{{About||the Carbon-14 discoverer|Sam Ruben|the KTLA entertainment reporter|Sam Rubin}} {{Use American English|date=May 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox person | name = Samuel Ruben | image = | caption = Samuel Newhouse | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|7|14}} | birth_place = Harrison, New Jersey, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1988|7|16|1900|7|14}} | death_place = Milwaukie, Oregon, U.S. | occupation = Inventor | known_for = Contributions to electrochemistry and solid-state technology, founding of Duracell | spouse = | children = }}
'''Samuel Ruben''' (14 July 1900 – 16 July 1988) was an American inventor who made lasting contributions to electrochemistry and solid-state technology, including the founding of Duracell. He is listed as an inventor in over [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=samuel+ruben&FIELD1=INNM&co1=OR&TERM2=&FIELD2=&d=PALL 200 patents.]
==Early life== Born in Harrison, New Jersey to a Jewish family,<ref>[https://www.jta.org/1966/05/12/archive/jew-designated-as-inventor-of-the-year-by-washington-institute Jew Designated As ‘inventor of the Year’ by Washington Institute] May 12, 1966, Jewish Telegraphic Agency</ref> Samuel Ruben got his start in electronics when he became a licensed ham radio operator and built radios with spare parts. He had no college degree, withdrawing from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn after a few years due to stress.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Samuel Ruben papers 1932-1984 | url =http://othmerlib.sciencehistory.org/record=b1025886~S6 | website = Science History Institute | access-date = 2018-03-26 }}</ref> Samuel Ruben met professor Bergen Davis of Columbia University who tutored him and allowed him to sit in on some Columbia classes. He later returned as a research student at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.<ref name="engineering.nyu.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://engineering.nyu.edu/news/2016/04/19/patently-proud|title=Patently Proud | NYU Tandon School of Engineering|date=19 April 2016 }}</ref> Ruben received several honorary degrees. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree from his alma mater Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, as well as from Columbia University in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Science where he served as a Senior Staff Associate, and Butler University. He also taught at Harvard as a lecturer in chemistry. He endowed a scholarship for Chemical Engineering at Polytechnic (1968–1972).<ref name="engineering.nyu.edu"/>
==Company history== Samuel Ruben established Ruben Laboratories in the early 1920s, when Bergen Davis persuaded Electrochemical's main investor Malcolm Clephane to finance a private laboratory for Ruben in lower Manhattan. Ruben moved himself and the lab to New Rochelle, New York, where he would stay for the next 60 years.<ref name=NYTobit/><ref>“The Wizard of New Rochelle,” ''Business Week'' (4 Nov. 1967), 69.</ref> Clephane would finance the project for 50% of any future royalties. Throughout his lifetime his work accumulated over 300 patents.<ref name=NYTobit>{{cite news | first=Glenn | last=Fowler | title=Samuel Ruben, 88, an Inventor Noted for Electrochemical Work | url =https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB071FF6385D0C738EDDAE0894D0484D81 | work =The New York Times | access-date = 2007-08-20 | date=20 July 1988}}</ref> Ruben teamed with Philip Mallory to create what would become Duracell International. Ruben developed the mercury button cell in 1942 to replace the zinc-carbon batteries at a request from the Army Signal Corps.
With over 100 inventions credited to him personally, one of the most important was the dry electrolytic aluminium capacitor,<ref>US Patent Nr. 1774455, ''Electric condenser'', eingereicht 19. Oktober 1925, erteilt am 26. August 1930</ref> the solid-state magnesium/cupric sulfide rectifier (a device that converted regular household electric current for use in radios), the vacuum tube relay, the quick heater vacuum tube, and the concept of a balanced-cell mercury battery.
Ruben worked as a researcher from 1918–1921 for the Electrochemical Products Company. He was awarded the Acheson Award by the Electrochemical Society in 1970.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.electrochem.org/awards/ecs/recipients/acheson_recipients.htm|title=Edward Goodrich Acheson Award Recipients|publisher= Electrochemical Society|access-date= 1 November 2015}}</ref>
He died two days after his 88th birthday in Milwaukie, Oregon.
==Books== Samuel Ruben published multiple books, * "Handbook of the Elements" - A unique way he chose to display the elements. * "Necessity's Children: Memoirs of an Independent Inventor" - An autobiography. * "The Founders of Electrochemistry" * "The Electronics of Materials" * "The Evolution of Electric Batteries in Response to Industrial Needs"
==Awards and honors== *Edward Longstreth Medal of the Franklin Institute (1972)<ref name="LongstrethMedal_Laureates">{{cite web|url=http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=LONG+&sy=1971&ey=1973name=Submit |title=Franklin Laureate Database - Edward Longstreth Medal 1972 Laureates |publisher=Franklin Institute |access-date=November 23, 2011}}</ref> *Columbia University Honorary Doctorate{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} *Butler University Honorary Doctorate{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} *Polytechnic Institute Honorary Doctorate(1968){{citation needed|date=June 2022}} * Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1966)<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref> *Named Inventor of the Year by George Washington University(1965)<ref>{{cite web|title=Reuben Selected Inventor of the Year|date=1966-04-20|work=Nashua Telegraph|pages=17|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=16srAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RP0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6763%2C5366603}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== * {{cite book | title=The Samuel Ruben papers 1932-1984 | url =http://othmerlib.sciencehistory.org/record=b1025886~S6 | website = Science History Institute | access-date = 2018-03-26 }} * {{cite journal|last1=Bullock|first1=Kathryn R.|title=Samuel Ruben: Inventor, Scholar, and Benefactor|journal=The Electrochemical Society Interface|date= 2006|volume=15|issue=3|pages=16–17 |doi=10.1149/2.F02063IF|url=http://www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/fal/fal06/fall06_p16-17.pdf|access-date=26 March 2018}} * {{cite news|last1=FOWLER|first1=GLENN|title=Samuel Ruben, 88, an Inventor Noted for Electrochemical Work|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/20/obituaries/samuel-ruben-88-an-inventor-noted-for-electrochemical-work.html|access-date=26 March 2018|work=The New York Times|date=1988}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060907201048/http://www.duracell.com/au/main/pages/company-information-duracell-history.asp Duracell History] * [https://archive.today/20121212040502/http://electrochem.cwru.edu/ed/encycl/art-b02-batt-nonr.htm Electrochemistry Encyclopedia, entry: nonrechargeable batteries]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruben, Samuel}} Category:20th-century American Jews Category:1900 births Category:20th-century American chemists Category:1988 deaths Category:Jewish chemists Category:Battery inventors Category:Scientists from New Rochelle, New York Category:Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni