duties regarding the upkeep of order in Istanbul. Indeed, as the police system developed and expanded with the empire's progressive centralization, it became one of the main duties of the ''serasker'' until 1845, when policing became a separate agency.<ref name="EI2"/>

The seat of the ''serasker'' and his department (''bab-i seraskeri'', or ''serasker kapısı''—"Gate of the ''serasker''") initially was in the Eski Saray, but these functions transferred to dedicated buildings in 1865. In 1879 the office was renamed to the Ministry of War (''Harbiye Nezareti'') until 1890, when it reverted to its old name; it was finally renamed again to Ministry of War in 1908.<ref name="EI2"/>

Notable ''seraskers'' included: * Admiral Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha (1769–1855) * Lala Mustafa Pasha ({{circa}} 1500 – 1580) * Mehmed Namık Pasha<ref>Sinaplı, Ahmet Nuri. "Şeyhül Vüzera, Serasker Mehmet Namık Paşa". İstanbul: Yenilik Basımevi, 1987.</ref> (1804-1892) * Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha ({{circa}} 1495 – 1536) * Damat Rüstem Pasha ({{circa}} 1500 – 1561) * Mehmed Riza Pasha (1844–1920)

== References == {{Reflist}}

Category:Government of the Ottoman Empire Category:Military ranks of the Ottoman Empire