Sanshikan

{{Short description|Government body of the Ryūkyū Kingdom}} {{Italic title|reason=:Category:Japanese words and phrases}} The '''''Sanshikan''''' ({{lang|ryu|三司官}} {{translit|ryu|sanshikwan}}), or '''Council of Three''', was a government body of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, which originally developed out of a council of regents.

==History==

It emerged in 1556, when the young Shō Gen, who was mute, ascended to the throne of Ryūkyū. The council of regents that formed in order to handle this challenge and manage the country on the king's behalf soon grew into an established and powerful government organ. Shō Gen died in 1571, but the Council remained, acting alongside the successive kings in managing the affairs of government. In fact, the ''Articles Subscribed to by the King's Councillors'', which bound the royal government in loyalty and servitude to the Japanese ''daimyō'' of Satsuma, explicitly prohibit the king from "entrust<nowiki>[ing]</nowiki> the conduct of public affairs in the islands to any persons other than San-shi-kuan".<ref>Kerr p163.</ref>

Over time, the Sanshikan eclipsed the power and prestige of the ''sessei'', a post which is often translated as "prime minister," and which served as chief royal advisor. Candidates to join the Council of Three had to live in Shuri, the capital, and had to pass tests of both merit and birth; they had to be of proper aristocratic heritage, and to pass tests of knowledge of literature, ethics, and other classical Chinese subjects. These exams were very much akin to those taken by scholar-bureaucrats in China, but were less strict.

The council, and ''sessei'', worked alongside the heads of various administrative departments who were known as the Council of Fifteen when assembled. The Fifteen advised the higher-ranking officials on policy, and made recommendations to fill vacancies in the administration.

The ''Sanshikan'' was dismantled along with the rest of the royal government when Ryūkyū was formally annexed by Meiji Japan in the 1870s. Members of Ryūkyū's aristocratic class were allowed to maintain some of their prestige and privileges, but even members of the council were only afforded the equivalent of the sixth rank in the Japanese Imperial Court structure.

==List of ''Sanshikan''== === Uncategorized === {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | Name ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | In office ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | Kings |- | Yoasutahemaushikakokauchinoōyakumohi<br />{{lang|ja|世アスタヘマウシカ子カウチノ大ヤクモヒ}} || ?-? || Shō Shin |- | Yoasutahemiyaheiōyakumohimaikusakako<br />{{lang|ja|世アスタヘミヤ平大ヤクモヒマイクサカ子}} || ?-? || Shō Sei |- | Yoasutahekauchinoōyakumohitarukako<br />{{lang|ja|世アスタヘカウチノ大ヤクモヒタルカ子}} || ?-? || Shō Sei |- | Yoasutahekusukunoōyakumohimaikusa<br />{{lang|ja|世アスタヘクスクノ大ヤクモヒマイクサ}} || ?-? || Shō Sei |- | Sanshikan Takushi Daijin<br />{{lang|ja|三司官沢子大臣}} || ?-? || Shō Gen |- | Mō Bunei Takushi ''Ueekata'' Seiri<br />{{lang|ja|毛文英 沢岻 親方 盛里}} || ? - 1526 || Shō Shin, Shō Sei |- | Ba Shiryō Kunigami ''Ueekata'' Seiin<br />{{lang|ja|馬思良 国頭 親方 正胤}} || ?-1537 || Shō Shin, Shō Sei |- | Yō Taikaku Yamauchi ''Ueekata'' Shōshin<br />{{lang|ja|楊太鶴 山内 親方 昌信}} || || Shō Sei |- | Ma Bodo Ōzato ''Ueekata'' Seigyō<br />{{lang|ja|麻勃都 大里 親方 盛行}} || ?-1546 || Shō Sei |- | Go Keigen Kunigami ''Ueekata'' Sengen<br />{{lang|ja|呉啓元 国頭 親方 先元}} || ?-1549 || Shō Sei |- | Tō Gensai Kochinda ''Ueekata'' Seigu<br />{{lang|ja|東元宰 東風平 親方 政供}} || ?-1560 || Shō Sei |- | In Tatsuro Gusushi ''Ueekata'' Yōken<br />{{lang|ja|殷達魯 宜寿次 親方 庸憲}} || || Shō Sei |- | Boku Gentoku Ikegusuku ''Ueekata'' Shōshi<br />{{lang|ja|穆源徳 池城 親方 昌氏}} || || Shō Sei, Shō Gen |- | Ba Juntoku Kunigami ''Ueekata'' Seikaku<br />{{lang|ja|馬順徳 国頭 親方 正格}} || || Shō Gen |- | Hō Tokushin Ganaha ''Ueekata'' Jogen<br />{{lang|ja|封徳新 我那覇 親方 助元}} || || Shō Sei |- | Wa Imi Kunigami ''Ueekata'' Keimei<br />{{lang|ja|和為美 国頭 親方 景明}} || ?-1559 || Shō Sei, Shō Gen |- | Katsu Kashō Gusukuma ''Ueekata'' Shūshin<br />{{lang|ja|葛可昌 城間 親方 秀信}} || ?-1559 || Shō Sei, Shō Gen |- | Mō Ryūgin Aragusuku ''Ueekata'' Anki<br />{{lang|ja|毛龍唫 新城 親方 安基}} || || Shō Gen |- | Mō Ren Ikegusuku ''Ueekata'' Antō<br />{{lang|ja|毛廉 池城 親方 安棟}} || ?-1579 || Shō Gen, Shō Ei |- | Ō Jushō Kunigami ''Ueekata'' Seijun<br />{{lang|ja|翁寿祥 国頭 親方 盛順}} || ?-1580 || Shō Gen, Shō Ei |- | Mō Genryū Kunigami ''Ueekata'' Seimai<br />{{lang|ja|毛元龍 国頭 親方 盛埋}} || 1580-? || Shō Ei |- | Kin Kokutei Gushichan ''Ueekata'' Nōan<br />{{lang|ja|金国鼎 具志頭 親方 能安}} || ?-1593 || Shō Ei, Shō Nei |- | Mō Ryūbun Tomigusuku ''Ueekata'' Seishō<br />{{lang|ja|毛龍文 豊見城 親方 盛章}} || 1583-1604 || Shō Ei, Shō Nei |- | Go Seisai Kunigami ''Ueekata'' Senji<br />{{lang|ja|呉世済 国頭 親方 先次}} || ?-1599 || Shō Nei |- |}

=== ''Chūkaban'' ({{lang|ja|丑日番}}) === {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | Name ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | In office ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | Kings |- | Ō Kishō Gusukuma ''Ueekata'' Seikyū<br />{{lang|ja|翁寄松 城間 親方 盛久}} || 1601-1605 || Shō Nei |- | Tei Dō Jana ''Ueekata'' Rizan<br />{{lang|ja|鄭迵 謝名 親方 利山}} || 1606-1611 || Shō Nei |- | Mō Hōchō Yuntanza ''Ueekata'' Seishō<br />{{lang|ja|毛鳳朝 読谷山 親方 盛韶}} || 1611-1623 || Shō Nei, Shō Hō |- | Mō Kijin Nakijin ''Ueekata'' Sōnō<br />{{lang|ja|孟帰仁 今帰仁 親方 宗能}} || 1622-1629 || Shō Hō |- | Ba Shōren Katsuren ''Ueekata'' Ryōkei<br />{{lang|ja|馬勝連 勝連 親方 良継}} || 1629-1643 || Shō Hō, Shō Ken |- | Ba Kami Ōsato ''Ueekata'' Ryōan<br />{{lang|ja|馬加美 大里 親方 良安}} || 1643-1652 || Shō Ken, Shō Shitsu |- | Shō Kokuyō Chatan ''Ueekata'' Chōchō<br />{{lang|ja|向国用 北谷 親方 朝暢}} || 1652-1666 || Shō Shitsu |- | Mō Kokutō Gushichan ''Ueekata'' Antō<br />{{lang|ja|毛国棟 具志頭 親方 安統}} || 1666-1675 || Shō Shitsu, Shō Tei |- | Shō Mizai Goeku ''Ueekata'' Chōsei<br />{{lang|ja|向美材 越来 親方 朝誠}} || 1675-1683 || Shō Tei |- | Ō Jigi Inamine ''Ueekata'' Seihō<br />{{lang|ja|翁自儀 稲嶺 親方 盛方}} || 1683-1696 || Shō Tei |- | Shō Seishun Nakada ''Ueekata'' Chōjū<br />{{lang|ja|向世俊 仲田 親方 朝重}} || 1696-1702 || Shō Tei |- | Mō Kiryū Shikina ''Ueekata'' Seimei<br />{{lang|ja|毛起龍 識名 親方 盛命}} || 1702-1712 || Shō Tei, Shō Eki |- | Ō Jidō Ishadō ''Ueekata'' Seifu<br />{{lang|ja|翁自道 伊舎堂 親方 盛富}} || 1712-1721 || Shō Kei |- | Shō Ryūyoku Ufugusuku ''Ueekata'' Chōshō<br />{{lang|ja|向龍翼 大城 親方 朝章}} || 1722-1723 || Shō Kei |- | Mō Shōshō Mabuni ''Ueekata'' Ansei<br />{{lang|ja|毛承詔 摩文仁 親方 安政}} || 1723-1725 || Shō Kei |- | Mō Heijin Misato ''Ueekata'' Anman<br />{{lang|ja|毛秉仁 美里 親方 安満}} || 1725-1735 || Shō Kei |- | Shō Joshū Shikina ''Ueekata'' Chōei<br />{{lang|ja|向汝楫 識名 親方 朝栄}} || 1735-1745 || Shō Kei |- | Shō Tokukō Ginowan ''Ueekata'' Chōga<br />{{lang|ja|向得功 宜野湾 親方 朝雅}} || 1745-1750 || Shō Kei |- | Mō Kyōken Zakimi ''Ueekata'' Seishū<br />{{lang|ja|毛恭倹 座喜味 親方 盛秀}} || 1750-1752 || Shō Kei |- | Ba Genretsu Yonabaru ''Ueekata'' Ryōchō<br />{{lang|ja|馬元烈 与那原 親方 良暢}} || 1752-1754 || Shō Boku |- | Ba Sentetsu Miyahira ''Ueekata'' Ryōtei<br />{{lang|ja|馬宣哲 宮平 親方 良廷}} || 1755-1782 || Shō Boku |- | Shō Tenteki Ie ''Ueekata'' Chōkei<br />{{lang|ja|向天廸 伊江 親方 朝慶}} || 1782-1801 || Shō Boku, Shō On |- | Shō Bunryū Kyan ''Ueekata'' Chōchō<br />{{lang|ja|向文龍 喜屋武 親方 朝昶}} || 1801-1805 || Shō On, Shō Sei, Shō Kō |- | Ba Isai Yonabaru ''Ueekata'' Ryōō<br />{{lang|ja|馬異才 与那原 親方 良応}} || 1805-1820 || Shō Kō |- | Ō Kōretsu Ishadō ''Ueekata'' Seigen<br />{{lang|ja|翁宏烈 伊舎堂 親方 盛元}} || 1821-1828 || Shō Kō |- | Ba Tokubō Yonabaru ''Ueekata'' Ryōkō<br />{{lang|ja|馬徳懋 与那原 親方 良綱}} || 1828-1848 || Shō Kō, Shō Iku, Shō Tai |- | Mō Zōkō Ikegusuku ''Ueekata'' Anyū<br />{{lang|ja|毛増光 池城 親方 安邑}} || 1848-1862 || Shō Tai |- | Shō Yūkō Giwan ''Ueekata'' Chōho<br />{{lang|ja|向有恒 宜湾 親方 朝保}} || 1862-1875 || Shō Tai |- | Mō Hōrai Tomikawa ''Ueekata'' Seikei<br />{{lang|ja|毛鳳来 富川 親方 盛奎}} || 1875-1879 || Shō Tai |- |}

=== ''Shikaban'' ({{lang|ja|巳日番}}) === {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | Name ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | In office ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | Kings |- | Shō Ritan Urasoe ''Ueekata'' Chōshi<br />{{lang|ja|向里端 浦添 親方 朝師}} || ?-1611 || Shō Nei |- | Mō Hōgi Ikegusuku ''Ueekata'' Anrai<br />{{lang|ja|毛鳳儀 池城 親方 安頼}} || 1611-1624 || Shō Nei, Shō Hō |- | Kin Ōshō Gushichan ''Ueekata'' Anshi<br />{{lang|ja|金応照 具志頭 親方 安之}} || 1624-1627 || Shō Hō |- | Mō Taiun Tomigusuku ''Ueekata'' Seiryō<br />{{lang|ja|毛泰運 豊見城 親方 盛良}} || 1627-1642 || Shō Hō, Shō Ken |- | Shō Kokuki Kunigami ''Ueekata'' Chōki<br />{{lang|ja|向国噐 国頭 親方 朝季}} || 1643-1654 || Shō Ken, Shō Shitsu |- | Ba Hōki Kanegusuku ''Ueekata'' Ryōsei<br />{{lang|ja|馬逢熙 兼城 親方 良正}} || 1654-1665 || Shō Shitsu |- | Mō Taiei Inoha ''Ueekata'' Seiki<br />{{lang|ja|毛泰永 伊野波 親方 盛紀}} || 1665-1688 || Shō Shitsu, Shō Tei |- | Mō Kokuzui Sadoyama ''Ueekata'' Anji<br />{{lang|ja|毛国瑞 佐渡山 親方 安治}} || 1688-1693 || Shō Tei |- | Ba Teishun Yonabaru ''Ueekata'' Ryōgi<br />{{lang|ja|馬廷駿 与那原 親方 良義}} || 1693-1694 || Shō Tei |- | Mō Kokusei Inoha ''Ueekata'' Seihei<br />{{lang|ja|毛克盛 伊野波 親方 盛平}} || 1694-1699 || Shō Tei |- | Ba Teiki Kōchi ''Ueekata'' Ryōshō<br />{{lang|ja|馬廷噐 幸地 親方 良象}} || 1700-1710 || Shō Tei, Shō Eki |- | Shō Genryō Tajima ''Ueekata'' Chōyū<br />{{lang|ja|向元良 田島 親方 朝由}} || 1710-1716 || Shō Eki, Shō Kei |- | Mō Ōhō Katsuren ''Ueekata'' Seiyū<br />{{lang|ja|毛応鳳 勝連 親方 盛祐}} || 1716-1719 || Shō Kei |- | Shō Wasei Ie ''Ueekata'' Chōjo<br />{{lang|ja|向和声 伊江 親方 朝叙}} || 1720-1745 || Shō Kei |- | Shō Kentoku Fukuyama ''Ueekata'' Chōken<br />{{lang|ja|向倹徳 譜久山 親方 朝見}} || 1745-1755 || Shō Kei, Shō Boku |- | Mō Bunwa Urasoe ''Ueekata'' Anzō<br />{{lang|ja|毛文和 浦添 親方 安蔵}} || 1755-1759 || Shō Boku |- | Mō Genyoku Ikegusuku ''Ueekata'' Anmei<br />{{lang|ja|毛元翼 池城 親方 安命}} || 1760-1769 || Shō Boku |- | Ba Kokuki Yonabaru ''Ueekata'' Ryōku<br />{{lang|ja|馬国噐 与那原 親方 良矩}} || 1769-1796 || Shō Boku, Shō On |- | Ba Kokugi Kōchi ''Ueekata'' Ryōtoku<br />{{lang|ja|馬克義 幸地 親方 良篤}} || 1796-1798 || Shō On |- | Mō Kokutō Takehara ''Ueekata'' Anshitsu<br />{{lang|ja|毛国棟 嵩原 親方 安執}} || 1798-1811 || Shō On, Shō Sei, Shō Kō |- | Ba Ōshō Oroku ''Ueekata'' Ryōwa<br />{{lang|ja|馬応昌 小禄 親方 良和}} || 1811-1818 || Shō Kō |- | Ō Teitō Tamagusuku ''Ueekata'' Seirin<br />{{lang|ja|翁廷棟 玉城 親方 盛林}} || 1818-1823 || Shō Kō |- | Mō Teijō Ikegusuku ''Ueekata'' Ankon<br />{{lang|ja|毛廷勷 池城 親方 安昆}} || 1823-1829 || Shō Kō |- | Shō Teikai Ginowan ''Ueekata'' Chōkon<br />{{lang|ja|向廷楷 宜野湾 親方 朝昆}} || 1829-1835 || Shō Kō |- | Mō Ishin Kochinda ''Ueekata'' Ando<br />{{lang|ja|毛惟新 東風平 親方 安度}} || 1836-1839 || Shō Iku |- | Ba Inchū Oroku ''Ueekata'' Ryōkyō<br />{{lang|ja|馬允中 小禄 親方 良恭}} || 1839-1847 || Shō Iku |- | Mō Kōtoku Zakimi ''Ueekata'' Seifu<br />{{lang|ja|毛恒徳 座喜味 親方 盛普}} || 1847-1858 || Shō Tai |- | Shō Jorei Fukuyama ''Ueekata'' Chōten<br />{{lang|ja|向汝礪 譜久山 親方 朝典}} || 1858-1871 || Shō Tai |- | Shō Rinshi Kawahira ''Ueekata'' Chōhan<br />{{lang|ja|向麟趾 川平 親方 朝範}} || 1871-1873 || Shō Tai |- | Mō Yūhi Ikegusuku ''Ueekata'' Anki<br />{{lang|ja|毛有斐 池城 親方 安規}} || 1873-1877 || Shō Tai |- | Ba Kensai Yonabaru ''Ueekata'' Ryōketsu<br />{{lang|ja|馬兼才 与那原 親方 良傑}} || 1877-1879 || Shō Tai |- |}

=== ''Yūkaban'' ({{lang|ja|酉日番}}) === {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | Name ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | In office ! align="center" style="background:#efefef;" | Kings |- | Mō Ryūgin Aragusuku ''Ueekata'' Anki<br />{{lang|ja|毛龍唫 新城 親方 安基}} || ?-? || Shō Gen |- | Ba Ryōsen Urasoe ''Ueekata'' Ryōken<br />{{lang|ja|馬良詮 浦添 親方 良憲}} || ?-1566 || Shō Gen |- | Ba Seiei Nago ''Ueekata'' Ryōin<br />{{lang|ja|馬世栄 名護 親方 良員}} || 1566-1592 || Shō Gen, Shō Ei, Shō Nei |- | Ba Ryōhitsu Nago ''Ueekata'' Ryōhō<br />{{lang|ja|馬良弼 名護 親方 良豊}} || 1592-1614 || Shō Nei |- | Mō Keiso Tomigusuku ''Ueekata'' Seizoku<br />{{lang|ja|毛継祖 豊見城 親方 盛続}} || 1614-1622 || Shō Nei, Shō Hō |- | Shō Kakurei Kunigami ''Ueekata'' Chōchi<br />{{lang|ja|向鶴齢 国頭 親方 朝致}} || 1622-1635 || Shō Hō |- | Shō Kakusen Urasoe ''Ueekata'' Chōri<br />{{lang|ja|向鶴躚 浦添 親方 朝利}} || 1636-1638 || Shō Hō |- | Shō Hōgen Ginowan ''Ueekata'' Seisei<br />{{lang|ja|章邦彦 宜野湾 親方 正成}} || 1641-1652 || Shō Ken |- | Shō Seibun Mabuni ''Ueekata'' Chōi<br />{{lang|ja|向成文 摩文仁 親方 朝維}} || 1654-1670 || Shō Ken, Shō Shitsu, Shō Tei |- | Mō Kokuchin Ikegusuku ''Ueekata'' Anken<br />{{lang|ja|毛国珍 池城 親方 安憲}} || 1670-1690 || Shō Tei |- | Mō Kenryū Takehara ''Ueekata'' An'i<br />{{lang|ja|毛見龍 嵩原 親方 安依}} || 1690-1697 || Shō Tei |- | Mō Tensō Ikegusuku ''Ueekata'' An'i<br />{{lang|ja|毛天相 池城 親方 安倚}} || 1699-1710 || Shō Tei, Shō Eki |- | Ba Kenzu Nago ''Ueekata'' Ryōi<br />{{lang|ja|馬獻図 名護 親方 良意}} || 1710-1728 || Shō Eki, Shō Kei |- | Sai On Gushichan ''Ueekata'' Bunjaku<br />{{lang|ja|蔡温 具志頭 親方 文若}} || 1728-1752 || Shō Kei |- | Shō Ketsu Kochinda ''Ueekata'' Chōei<br />{{lang|ja|向傑 東風平 親方 朝衛}} || 1752-1765 || Shō Boku |- | Shō Hōten Wakugawa ''Ueekata'' Chōkyō<br />{{lang|ja|向邦鼎 湧川 親方 朝喬}} || 1765-1778 || Shō Boku |- | Shō Kōki Fukuyama ''Ueekata'' Chōki<br />{{lang|ja|向宏基 譜久山 親方 朝紀}} || 1778-1798 || Shō Boku, Shō On |- | Ba Bunzui Yonabaru ''Ueekata'' Ryōtō<br />{{lang|ja|馬文瑞 与那原 親方 良頭}} || 1798-1803 || Shō On, Shō Sei |- | Mō Kōkoku Sadoyama ''Ueekata'' Anshun<br />{{lang|ja|毛光国 佐渡山 親方 安春}} || 1803-1815 || Shō Kō |- | Shō Shōkun Ie ''Ueekata'' Chōan<br />{{lang|ja|向承訓 伊江 親方 朝安}} || 1815-1826 || Shō Kō |- | Mō Shikkō Zakimi ''Ueekata'' Seichin<br />{{lang|ja|毛執功 座喜味 親方 盛珍}} || 1826-1836 || Shō Kō |- | Shō Kan Kanegusuku ''Ueekata'' Chōten<br />{{lang|ja|向寛 兼城 親方 朝典}} || 1836-1839 || Shō Iku |- | Shō Ryōhitsu Kuniyoshi ''Ueekata'' Chōshō<br />{{lang|ja|向良弼 国吉 親方 朝章}} || 1840-1851 || Shō Iku, Shō Tai |- | Shō Kōkun Sakuma ''Ueekata'' Seimō<br />{{lang|ja|章鴻勲 佐久真 親方 正孟}} || 1852-1854 || Shō Tai |- | Shō Tōseki Kōchi ''Ueekata'' Chōken<br />{{lang|ja|向統績 幸地 親方 朝憲}} || 1854-1857 || Shō Tai |- | Ba Kokushō Oroku ''Ueekata'' Ryōchū<br />{{lang|ja|馬克承 小禄 親方 良忠}} || 1857-1859 || Shō Tai |- | Ba Chōtō Yonabaru ''Ueekata'' Ryōkyō<br />{{lang|ja|馬朝棟 与那原 親方 良恭}} || 1859-1871 || Shō Tai |- | Mō Inryō Kamegawa ''Ueekata'' Seibu<br />{{lang|ja|毛允良 亀川 親方 盛武}} || 1871-1872 || Shō Tai |- | Shō Kyoken Urasoe ''Ueekata'' Chōshō<br />{{lang|ja|向居謙 浦添 親方 朝昭}} || 1872-1879 || Shō Tai |- |}

==Notes== <references/>

==References== *Kerr, George H. (2000). Okinawa: the History of an Island People. (revised ed.) Boston: Tuttle Publishing. *Smits, Gregory (1999). "Visions of Ryukyu: Identity and Ideology in Early-Modern Thought and Politics." Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.

==External links== *{{in lang|ja}}[http://manwe.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/d-archive/s/viewer?&cd=00030240 中山王府相卿伝職年譜 向祐等著写本] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902092648/http://manwe.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/d-archive/s/viewer?&cd=00030240 |date=2017-09-02 }}

{{Sanshikan}} {{Government of the Ryukyu Kingdom}}

{{Italic title|reason=:Category:Japanese words and phrases}}

Category:Sanshikan Category:1556 establishments in Asia