{{Short description|American painter and commercial designer}} {{Infobox artist | name = Sam Himmelfarb | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1904|7|4|mf=y}} | birth_place = Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|1976|12|17|1904|7|4|mf=y}} | death_place = Chicago, Illinois, US | field = Painting, exhibit design | training = Art Students League of New York, National Academy of Design, Wisconsin School of Fine and Applied Arts | style = Modernism, Realism, Figurative | spouse = Irene Donnelly (1926–1937); Eleanor Gorecki Himmelfarb (1939–1976) | website = [http://samuelhimmelfarb.com/ Sam Himmelfarb] }} '''Sam Himmelfarb''' (July 4, 1904 – December 17, 1976) was a Russian-born American artist and commercial exhibit designer, known for his modernist-influenced paintings of everyday people and urban scenes.<ref name="Galpin">Galpin, Amy, and Susan Weininger. “Samuel Himmelfarb,” In Kennedy, Elizabeth and Wendy Greenhouse, Daniel Schulman, Susan Weininger. ''Chicago Modern, 1893-1945: Pursuit of the New'', Chicago: Terra Museum of American Art, 2004, p. 121.</ref><ref name=”Key69b”>Key, Donald. "Figures, Symbols Fuse in Chicagoan's Paintings," ''Milwaukee Journal'', August 10, 1969.</ref><ref name="Falk">Falk, Peter Hastings, (ed).''Who Was Who in American Art: 400 Years of Artists in America'', Volume 2, Madison, CT: Soundview Press, 1999.</ref> He also designed the Frank Lloyd Wright-inspired Samuel and Eleanor Himmelfarb Home and Studio (built 1942) in Winfield, Illinois, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.<ref name="HimmelfarbHome">Samuel and Eleanor Himmelfarb Home and Studio. [https://www2.illinois.gov/dnrhistoric/Preserve/SiteAssets/Pages/illinois-historic-sites-advisory-council/Winfield%20--%20Himmelfarb%20House_Studio.pdf "Himmelfarb, Samuel House and Studio,"] National Register of Historic Places Registration. Prepared by Adam G. Rubin. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="NPS">National Park Services. [https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2018-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf "National Register of Historic Places announcements,"] October 11, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref> Himmelfarb studied art at the Art Students League and National Academy of Design in New York and at the Wisconsin School of Fine and Applied Arts.<ref name="Scanlan">Scanlan, Patricia Smith. [https://www.chicagomodern.org/artists/samuel-himmelfarb "Samuel Himmelfarb,"] ''Modernism in the New City: Chicago Artists, 1920–1950''. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="Wascher">Wascher, Arthur E. ''Who's Who in Music and Art in Milwaukee: Music, Painting and Sculpturing, Applied Art, Dramatic and Dancing'', Milwaukee, WI: Advocate Publishing Company, 1927, p. 246.</ref> He initially painted in a realist style influenced by the Ashcan School, which gave way to more modernist, increasingly abstract styles.<ref name="Barilleaux">Barilleaux, Rene Paul. ''Samuel Himmelfarb, Eleanor Himmelfarb, John Himmelfarb: Three Painters''. Exhibition catalog. Quincy, IL: Quincy Art Center. 1994.</ref> His paintings appeared in exhibitions at the Art Institute of Chicago (AIC),<ref name="Falk2">Falk, Peter Hastings, ed. ''The Annual Exhibition Record of the Art Institute of Chicago'', 1888–1950, Madison, CT: Soundview Press, 1990.</ref><ref>''Arts Magazine''. Review of Art Institute of Chicago "56th Annual Exhibition by Artists of Chicago and Vicinity," February 1952.</ref> Terra Museum of American Art,<ref name="Kennedy04">Kennedy, Elizabeth and Wendy Greenhouse, Daniel Schulman, Susan Weininger. ''Chicago Modern, 1893-1945: Pursuit of the New'', Chicago: Terra Museum of American Art, 2004.</ref> Milwaukee Art Institute, and Arts Club of Chicago, and in circulating shows from the American Federation of Arts, among other venues.<ref name="QAC94">Quincy Art Center. ''Three Painters: Samuel Himmelfarb, Eleanor Himmelfarb, John Himmelfarb'', Quincy, IL: Quincy Art Center, 1994.</ref> He received awards from the AIC, Wisconsin State Fair and Milwaukee Art Museum, and his work belongs to the collection of the latter, and those of the Illinois State Museum, Block Museum, and Arkansas Art Center, among others.<ref name="AICPR49">Art Institute of Chicago. [https://www.artic.edu/press/press-releases/11/press-releases-from-1949 "February 5, 1949, "Fifty-Third Annual Exhibition by Artists of Chicago and Vicinity Prize Winners,"] Press Releases, Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago. 1949. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="ISMGallery">''Artslant''. [https://www.artslant.com/chi/events/show/194928-figurism-narrative-and-fantastic-figurative-art-from-the-illinois-state-museum-collection "Figurism: Narrative and Fantastic Figurative Art from the Illinois State Museum Collection,"] Exhibition, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="ArkAC">Arkansas Arts Center. [https://www.arkansasartscenter.org/doent.doc?id=58 Arkansas Arts Center, Artist List]. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref> Himmelfarb was married to the artist and educator, Eleanor Himmelfarb (1910-2009); their son, John Himmelfarb (b. 1946), and grandchild, Serena Aurora Day Himmelfarb (b. 1986), are also artists.<ref name="Ho">Ho, Sally S. [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-07-14/news/0907130507_1_nature-abbott-pattison-oak-trees “Eleanor Gorecki Himmelfarb, 1910-2009: Painter loved nature,”]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''Chicago Tribune'', July 14, 2009. Retrieved July 3, 2018.</ref>
== Life == thumb|right|270px|Sam Himmelfarb, ''Road House'', oil on canvas, 29" x 26", 1927 Samuel Himmelfarb was born in Latvia to Jewish parents in 1904. In 1905, they immigrated to the United States, but soon after, Himmelfarb's mother died during childbirth in New York City. He and his father, Chaim, moved on to Wisconsin, settling in Racine and then Milwaukee.<ref name="Scanlan" /><ref name="Falk" /> Himmelfarb took weekend art classes at the Layton School of Art and attended an art summer camp, meeting lifelong friend and future WPA muralist, Schomer Lichtner.<ref name="Layton">Layton Art Gallery. ''Wisconsin Artists'', Milwaukee, WI: Layton Art Gallery, 1923.</ref><ref name="MilJournal">''Milwaukee Journal''. "Chicago Prize for a Painting by Himmelfarb," ''Milwaukee Journal'', February 20, 1949.</ref><ref name="Lichtner">Gallery of Wisconsin Art. [https://galleryofwisconsinart.com/artist-works.php?artistId=280776&artist=Schomer%20Lichtner Schomer Lichtner], Artist Archives. Retrieved February 19, 2023.</ref> In high school, he learned to play the drums and by the early 1920s was performing semi-professionally in local vaudeville acts, dance music ensembles, and on a Pacific cruise ship; large crowds and musicians would later serve as subjects for many of his paintings.<ref name="Himmelfarb23">Sam Himmelfarb. "More About Trip Across Pacific," ''Milwaukee Journal'', 1923.</ref><ref name="Allis69" /><ref name="HimmelfarbHome" />
After high school, Himmelfarb studied art at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1924)—forging relationships with artists such as Ben Shahn—and at the Wisconsin School of Fine and Applied Arts, working under German-born landscape artist Gustave Moeller.<ref name="InLArch58">''Inland Architect''. "Art: The Work of Samuel Himmelfarb," ''Inland Architect'', March 1958.</ref><ref name="MilJournal" /><ref name="Wascher" /> In 1926, he hitchhiked to New York to study at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students League, where he took classes, respectively, with artists Charles Webster Hawthorne and Boardman Robinson, and was influenced by the older Ashcan School artists.<ref name="Scanlan" /><ref name="Bates">Bates, Geoffrey. "A Circulating Library," ''John Himmelfarb, Selected Recent Works'', Kenosha, WI: Carthage College, H.F. Johnson Gallery of Art, 2009.</ref><ref name="Bonesteel89">Bonesteel, Michael. "Tracking the Backtracker: John Himmelfarb in the Garden," ''Meetings in the Garden. The Art of John Himmelfarb'', Exhibition catalog, Kalamazoo, MI: Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, 1989.</ref> He supported himself with two jobs, as a drummer—playing a 16-show run for big band leader Horace Heidt and gigs with Jimmy Durante—and an architect's apprentice on projects for Long Island homes and the Empire State Building.<ref name="Bates" /> He also met and married Irene Donnelly in 1926, and they had a daughter, Nell, in 1933.<ref name="HimmelfarbHome" /> They moved to the Midwest in the 1930s, and Himmelfarb focused on commercial three-dimensional design work, creating window displays for Mandel Brothers department store and exhibits for the 1933 A Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago.<ref name="Bates" /><ref name="Scanlan" /> In 1937, he founded his own industrial exhibit company, Three Dimensions, which would support a fine art career that he pursued painting three days each week; exhibit clients included Union Pacific Railroad, Parker Brothers, General Motors, and Motorola, among others.<ref name="Kramer">Kramer, Linda K. “John Himmelfarb: A Life in Art,” In ''The Prints of John Himmelfarb: A Catalogue Raisonne, 1967- 2004'', by Michael Bonesteel and Linda K. Kramer, Manchester: Hudson Hills Press, 2005.</ref><ref name="MilJournal" /><ref name="QAC94" /> By this time, Himmelfarb's marriage had become strained and that same year he and Irene divorced.<ref name="HimmelfarbHome" />
Himmelfarb was part of a socially conscious group of Midwest modernists that included Mitchell Siporin, Julio de Diego, Macena Barton, and Milwaukee-based Joseph Friebert, among others.<ref name="HimmelfarbHome" /><ref name="Freibert">Rossen, Susan Friebert. ''Joseph Friebert: A Life in Art''], West Bend, WI: Museum of Wisconsin Art, 2018.</ref> He was active in antifascist groups and in the Arts Club of Chicago and Artists Equity (serving as president in the 1950s);<ref name="Scanlan" /> he often delivered lectures to civic groups, such as “Don’t Look Now, But Your Modern Art is Showing.”<ref name="Allis69" /> At a Hyde Park activist meeting in the late 1930s, Himmelfarb met Eleanor Gorecki. Their relationship became serious, and he and Gorecki married in 1939, remaining so until Sam's death in 1976.<ref name="Ho" /> In 1940, they purchased an undeveloped property in a not-yet residential section of rural Winfield, Illinois, planning to settle there and raise a family closer to nature. By late 1942, they built and moved into a self-designed, Usonian-style house there, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.<ref name="NPS" /><ref name="HimmelfarbHome" /> In the following years, they had two children, Susan (b. 1943) and John (b. 1946).<ref name="Kramer" />
== Art career == thumb|right|310px|Sam Himmelfarb, ''Front Row at the Beach'', oil on canvas, 24" x 36", 1955 Himmelfarb's art evolved throughout his five-decade career, from Ashcan School-influenced urban realism in the 1920s, through more expressionist work in the 1940s and 1950s, to increasingly abstract paintings in the 1960s and 1970s that incorporated Abstract expressionist and Pop influences.<ref name="Barilleaux" /><ref name="Galpin" /><ref name="Scanlan" /> Certain concerns, however, remained consistent in his work: a modernist visual aesthetic dedicated to the notion of the integrated artwork; subject matter rooted, even in his more abstract work, to narrative and the objective world; and a preoccupation with scenes celebrating ordinary people and everyday life.<ref name="Barilleaux" /><ref name="Rose85">Rose, Matthew. "An Interview with John Himmelfarb." ''Arts Magazine'', 60, October 1985, p. 68-72.</ref><ref name="Galpin" /> Curator Rene Paul Barilleaux suggests that Himmelfarb engages viewers through common, recognizable experiences "transformed into dynamically rendered and visually charged images."<ref name="Barilleaux" /> In interviews, Himmelfarb explained, "I record the unprogrammed, the unglorified, the casual human scene […] a tune in praise of the unspectacular.”<ref name="Galpin" /><ref name="Allis69">Charles Allis Art Museum. Exhibition materials. Milwaukee, WI, 1969.</ref><ref name="InLArch58" />
Himmelfarb exhibited widely from the 1920s through the 1950s, at the Wisconsin Painters and Sculptors Exhibitions (early 1920s, 1938),<ref name="MOWA">Museum of Wisconsin Art. Samuel Himmelfarb (1904 - 1976), Exhibitions], Artist Archives.</ref><ref name="InLArch58" /> shows at the Arts Club of Chicago (1952–9) and Renaissance Society (1958), and national and international circulating shows organized by the American Federation of Arts (1953) and Art Institute of Chicago (1958–9, curated by Katharine Kuh).<ref name="Bates" /><ref name="RenS">The Renaissance Society. [http://archive.renaissancesociety.org/site/Exhibitions/Intro.230.html "Artist Members Exhibition, May 26 – August 29, 1958,"] Archive. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="QAC94" /> He was selected for numerous Art Institute of Chicago invitational and "Chicago and Vicinity" shows (1936–1957), including its 1951 "Annual American Exhibition."<ref>Odenheimer, Dorothy. "Chicago Show Offers Little Good Art," ''Chicago Sun'', March 1943.</ref><ref name="AICPR51">Art Institute of Chicago. [https://www.artic.edu/assets/b053a6c0-afec-9ed9-0480-fa375d58bad9 ''60th Annual American Exhibition''], Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago. 1951. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="AIC52">Art Institute of Chicago. [https://lakeimagesweb.artic.edu/assets/38b41f13-6628-44aa-e352-2e9ee00357bf ''56th Annual Exhibition by Artists of Chicago and Vicinity''], Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago. 1952. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="CityChgo57">Art Institute of Chicago and City of Chicago. [https://docplayer.net/26428224-Sponsored-by-the-art-institute-of-chicago-and-chicago-art-organizations-in-cooperation-with-the-honorable-richard-daley.html ''1957 Chicago Artists No-Jury Exhibition''], Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago/City of Chicago, Office of the Mayor, 1957. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="CityChgo58">Art Institute of Chicago and City of Chicago. [https://estatedocbox.com/Architects/67733288-1958-chicago-sponsored-by-the-art-institute.html ''1958 Chicago Artists No-Jury Exhibition''], Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago/City of Chicago, Office of the Mayor, 1958. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref><ref name="QAC94" /> In 1949, he won the museum's Broadus James Clarke Memorial Prize for his casein work, ''Men on a Boat.''<ref name="AICPR49" /><ref name="Miller49">Miller, Arthur. "Midwest Art Show Lively as Dance That Opens It," ''Los Angeles Times'', February 11, 1949.</ref> Notable solo shows were held for Himmelfarb at the Milwaukee Art Institute (1932), Panoras Gallery (New York, 1956),<ref name="Arts56">''Arts Magazine''. "Samuel Himmelfarb, Panoras Gallery" Review, October, 1956.</ref> Frank Ryan Gallery (Chicago, 1958), and Charles Allis Art Museum (Milwaukee, 1969).<ref name="InLArch58" /><ref name="Allis69" /><ref name="QAC94" /><ref name=”Key69b”/>
In the 1970s, Himmelfarb showed with his wife Eleanor and son John at the Bradley Gallery (Milwaukee, 1974) and Chicago's One Illinois Center (1975).<ref name="Auer74">Auer, James. "This Family Celebrates Life," ''Milwaukee Journal'', 1974.</ref><ref name="Haydon76">Haydon, Harold. "His Images Reflect Our Hectic World," ''Chicago Sun Times'', April 11, 1976.</ref><ref name=":0">Schroeder, R. "The Himmelfarb Family, Two Illinois Center," <nowiki>''New Art Examiner''</nowiki>, October 1975.</ref> They were also exhibited together in later shows at the Evanston Art Center (1990) and Quincy Art Center (1994).<ref name="EAC90">Evanston Art Center. ''Two Generations Chicago: The Influence of Family'', Evanston, IL: Evanston Art Center, 1990.</ref><ref name="QAC94" /> More recently, Himmelfarb's work has been featured in the surveys, "Chicago Modern, 1893-1945: Pursuit of the New" (Terra Museum, 2004) and "Figurism: Narrative and Fantastic Figurative Art from the Illinois State Museum Collection" (2012).<ref name="Kennedy04" /><ref name="ISMGallery" />
=== Work and reception === Art historians often compare Himmelfarb's early work of the 1920s and 1930s to that of Ashcan school artists, such as John Sloan.<ref name="Scanlan" /><ref name="Galpin" /> Discussing Himmelfarb’s painting, ''Road House'' (1927), Patricia Smith Scanlan identifies its similar "dark-toned urban realism" and informal setting—a humble roadside bar populated with disinterested subjects—while also noting the subtle influence of French modernism in its plunging perspective, strong lighting effects, and loose brushwork.<ref name="Scanlan" /><ref name="Galpin" /><ref name="Weinberg">Weinberg, H. Barbara. “The Ashcan School.” Metropolitan Museum of Art, November 2010.</ref> In ''Chicago Modern, 1893-1945: Pursuit of the New'', Amy Galpin and Susan Weininger suggest that Himmelfarb's rapid brushwork and spontaneous paint application portray the "vitality and dynamism of the modern city."<ref name="Galpin" /> thumb|left|310px|Sam Himmelfarb, ''Downtown'', oil and collage, 40" x 56", 1960
Himmelfarb's work of the 1940s retained his interest in observing and recording everyday life, but increasingly, displayed a greater emphasis on formal aspects over representation.<ref name="Scanlan" /> For example, in ''L'' (1941)<ref name="HimmelfarbPaintings">Sam Himmelfarb. [http://samuelhimmelfarb.com/index.htm Sam Himmelfarb, Paintings]. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref> and ''Commuters'' (1945)<ref name="HimmelfarbComm">Sam Himmelfarb. [https://www.chicagomodern.org/art/commuters ''Commuters'', 1945], ''Modernism in the New City: Chicago Artists, 1920–1950''. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref>—which depicts four men playing cards on their way to work—critics note modernist features such as flattened space, bold outlines, and blocky, unmodulated areas of color that create a Cézanne-like play of geometric shapes on the heads and bodies of figures and their surroundings.<ref name="Barilleaux" /><ref name="Scanlan" />
thumb|right|310px|Sam Himmelfarb, ''Diagonals in Orange and White'' acrylic on canvas, 48" x 60", 1969 In his 1950s, Himmelfarb continued to focus on crowds, such as audiences, commuters and beachgoers. However, in paintings such as ''Poet and Paysano'' (1950), ''Front Row at the Beach'' (1955) and ''Mosaic'' (1957),<ref name="HimmelfarbPaintings" /> he began to experiment with stylized flat or angular, Cubist-like shapes, brighter color, patterned surfaces and a fragmented, reordered sense of space.<ref name="Barilleaux" /><ref name="Scanlan" /><ref name="Bonesteel89"/> ''Arts Magazine'' went so far as to describe one such work, ''The Rapid Summer Died'', as one of the more remarkable "abstractions" in a group show of "vigorous and lushly colored" oils.<ref name="Arts56" /> By 1960's ''Downtown'' and 1961’s ''Neighborhood Street Scene'',<ref name="HimmelfarbPaintings" /> Himmelfarb was employing collage—in part, reflecting the fragmented nature of his new compositions—in a manner that recalled both the abstraction of Hans Hofmann and the Pop, representational-abstract silkscreens of Robert Rauschenberg.<ref name="HimmelfarbPaintings" /><ref name="Barilleaux" /><ref name="Bonesteel89" />
Himmelfarb retired from business in 1966 and focused full-time on painting, taking a studio in Chicago's Pilsen neighborhood that he found through friend and modernist sculptor, Ruth Duckworth; he would share the studio with Eleanor and John in the early 1970s.<ref name="Scanlan" /><ref name="JHCR">Bonesteel, Michael, and Kramer, Linda K. ''The Prints of John Himmelfarb: A Catalogue Raisonne, 1967- 2004.'' Manchester: Hudson Hills Press, 2005.</ref> His late work alternated between abstracted, painterly pieces, such as ''On the Way'' (1965) or ''Sun Bleached'' (1969), and high-key, geometric syntheses of recreational, domestic or urban scenes, often executed in acrylic (e.g., ''Family Feast'', 1971; ''In'', 1972).<ref name="HimmelfarbPaintings" /><ref name="Barilleaux" /><ref name="Bonesteel89" /> In these works, he often applied paint in a cool, almost mechanical manner, creating clean-edged, flat areas of interlocking forms that consciously used negative space and sometimes formed graphic patterns of striping and outlining (e.g., ''Truck Stop Diner'', 1968; ''Diagonals in Orange and White'', 1969).<ref name="Auer74" /><ref name="Scanlan" /><ref name=":0" /> Critic Donald Key described his work of this period as that of "an accomplished colorist" who "revels in the rhythms of opposing tones and color."<ref name=”Key69b”/>
Himmelfarb designed the modernist, Usonian-style Samuel and Eleanor Himmelfarb Home and Studio, which was built in 1942 in a wooded area of Winfield, Illinois, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 2018.<ref name="HimmelfarbHome" /> In subsequent years, Himmelfarb occasionally undertook other building projects, including a residence in Wheaton, Illinois built for friends (since demolished), a still-surviving, small medical office in Warrenville, Illinois, and design work for a neighboring house in Winfield.<ref name="HimmelfarbHome" />
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * [http://samuelhimmelfarb.com/ Sam Himmelfarb official website] * [https://www.chicagomodern.org/artists/samuel-himmelfarb Samuel Himmelfarb], ''Modernism in the New City: Chicago Artists, 1920–1950''
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Himmelfarb, Sam}}
<!--- Categories ---> Category:Painters from Chicago Category:American male painters Category:20th-century American painters Category:Painters from Wisconsin Category:History of Chicago Category:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States Category:Art Students League of New York alumni Category:National Academy of Design alumni Category:1904 births Category:1976 deaths Category:20th-century American male artists