{{Short description|17th-century Indian classical musical treatise}} {{Odissi Classical Music sidebar}}
The '''Sangita Narayana''' ([[IAST]]: ''''Sangīta Nārāyana'''') is a 17th-century musical treatise belonging to the tradition of [[Odissi music]] (a genre of classical music in India), written by musician ''Kabiratna'' [[Purusottama Misra]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Misra |first=Purusottama |title=Sangitanarayana (A Seventeenth Century Text on Music and Dance from Orissa) |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts and Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |year=2009 |isbn=9788120832886 |editor-last=Bose |editor-first=Prof. Mandakranta}}</ref> and attributed to Gajapati ''Sarbagya'' [[Jagannatha Narayana Deva]] of [[Paralakhemundi]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kavi |first=M. Ramakrishna |title=Bharatakosa (A Dictionary to Technical Terms with definitions on Music and Dance Collected from the Works of Bharata and Others) |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=1999 |asin=B00GS1O0H4}}</ref> It is one of the most important musical treatises discovered from Odisha and is one of the fundamental texts followed in [[Odissi music]] till date.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Badajena Mahapatra |first=Krusnadasa |title=Geeta Prakash |publisher=Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi |year=1983 |editor-last=Panigrahi |editor-first=Nilamadhab |location=Bhubaneswar |author-link=Krusnadasa Badajena Mahapatra}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Panda |first=Pt. Gopal Chandra |title=Odisi Raga Ratnabali |year=2004 |location=Bhubaneswar |language=hi |script-title=hi:ओडिसी राग रत्नावली |oclc=225908458 |author-link=Gopal Chandra Panda}}</ref> The treatise was first published by the [[Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi]] in 1966,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deva |first=Gajapati Narayana |title=Sangita Narayana |publisher=Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi |year=1966 |editor-last=Acharya |editor-first=Pt. Banambara |location=Bhubaneswar |editor-last2=Patnaik |editor-first2=Kabichandra Dr. Kali Charan |editor-link2=Kalicharan Pattnaik |editor-last3=Mohapatra |editor-first3=Kedarnath |editor-link3=Kedarnath Mohapatra}}</ref> followed by a critical edition published by the [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] in 2009.<ref name=":0" /> Manuscripts of the work are found across India, indicating its national circulation.<ref name=":0" /> In 1987, Jonathan Katz in his D. Phil. thesis extensively analysed the musicological portions of the Sangitanarayana.<ref name=":0" />
== Author == Purusottama Misra hailed from a family of musicians and litterateurs. He is known to have composed another musical treatise by the name of ''Talasangraha'', which is unavailable.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Parhi |first=Dr. Kirtan Narayan |title=The Classicality of Orissi Music |publisher=Maxcurious Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=2017 |isbn=9788193215128 |location=India |pages=383 |author-link=Kirtan Narayan Parhi}}</ref> In the ''Sangita Narayana'', several older treatises are cited, including ''[[Vishnu Purana]], Narada Samhita, [[Shiva Samhita]], Parshurama Samhita, [[Brihaddeshi]], Kohaliyam, [[Sangita Ratnakara]], Panchamasara Samhita, Sangita Ratnamala, Sangita Damodara, [[Sangita Kaumudi]], [[Gita Prakasa]]'' among others.<ref name=":12" /> The work is dated to 1646-50 AD by Dr. Mamata Mishra based on comparative study with the work of the Narayana Misra's ''[[Sangita Sarani]]'', Narayana being the son of Purusottama.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Misra |first=Kabiratna Narayana |title=Sangita Sarani |publisher=Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi |editor-last=Mishra |editor-first=Dr. Mamata |location=Bhubaneswar}}</ref> Prof. Mandakranta Bose too dates it to the 17th century.<ref name=":0" />
The patron of the work Gajapati Jagannatha Narayana Deva was the erstwhile ruler of Paralakhemundi, one of the largest and most powerful kingdoms in ancient Odisha. The king identifies himself as a disciple of ''Kabiratna'' Purusottama Misra in a graceful tribute to his Guru.<ref name=":12" />
== Contents == The text deals with the conventional trio of ''gita, vadya, nrtya'' that form ''sangita'' and it does so in exemplary detail.<ref name=":12" /> The example songs given to illustrate points are mostly dedicated to Gajapati Narayana Deva.<ref name=":0" /> Like most Odia authors, Misra begins his treatise with a customary invocation to [[Jagannath|Jagannatha]], the venerable deity of Odisha.<ref name=":0" />
He cites certain musicologists preceding him, like [[Harinayaka]], author of ''[[Sangitasara]]'' and Krusnadasa Badajena Mahapatra, author of ''[[Gita Prakasa]].''<ref name=":1" />
The ragas described in the Sangita Narayana are ''Sri, Natta, Karnāta, Rebagupta, Basanta, Bhairaba, Bangāla, Soma, Āmrapanchama, Kāmoda, Megha, Drābidagouda, Turaska Gouda, Barādi, Drabida Barādi, Desi Barādi, Suddha Barādi, Gujjari, Sourastra Gujjari, Dakhina Gujjari, Todi, Mālabasri, Saindhabi, Debakiri, Rāmakiri, Prathama Manjari, Nattā, Belābali, Goudi, Gouda, Nāta, Ghantāraba, Nata Nārāyana, Bhupati, Sankarābharana, Madhyamādi, Mallāra, Desapāla, Mālaba, Andolita (Hindola), Nagadhwani, Gundakiri, Khambhābati, Madhyamādi, Mallāra, Desapāla, Mālaba, Megharanji, Manju Kalyānikā, Chhāyātodi, Pratāpabelābali, Pourabi, Nattamallārika, Ballabi, Gouri, Saranga, Āsābari'' and ''Mukhābari''.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Parhi |first=Kirtan Narayan |title=Perspectives on Orissa |publisher=Centre for study in civilizations |year=2009 |editor-last=Mohapatra |editor-first=PK |location=New Delhi |pages=613–626 |chapter=Odissi Music : Retrospect and Prospect |author-link=Kirtan Narayan Parhi}}</ref> Most of these ragas continue to be popular in present-day [[Odissi music]] repertoires.<ref name=":3" />
== References == <references />
== Read more ==
* [[iarchive:sangita-narayana-600|''Sangita Narayana'' published by Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi, 1966. Edited by Pt Banambara Acharya, Kabichandra Dr. Kalicharan Patnaik and Pt Kedarnath Mahapatra.]] {{Odissi music}}{{Odia culture}} [[Category:Odissi music]] [[Category:Odia literature]] [[Category:17th-century Sanskrit literature]] [[Category:Culture of Odisha]]