{{Short description|City in the Udmurt Republic, Russia}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}} {{Infobox Russian inhabited locality |en_name=Sarapul |ru_name=Сарапул |loc_name1=Сарапул |loc_lang1=Udmurt |image_skyline=Sarapul - Sedelnikov street.jpg |image_caption=Sedelnikova Street in Sarapul |coordinates = {{coord|56|28|N|53|48|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=left |image_coa= |coa_caption= |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Udmurt Republic |federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref149" /> |adm_city_jur=city of republic significance of Sarapul |adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref149" /> |adm_ctr_of=city of republic significance of Sarapul |adm_ctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref149" /> |inhabloc_cat=City |inhabloc_cat_ref= |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |urban_okrug_jur=Sarapul Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref911" /> |mun_admctr_of=Sarapul Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref911" /> |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=101381 |pop_2010census_rank=161st |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1596 |established_title=First mentioned |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date=1780 |current_cat_date_ref=<ref name=Brit/> |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=427960–427962, 427964–427968, 427970–427972, 427974, 427979 |dialing_codes=34147 |dialing_codes_ref= |website= }} '''Sarapul''' (Udmurt and {{langx|ru|Сара́пул}}) is a city and a river port in the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River, {{convert|66|km|sp=us}} southeast of Izhevsk, the capital of the republic. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=101,381|p2002=103,141|p1989=110,381}}
==History== Sarapul is one of the oldest cities of the Kama region. It was first mentioned in a 1596 population audit book as the village ({{lang|ru-Latn|selo}}) of '''{{lang|ru-Latn|Voznesenskoye|italic=no}}''' ({{langx|ru|Вознесе́нское}}, 'Ascension' [of Christ]), later known as Sarapul:{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} "in Kazansky Uyezd in the upper Kama River ... in Sarapul and Siva people fish". Apparently, here ''Sarapul'' is the name of a section of the river, as well as the entire area along its shores. It is believed that the name of this area comes from the word {{lang|cv|сарапуль}} ({{lang|cv-Latn|sarapul}}) which in Chuvash means 'yellow fish', or sturgeon, which was in abundance here. Later, however, other versions of the origin of the name were considered. In particular, one of them says that the word {{lang|und-Latn|sarapul}} formed by the merger of two words: {{lang|und-Latn|sarah}}, which in one of the Siberian dialects means 'money', and {{lang|und-Latn|pul}}, a small copper coin, thus meaning 'place of money'.
It was chartered in 1780<ref name=Brit>"Sarapul" in ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 10, p. 447.</ref> and by the end of the 18th century had grown into a merchant town with developed footwear manufacturing industry.
The city of Sarapul was one of the residence centers of the Udmurt Jews,<ref name="snioo.ru">Altyntsev A.V., "The Concept of Love in Ashkenazim of Udmurtia and Tatarstan", Nauka Udmurtii. 2013. № 4 (66), p. 131. (Алтынцев А.В., [http://snioo.ru/images/stories/nu-print/nu4662013.pdf "Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази Удмуртии и Татарстана".] Наука Удмуртии. 2013. №4. С. 131: Комментарии.) {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>Пюрияйнен Д.М., [http://elibrary.udsu.ru/xmlui/handle/123456789/4021 "Население уездного города Сарапула во второй половине XIX - начале XX в.: социокультурный аспект"] : автореф. дис. на соиск. учен. степ. канд. ист. наук. Ижевск, 2009. С. 18. {{in lang|ru}}</ref> who spoke Udmurtish Yiddish.<ref name="snioo.ru"/> In the lexicon of this dialect there was a noticeable number of Udmurt and Tatar loan words.<ref>Goldberg-Altyntsev A.V., [http://files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru/200000026-c8fefc9fbc/A.%20Goldberg-Altyntsev%20-%20A%20short%20ethnographic%20overview%20of%20the%20Ashkenazic%20Jews%20group%20in%20Alnashsky%20District%20of%20Udmurt%20Republic.pdf "A short ethnographic overview of the Ashkenazic Jews' group in Alnashsky District of Udmurt Republic".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807070933/http://files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru/200000026-c8fefc9fbc/A.%20Goldberg-Altyntsev%20-%20A%20short%20ethnographic%20overview%20of%20the%20Ashkenazic%20Jews%20group%20in%20Alnashsky%20District%20of%20Udmurt%20Republic.pdf |date=August 7, 2020 }} Die Sammlung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten der jungen jüdischen Wissenschaftler. Herausgegeben von Artur Katz, Yumi Matsuda und Alexander Grinberg. München, Dachau, 2015. S. 51.</ref><ref name="files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru">[http://files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru/200000031-6b7256d64f/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B%20%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%20%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.pdf Гольдберг-Алтынцев А.В., "Краткий этнографический обзор группы ашкеназских евреев в Алнашском районе Удмуртской Республики / пер. с англ. яз. А.Й. Каца."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807005358/http://files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru/200000031-6b7256d64f/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B%20%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%20%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.pdf |date=August 7, 2020 }} Jewish studies in the Udmurt Republic: Online. Part 1. Edited by A. Greenberg. February 27, 2015 published. P. 3. {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
==Geography== ===Climate=== {{Weather box |location = Sarapul (1991-2020, extremes 1923-present) |metric first = Yes |single line = yes |Jan mean C = -11.8 |Feb mean C = -11.0 |Mar mean C = -4.3 |Apr mean C = 4.7 |May mean C = 13.0 |Jun mean C = 17.4 |Jul mean C = 19.6 |Aug mean C = 17.0 |Sep mean C = 11.2 |Oct mean C = 4.2 |Nov mean C = -3.9 |Dec mean C = -9.9 |year mean C = |Jan low C = -15.2 |Feb low C = -14.6 |Mar low C = -8.0 |Apr low C = 0.4 |May low C = 7.4 |Jun low C = 12.0 |Jul low C = 14.3 |Aug low C = 12.3 |Sep low C = 7.3 |Oct low C = 1.4 |Nov low C = -6.3 |Dec low C = -12.9 |year low C = |Jan high C = -8.4 |Feb high C = -7.2 |Mar high C = -0.2 |Apr high C = 10.0 |May high C = 19.6 |Jun high C = 23.5 |Jul high C = 25.5 |Aug high C = 22.8 |Sep high C = 16.5 |Oct high C = 7.8 |Nov high C = -1.3 |Dec high C = -7.0 |year high C = |Jan record high C = 4.3 |Feb record high C = 5.6 |Mar record high C = 15.6 |Apr record high C = 30.0 |May record high C = 35.3 |Jun record high C = 36.9 |Jul record high C = 37.0 |Aug record high C = 38.6 |Sep record high C = 31.9 |Oct record high C = 23.9 |Nov record high C = 14.2 |Dec record high C = 4.5 |year record high C =38.6 |Jan record low C = -47.4 |Feb record low C = -42.7 |Mar record low C = -30.9 |Apr record low C = -21.4 |May record low C = -11.3 |Jun record low C = -2.2 |Jul record low C = 3.1 |Aug record low C = 0.8 |Sep record low C = -4.6 |Oct record low C = -20.9 |Nov record low C = -32.3 |Dec record low C = -48.3 |year record low C = |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 43 |Feb precipitation mm = 32 |Mar precipitation mm = 34 |Apr precipitation mm = 29 |May precipitation mm = 47 |Jun precipitation mm = 63 |Jul precipitation mm = 65 |Aug precipitation mm = 68 |Sep precipitation mm = 49 |Oct precipitation mm = 56 |Nov precipitation mm = 47 |Dec precipitation mm = 42 |year precipitation mm = |Jan precipitation days = 18.8 |Feb precipitation days = 14.3 |Mar precipitation days = 13.3 |Apr precipitation days = 10.3 |May precipitation days = 11.5 |Jun precipitation days = 12.4 |Jul precipitation days = 12.1 |Aug precipitation days = 11.8 |Sep precipitation days = 13.0 |Oct precipitation days = 15.9 |Nov precipitation days = 16.8 |Dec precipitation days = 18.2 |year precipitation days = 168.3 |Jan sun = 47 |Feb sun = 92 |Mar sun = 155 |Apr sun = 221 |May sun = 285 |Jun sun = 308 |Jul sun = 316 |Aug sun = 254 |Sep sun = 154 |Oct sun = 79 |Nov sun = 44 |Dec sun = 36 |year sun = | source 1 =Pogoda.ru.net<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28418.htm|title=Климат Ачинска - Погода и климат}}</ref> |source 2 = climatebase.ru (precipitation days, sun 1923-2012)<ref name="climatebase">{{cite web|title=Sarapul, Russia|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/28418|language=en|publisher=Climatebase.ru|accessdate=January 24, 2013}}</ref> }}
==Administrative and municipal status== Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Sarapul—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.<ref name="Ref149">Law #46-RZ</ref> As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Sarapul is incorporated as Sarapul Urban Okrug.<ref name="Ref911">Law #76-RZ</ref>
==Economy== Currently, Sarapul is the second most important industrial town in the republic after Izhevsk.
==Honors== The asteroid 26851 Sarapul was named by astronomer Eric Elst in the city's honor on June 1, 2007.<ref>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=26851 NASA]</ref>
==Notable people== * Ruslan Avleev, basketball player * Zulya Kamalova, singer * Yevgeny Kychanov, historian * Peter Palchinsky, engineer * Vladimir Sarayev, football player * Oleg Zhakov, actor
==References== thumb|Firefighters Depot and Signal Tower in Sarapul
===Notes=== {{Reflist}}
===Sources=== *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|ud|adm|law}} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|ud|mun|list|sarapul}} *This article incorporates material from the Russian Wikipedia
==External links== *[http://sarapul.ru Website of Sarapul] {{in lang|ru}} *[https://rzkudm.ru Website Sarapul production of metal products] {{in lang|ru}}
{{Udmurt Republic}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Cities and towns in Udmurtia Category:Sarapulsky Uyezd Category:Populated places on the Kama (river)