{{short description|British journalist and abolitionist (1811–1865)}} {{other people|Samuel Lucas}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox person | name = Samuel Lucas | image = CoxAndSamuelLucasAtThe Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840.jpg | caption = Rev. Cox (left) and Samuel Lucas (right) shown in a detail from ''The Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840'', by Benjamin Robert Haydon | birth_name = | birth_date = 1811 | birth_place = Wandsworth, London, England | death_date = {{death date and age|16 April 1865|1811|df=y}} | death_place = London, England | resting_place = Highgate Cemetery | other_names = | known_for = Abolitionist, editor of the ''Morning Star'' | education = | employer = | occupation = | title = | height = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Samuel Lucas''' (1811 – 16 April 1865) was a British journalist and abolitionist. He was the editor of the ''Morning Star'' in London, the only national newspaper in Britain to support the Unionist cause in the American Civil War. He died knowing that legal slavery in America had ended. In 2010 a U.S. Embassy attaché visited the tomb of Samuel Lucas.<ref name="us"/> Lucas lived to hear the "tidings of the destruction of the slave power in the United States"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/people-and-places/anglo-american-heritage/Commemoration/ |title= Tomb of Samuel Lucas and Margaret Bright Lucas|work= Commemoration |publisher=English Heritage |access-date=2010-12-10 }}</ref>
==Biography== '''Samuel Lucas''' was born in 1811 to a Quaker family in Wandsworth. Frederick Lucas was his younger brother. His father bought and sold corn. Lucas married his cousin Margaret Bright on 6 September 1839 who was also from a well connected family in the Society of Friends. His wife was to become famous in her own right largely after Lucas's death. {{Anti-Slavery Society Convention 1840|align=left|size=250px|caption=Lucas is in this painting<ref name="list"/> which shows them at the 1840 Anti-Slavery Convention.<ref name="npg">[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait.php?search=ap&npgno=599&eDate=&lDate= The Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840], Benjamin Robert Haydon, 1841, National Portrait Gallery, London, NPG599, Given by British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in 1880</ref> Move your cursor to identify Lucas or click icon to enlarge.}} Lucas worked for many good causes. He attended the World Anti-Slavery Convention in 1840 and he was included in the commemorative painting by Benjamin Haydon. Freeing slaves was to be a theme throughout his life. Another interest was secular schools,<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|title=Obituary - Mr. Samuel Lucas|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50912FF3E58137A93C4A9178ED85F418684F9|access-date=2 December 2010|newspaper=New York Times|date=6 May 1965}}</ref> which Lucas championed in Manchester and where he met Richard Cobden.<ref name="list"/> He had moved there in 1845 as he took an interest in a cotton mill and he stayed there for five years before returning to London. He became active for the Anti-Corn Law League which Cobden and John Bright had founded. His wife Margaret organised meetings and Samuel led them. Meanwhile, his wife took the leading role in caring for their daughter, Katherine, and their mute son.
In August 1847 Lucas was a founding member of the Lancashire-based organisation that was to become the National Public Schools Association. He wrote a ''Plan for the Establishment of a General System of Secular Education in the County of Lancaster,'' By 1860 Lucas and his family had moved to London where he became a supporter of the Society for the Repeal of the Taxes on Knowledge.<ref name="dnb">{{cite DNB|wstitle=Lucas, Samuel (1811-1865)|last=Lucas|first=Samuel|authorlink=Samuel Lucas|volume=34}}</ref>
In March 1856, his brother in law, John Bright in partnership with Cobden created a new newspaper which was called the ''Morning Star''. Lucas was appointed as the paper's editor. Lucas took a strong interest in running the paper where he was the "managing proprietor". Matthew Arnold described the paper as reflecting the "rancour of Protestant dissent in alliance with the vulgarity meddlesomeness and grossness of the British multitude."<ref name="arnold">{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Matthew|editor=J. Dover Wilson|title=Culture and Anarchy: Landmarks in the History of Education|year=1960|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pX-rnOo_pLEC&q=samuel+lucas+morning+star&pg=PA224|page=224|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521091039|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Eventually Lucas became too ill to regularly attend, and he had to appoint a sub editor. However, he would still oversee the paper, and at times obliged journalists to write a second article that negated an opinion Lucas did not approve of.<ref name="editor">{{cite book|last=Cooper|first=Charles Alfred|title=An Editor's Retrospect, Fifty Years of Newspaper Work|year=1896|publisher=MacMillan & Co|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KFmGVR3fifUC&q=samuel+lucas+morning+star&pg=PA96|pages=98–104|isbn=9781115514224}}</ref> The paper took a strong line on anti-slavery and the ''Morning Star'' was the only national paper to support the Unionist side.<ref name="us"/> [[File:MorningStarApril241865SurrenderOfGenLee.jpg|thumb|right|Lucas never saw the story of General Lee's surrender in his newspaper on 24 April 1865.]] In 1859 Lucas became the editor of the newly established ''Once A Week'', a weekly illustrated literary magazine published by Bradbury and Evans. The magazine was founded after a dispute between Bradbury and Evans and Charles Dickens. The magazine was notable for its illustrations but after Lucas' death it went into decline and ceased printing in 1880.
[[File:Grave of Samuel Lucas in Highgate Cemetery.jpg|thumb|Grave of Samuel Lucas in Highgate Cemetery]] Lucas died in London on 15 April 1865 of a bronchial illness, and it was noted that he lived long enough to be told of end of the battle of Richmond which marked the end of the American Civil War and slavery in the United States. He was buried in Highgate Cemetery in London, where his wife was also buried after her death on the 4th February 1890.<ref name="highgate">{{cite web|title=Highgate (Western) Cemetery (tomb no. 13876), Camden, London Listed Grade II in 2007|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/people-and-places/anglo-american-heritage/Commemoration/|access-date=3 December 2010}}</ref>
==Legacy== Lucas died before he could see the headlines in the ''Morning Star'' that marked the end of slavery. Lucas's paper was the only newspaper that supported the Union side from the start of the war. In 2010 an official from the U.S. Embassy officially paid respect at Lucas's tomb.<ref name="us">{{cite web|title=Highgate Cemetery salutes a forgotten British hero of the American Civil War|url=http://london.usembassy.gov/gb125.html|publisher=U.S. Embassy in London|access-date=3 December 2010|archive-date=31 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031090737/http://london.usembassy.gov/gb125.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <blockquote> Here rest the remains of SAMUEL LUCAS, aged 54. He died on 16 April 1865, a few hours after hearing the tidings of the destruction of the slave power in the United States, by the fall of Richmond; an object which he had unceasingly laboured to promote as Managing-Proprietor of the ''Morning Star''. </blockquote> Lucas and his wife's tomb in Highgate has been a Grade II listed building since 2007.<ref name="list">{{cite web|title=Tomb of Samuel Lucas and Margaret Bright Lucas (no 13876) in Highgate (Western) Cemetery|url=http://mycamden.camden.gov.uk/gdw/T/ListedBuildingDetail?LbNo=504205&xsl=ListedBuildingDetail.xsl|work=Listed building details|publisher=Camden Council|access-date=3 December 2010|archive-date=22 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622022750/http://mycamden.camden.gov.uk/gdw/T/ListedBuildingDetail?LbNo=504205&xsl=ListedBuildingDetail.xsl|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Further reading== * {{Cite ODNB |last1=Taylor |first1=Miles |last2=Spencer |first2=H. J.|freearticle= |date=23 September 2004 |edition=online |origyear= |doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/17139 |id=17139 |title=Lucas, Samuel (1811–1865), journalist and educational reformer |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-17139 }}
{{s-start}} {{s-media}} {{succession box|title=Editor of the ''Morning Star''|years=1859–1865|before=Baxter Langley|after=Justin McCarthy}} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucas, Samuel}} Category:1811 births Category:1865 deaths Category:19th-century British journalists Category:Abolitionists from London Category:Burials at Highgate Cemetery Category:People from Wandsworth