Sanda Domain

{{short description|Japanese feudal domain located in Settsu Province}} {{Infobox former subdivision |_noautocat = no |native_name =三田藩 |conventional_long_name = Sanda Domain |common_name = Sanda Domain |subdivision = [[Han system|Han]] |status_text = under the Tokugawa shogunate |government_type = Daimyō  |capital = [[Sanda Castle]] |coordinates = {{Coord|34|53|12.781|N|135|13|16.104|E|region:JP-28_scale:20000_source:jawiki|display=inline}} |political_subdiv =  |today = part of [[Hyōgo Prefecture]]   |year_start = 1600 |year_end = 1871 |event_start = |date_start = |event_end =  |date_end =  |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |event4 = |date_event4 = |event5 = |date_event5 = |life_span = |era = Edo period |event_pre =  |date_pre = |event_post =  |date_post =  |image_flag =  |image_border =  |flag_type =  |flag =  |image_coat = |symbol_type = |symbol =  |image_map = |image_map_caption =  |stat_year1 =  |stat_area1 =  |stat_pop1 =  |footnotes =  }} {{image frame | width = 255 | content = {{Location map|Japan Hyogo Prefecture#Japan |width = |float = |border = |caption = Location of Sanda Castle |alt = |relief = 1 |AlternativeMap= |overlay_image = |label = |label_size = |position = |background = |mark = |marksize = |coordinates= {{Coord|34|53|12.781|N|135|13|16.104|E|region:JP_scale:20000_source:jawiki|display=inline}} }} }} [[File:Michitaka Kuki.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Kuki Michitaka, last ''daimyō'' of Sanda]] [[file:Ruin of Sanda Castle.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Site of Sanda Castle]]

{{nihongo|'''Sanda Domain'''|三田藩| Sanda-han}} was a [[Han (Japan)|feudal domain]] under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] of [[Edo period]] Japan, located in [[Settsu Province]] in what is now the southeastern portion of modern-day [[Hyōgo Prefecture]]. It had its administrative headquarters at Sanda [[jin'ya]] (later styled "Sanda Castle"), located in what is now the city of [[Sanda, Hyōgo|Sanda]], [[Hyōgo Prefecture]]. It was controlled by the ''[[tozama daimyō]]'' [[Kuki clan]] throughout most of its history. <ref name="Nakayama">{{cite book |last1=Nakayama |first1=Yoshiaki |title=江戸三百藩大全全藩藩主変遷表付 |date=2015 |publisher=Kosaido Publishing |isbn= 978-4331802946}}{{in lang|ja}}</ref><ref name="Nigi">{{cite book |last1=Nigi |first1=Kenichi |title=藩と城下町の事典―国別 |date=2004 |publisher=Tokyodo Printing |isbn=978-4490106510}}</ref><ref name="Papinot">{{cite book | last = Papinot | first = E| year = 1910| title = Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan | publisher = Tuttle (reprint) 1972 }}</ref>

==History== [[Araki Murashige]] conquered [[Settsu Province]] for [[Oda Nobunaga]] and rebuilt an ancient fortification which had been erected by the [[Akamatsu clan]] as Sanda Castle in 1575. After he was killed in his revolt against Nobunaga in 1582, the castle was assigned to Nobunaga's general, Yamazaki Katase as part of a 23,000 ''[[koku]]'' domain. His son, Yamazaki Iemori, although serving in the losing Western Army in the [[Battle of Sekigahara]], was transferred to Wakasa Domain in [[Inaba Province]] with an increase to 30,000 ''koku'' by [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]. He was replaced by [[Arima Noriyori]], a general in the Eastern Army. On his death, the domain was merged by his heir Arima Toyōji, with [[Fukuchiyama Domain]] in [[Tamba Province]] and Sanda Castle was destroyed. Due to his exploits in the [[Battle of Osaka]] in 1620, he was promoted to 200,000 ''koku'' and transferred to [[Kurume Domain]] in [[Chikugo Province]]. In 1626, Matsudaira Shigenao, formerly of [[Kaminoyama Domain]] in [[Dewa Province]] was assigned a ''[[kokudaka]]'' of 30,000 ''koku'', and Sanda Domain was reestablished. He was later transferred to [[Bungo Province]]. In 1633, Kuki Hisakata was transferred to Sanda from [[Toba Domain]] in [[Shima Province]]. The Kuki clan had a fleet of armored ships and controlled maritime traffic around [[Ise Bay]], fighting on both sides during the Battle of Sekigahara, with Kuki Yoshitaka siding with the western forces loyal to [[Toyotomi Hideyori]], and his son Kuki Moritaka, joining the eastern armies of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]. With the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, Kuki Moritaka was confirmed as ''daimyō'' of Toba, initially with a ''kokudaka'' of 35,000 ''koku'', growing to 55,000 ''koku'' under his son Kuki Hisataka. However, on Kuki Hisakata's death, there was a succession dispute, and the shogunate punished both parties by reassigning Kuki Hirakata to inland Sanda with 36,000 ''koku'' and his brother Kuki Takase to inland [[Ayabe Domain]] in [[Tanba Province]] with 20,000 ''koku''.

The Kuki ruled Sanda for 240 years until the [[Meiji restoration]]. However, due to their large number of retainers and reduced circumstances, the clan was always in financial difficulties. In 1742, the 7th ''daimyō'' , Kuki Takayoshi, opened a [[han school|domain school]], ''Kokkokan''. In 1780, when the 8th ''daimyō'', Kuki Takamura, raised taxes, a peasant uprising broke out, and several merchant houses in the castle town were destroyed. Kuki Takakuni, the 10th ''daimyō'' reformed the han school 'Kokkoukan' as 'Zoshikan.' He also showed an interest in [[rangaku|Western studies]], and opened the modernization of the Sanda Domain. He was also raised in status to that of a "castle-holding daimyō", although no castle was actually built. The 13th (and final) ''daimyō'', Kuki Takayoshi, reformed domain administration and reformed the domain army along Western lines. In 1867, he led his modernized forces on the imperial side in the [[Battle of Toba-Fushimi]] to overthrow the shogunate. Upon learning that would be developed as a foreign trade port, he helped establish 'Shima San Shokai,' Kobe's first import trading company. This was successful, and he embarked on the real estate and financial businesses, and had a great influence on the urban development of Kobe. In 1871, Sanda Domain became "Sanda Prefecture" with the [[abolition of the han system]]. Later it was incorporated into [[Hyōgo Prefecture]]. In 1884, Kuki Takayoshi became a [[viscount]] (''shishaku'') in the new ''[[kazoku]]'' peerage.

Sanda ''jin'ya'' was located on the site of the current Arima High School, and the ''daimyō'' residence was located on the site of the current Mita Elementary School. At present, all that remains is a portion of a water moat.

==Holdings at the end of the Edo period== As with most domains in the [[han system]], Sanda Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''[[kokudaka]]'', based on periodic [[cadastral]] surveys and projected agricultural yields.<ref>[[Jeffrey Mass|Mass, Jeffrey P.]] and William B. Hauser. (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv99D510nHcC&pg=PA150&dq= ''The Bakufu in Japanese History,'' p. 150].</ref><ref>Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=T2_5_W7UFXwC&pg=PA18&dq= ''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18].</ref>

*[[Settsu Province]] **53 villages in Arima District *[[Tanba Province]] **10 villages in [[Hikami District, Hyōgo|Hikami District]]

== List of daimyō ==

:{| class=wikitable ! #||Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank || ''[[kokudaka]]'' |- |colspan=6| [[File:HiOuginiYotsumeYui.png|25px]] '''[[Yamazaki clan]],''' 1591-1601 (''[[Tozama]]'') |- ||1||{{nihongo|[[Yamazaki Iemori]]| 山崎家盛}}||1591 - 1601||''Sama-no-jo'' (左馬允)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||23,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| [[File:Japanese Crest Arima Tomoe.svg|25px]] '''[[Arima clan]],''' 1601-1620 (''[[Tozama]]'') |- ||1||{{nihongo|[[Arima Noriyori]]| 有馬則頼}}||1601 - 1602||''Nakatsukasa-no-shoyu'' (中務少輔)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||20,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| [[File:Japanese Crest Arima Tomoe.svg|25px]] under [[Fukuchiyama Domain]] 1602-1620 |- |colspan=6| [[File:Mitsubaaoi.jpg|25px]] '''[[tenryō]]''' 1620 -1626 |- |colspan=6| [[File:Japanese crest Kituki Sasa.svg|25px]] '''[[Matsudaira clan|Nomi-Matsudaira clan]],''' 1626-1632 (''[[Fudai]]'') |- ||1||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Shigenao]]|松平重直}}||1626 - 1632||''Tango-no-kami'' (丹後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||30,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| [[File:Japanese Crest Shichiyoumon rev.svg|25px]] '''[[Kuki clan]],''' 1632 - 1871 (''[[Tozama]]'') |- ||1||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Hisataka]]|九鬼久隆}}||1632 - 1649||''Yamato-no-kami'' (大和守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||2||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takamasa]]|九鬼隆昌}}||1639 - 1669||''Nagato-no-kami'' (長門守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||3||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takanori]]|九鬼隆律}}||1669 - 1686||''Izumi-no-kami'' (和泉守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||4||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Suetaka]]|九鬼副隆}}||1686 - 1697||''Nagato-no-kami'' (長門守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||5||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takahisa]]|九鬼隆久}}||1697 - 1717||''Yamato-no-kami'' (大和守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||6||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takayasu]]|九鬼隆抵}}||1717 - 1733||''Tango-no-kami'' (丹後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||7||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takayori]]|九鬼隆由}}||1733 - 1743||''Ise-no-kami'' (伊勢守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||8||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takamura]]|九鬼隆邑}}||1743 - 1785||''Yamato-no-kami'' (大和守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||9||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takaharu]]|九鬼隆張}}||1785 - 1798||''Nagato-no-kami'' (長門守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||10||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takakuni]]|九鬼隆国}}||1798 - 1843||''Izumi-no-kami'' (和泉守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||11||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takanori]]|九鬼隆徳}}||1843 - 1854||''Nagato-no-kami'' (長門守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||12||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Kiyotaka]]|九鬼精隆}}||1854 - 1859||''Nagato-no-kami'' (長門守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- ||13||{{nihongo|[[Kuki Takayoshi]]|九鬼隆義}}||1859 - 1871||''Nagato-no-kami'' (長門守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||36,000 ''koku'' |- |}

== See also == * [[List of Han]] * [[Abolition of the han system]]

==Further reading== * [[Harold Bolitho|Bolitho, Harold]]. (1974). ''Treasures Among Men: The Fudai Daimyo in Tokugawa Japan.'' New Haven: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-01655-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185685588 OCLC 185685588]

==References== {{reflist}}

[[Category:Domains of Japan]] [[Category:1591 establishments in Japan]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1591]] [[Category:1871 disestablishments in Japan]] [[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1871]] [[Category:Settsu Province]] [[Category:History of Hyōgo Prefecture]] [[Category:Kuki clan]]