{{Infobox river | name = Santiam River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = [[Kalapuya people|Kalapuya]] tribe that lived near the river until removal to the [[Grande Ronde Reservation]]<ref name = "McArthur"> {{cite book | last1 = McArthur | first1 = Lewis A. | last2 = McArthur | first2 = Lewis L. | year = 2003 | title = Oregon Geographic Names |edition = 7th | publisher = Oregon Historical Society Press | location = Portland, OR | isbn = 0-87595-277-1 | page = 848 }} </ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Santiam River near I-5.JPG | image_caption = Near [[Interstate 5]] in Linn County | image_size = 300 | map = Santiamrivermap.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Map of the Willamette River watershed with the Santiam River highlighted | pushpin_map = USA Oregon | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth of the Santiam River in Oregon <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[United States]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Oregon]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = County | subdivision_name4 = [[Linn County, Oregon|Linn]] and [[Marion County, Oregon|Marion]] | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|12|mi|km|abbr=on}}{{efn| The maps include [[river mile]] (RM) markers for the river's entire length. From mouth to source they depict the Monmouth, Sydney, and Albany Oregon quadrants.<ref name=topoquest-multiple-quads> {{cite web | title = Monmouth, Sydney, and Albany Oregon quadrants | publisher = United States Geological Survey | type = topographic map | url = http://www.topoquest.com/map.php?lat=44.689167&lon=-123.0075&datum=nad83&zoom=4 |access-date = July 24, 2009 | via = TopoQuest }} </ref> }} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Jefferson, Oregon|Jefferson]] | discharge1_min = {{convert|260|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|7714|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|202000|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = confluence of [[North Santiam River|North Santiam]] and [[South Santiam River|South Santiam]] rivers | source1_location = [[Linn County, Oregon|Linn]] and [[Marion County, Oregon|Marion]] counties, [[Oregon]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|44|41|21|N|123|00|27|W|display=inline}}<ref name="gnis">{{cite web | work = [[Geographic Names Information System]] (GNIS) | publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = November 28, 1980 | url ={{Gnis3|1163256}} | title = Santiam River | accessdate = July 24, 2009}}</ref> | source1_elevation = {{convert|222|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="GE">[[Google Earth]] elevation for GNIS coordinates</ref> | mouth = [[Willamette River]] | mouth_location = between [[Albany, Oregon|Albany]] and [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]], [[Marion County, Oregon|Marion County]], [[Willamette Valley]], [[Oregon]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|44|45|00|N|123|08|20|W|display=inline,title}}<ref name="gnis"/> | mouth_elevation = {{convert|164|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name = "gnis"/> | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|1830|sqmi|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}
The '''Santiam River''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|æ|n|t|iː|ˈ|æ|m}} is a tributary of the [[Willamette River]], about {{convert|12|mi|km}} long, in western [[Oregon]] in the United States. Through its two principal tributaries, the [[North Santiam River|North Santiam]] and the [[South Santiam River|South Santiam]] rivers, it drains a large area of the [[Cascade Range]] at the eastern side of the [[Willamette Valley]] east of [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]] and [[Corvallis, Oregon|Corvallis]].
==Watershed== The main course of the river is short, formed in the Willamette Valley by the confluence of the North and South Santiam rivers on the border between [[Linn County, Oregon|Linn]] and [[Marion County, Oregon|Marion]] counties approximately {{convert|8|mi|km}} northeast of [[Albany, Oregon|Albany]]. It flows generally west-northwest in a slow [[meander]]ing course to join the Willamette from the east approximately {{convert|8|mi|km}} north of Albany.
Both the North and South Santiam rise in high Cascades in eastern Linn County. The [[Middle Santiam River]] joins the South Santiam where the South Santiam is impounded to form [[Foster Lake]]. The North Santiam is impounded to form the {{convert|400|ft|m|adj=on}} deep [[Detroit Lake]] in the Cascades. The Santiam is a major source of water supply for Salem.
==History== The land surrounding Santiam river is the historic homeland of the Santiam band of the [[Kalapuya]]. Chief Alaquema (aka Joe Hutchins) of the Santiam negotiated with U.S. representative John Gain at the Santiam Treaty Council in 1851 before the forced removal of the Santiam and other Kalapuya tribes to the Grande Ronde reservation. After days of arguing, Alaquema told Gain, "We understand fully what you mean and that it may be better for us, but our minds are made up." He pointed to the land between the fork of the river on a map and said, "We wish to reserve this piece of land. We do not wish to leave this. We would rather be shot on it than removed." This treaty was however never ratified and in 1856 the Santiam were later forced to leave the fork in the Santiam River they had fought to preserve.<ref> {{cite web | title = Culture Photo - Chief Alaquema | publisher = Confederated Tribes of the Grande Ronde Community of Oregon | work = Chinuk Wawa for iPhone | url = https://apps.apple.com/us/app/chinuk-wawa/id908108231 | access-date = May 20, 2021 }} </ref>
The [[Great Flood of 1862|Great Willamette Flood of 1861]], which crested on December 2, destroyed many structures and animals on prairies near its confluence with the Willamette River and south of Knox Butte.<ref> {{cite web | title = Marion County Flood of 1861 | author = Stephenie Flora | work = The Oregon Territory and Its Pioneers | url = http://www.oregonpioneers.com/Flood_1861.htm | access-date = November 22, 2007 }} </ref>
==Fire district== Santiam River Zone is staffed by the Santiam Type 2 initial attack hand crew and two engines based out of the Detroit Ranger District. Additionally the Willamette National Forest has fire crews on the Mckenzie and Middle Fork Ranger Districts.
==See also== * [[List of Oregon rivers]] * [[Willamette Riverkeeper]]
==Footnotes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist|25em}}
==External links== * {{cite web |title=North Santiam Watershed Council |url=http://www.nsantiamwatershed.org/ }} * {{cite web |title=South Santiam Watershed Council |url=http://www.sswc.org/ }} * {{cite web |title=Willamette Riverkeeper |url=http://www.willamette-riverkeeper.org/WRK/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716170753/http://www.willamette-riverkeeper.org/WRK/index.html |archive-date=2009-07-16 }}
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[[Category:Rivers of Oregon]] [[Category:Rivers of Marion County, Oregon]] [[Category:Rivers of Linn County, Oregon]] [[Category:Tributaries of the Willamette River]] [[Category:Kalapuya]] [[Category:Oregon placenames of Native American origin]]