{{Short description|Somali clan}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Sanbur | native_name = Sanbuur <br /> صنبور | native_name_lang = | flag = 60px60px45px | image = | region1 = {{flagcountry|Somaliland}} | region2 = {{flagcountry|Ethiopia}} | region3 = {{flagcountry|Kenya}} | langs = Somali, Arabic | rels = Islam (Sunni) | related_groups = | related-c = Habr Je'lo, Habr Awal, Arap, Garhajis, and other Isaaq groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->|| }} The '''Sanbur''' ({{langx|so|Sanbuur}}, {{langx|ar|صنبور}}, Full Name: ''Ibrāhīm ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad'') is a major clan of the wider Isaaq clan family.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Department|first=India Foreign and Political|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ItENAAAAIAAJ&q=sambur+habr&pg=RA1-PA207|title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries|date=1892|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Somaliland|first=British|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43hDAQAAMAAJ&q=sambur+habr|title=Ordinances and Regulations|date=1906|publisher=Wyman|language=en}}</ref> Its members form part of the larger Habr Habusheed confederation along with the Habr Je'lo, Ibran and Tol Je'lo clans.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Haggenmacher|first=Gustav Adolf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-wBT1UOcpUC&q=sambur+somali&pg=PA41|title=G. A. Haggenmacher's Reise Im Somali-lande, 1874: Mit Einer Originalkarte|date=1876|publisher=J. Perthes|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Abbink|first=J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RsAWAQAAIAAJ&q=habr+habusheed|title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy: A Preliminary Sketch|date=1999|publisher=African Studies Centre|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hsOAQAAMAAJ&q=habr+habusheed|title=مجلة الصومال|date=1954|publisher=The Society|language=en}}</ref> Politically however, the Sanbur fall under the Habr Je'lo clan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szhNAQAAIAAJ&q=sambur+habr|title=Ethnographic Survey of Africa|date=1969|publisher=International African Institute.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTjkAAAAMAAJ&q=sambur+ishak|title=Encyklopaedie der Naturwissenschaften|date=1900|publisher=E. Trewendt|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Renders|first=Marleen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfgxAQAAQBAJ&q=sambur+isaaq&pg=PA136|title=Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions|date=2012-01-27|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-22254-0|language=en}}</ref>
The clan primarily inhabits the Togdheer and Sanaag regions of Somaliland, especially the towns of Qallocan and Ruguuda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=John Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ&q=habr+habusheed+sambur|title=A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950," Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D. 484|date=1951|publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Montclos|first=Marc-Antoine Pérouse de|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qm_aAAAAMAAJ&q=sambur+isaaq|title=Diaspora et terrorisme|date=2003|publisher=Presses de Sciences Po|isbn=978-2-7246-0897-7|language=fr}}</ref>
== History ==
=== Lineage === Sheikh Ishaaq ibn Ahmed was one of the Arabian scholars that crossed the sea from Arabia to the Horn of Africa to spread Islam around 12th to 13th century. He is said to have been descended from Prophet Mohammed's daughter Fatimah. Hence, the Sheikh belonged to the Ashraf or Sada, titles given to the descendants of the prophet. He married two local women in Somaliland that left him eight sons, one of them being Ibrahim (Sanbur). The descendants of those eight sons constitute the Isaaq clan-family.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref>
=== Trading === The Sanbur have a long history of trading and are known as a wealthy clan by other Somalis. The Sanbur-inhabited port town of Ruguuda was a well known landmark to navigators and legendary Arab explorer Ahmad ibn Mājid wrote of Ruguda and a few other many notable landmarks and ports of the northern Somali coast, including Berbera, the Sa'ad ad-Din islands aka the Zeila Archipelago near Zeila, Siyara, Maydh, Alula, El-Sheikh, Heis and El-Darad.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-45932-1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=77y2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA252|chapter=Ibn Majid}}</ref>
John Hanning Speke, an English explorer who made an exploratory expedition to the area in an attempt to reach the Nugaal Valley, described the port town however he made simple error as he described reer dood as the son of Ibrahim sh isaaq but is actually son of muse sh isaaq, same error happened to with Ogaden as they was always described as harti when they are absame. Simple errors could occur at 1855 as there was a huge language barrier between the explorers and the natives Somalis.:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burton|first=Richard F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1iyDwAAQBAJ&q=first+footsteps+in+east+africa|title=First Footsteps in East Africa; or, an Exploration of Harar|date=2019-09-25|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand|isbn=978-3-7340-8950-3|language=en}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=On the 21st October, 1854, Lieutenant Speke, from the effects of a stiff easterly wind and a heavy sea, made by mistake the harbour of Rakudah. This place has been occupied by the Rer Dud, descendants of Sambur, son of Ishak. It is said to consist of an small fort, and two or three huts of matting, lately re-erected. About two years ago the settlement was laid waste by the rightful owners of the soil, the Musa Abokr, a sub-family of the Habr Tal Jailah.|author=Sir Richard Francis Burton|title=|source=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar}}
== Distribution == The Sanbur primarily reside in Togdheer and Sanaag regions in Somaliland, especially the towns of Qalloocan and Ruguuda.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> They also have a large settlement in Kenya where they are known as a constituent segment of the Isahakia community.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Waal|first1=Alexander De|year=1993|title=Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-s8tAQAAIAAJ&q=garhajis+settlement}} |</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMoNDgAAQBAJ&q=Habr+Yunis+warrior&pg=PT37|title=I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.|date=3 February 2017|isbn=9781315308173}}</ref>
* Abdirashid Duale – a British-Somali entrepreneur and the CEO of Dahabshiil, an international funds transfer company
==References== {{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanbur}} Category:Somali clans Category:Somaliland people