{{Short description|Aircraft engine family}} <!-- This article is a part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft. Please see Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout. --> {{infobox aero engine |name= Salmson 9 |image = Salmson AD 9.jpg |caption = Salmson 9Ad |engine_type= Radial engine |national_origin = |manufacturer= Société des Moteurs Salmson |first_run= 1917 |major_applications= |number_built = |developed_from = |developed_into = |variants_with_their_own_articles = }}
Between 1920 and 1951 the Société des Moteurs Salmson in France developed and built a series of widely used air-cooled aircraft engines.<ref>Gunston 1986, p. 158.</ref> [[File:Maryse Hilsz 1935.jpg|thumb|Maryse Hilsz holding the propeller of her Mauboussin M.122 with Salmson 9 Aé.RS,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=12218 |title=Fai Record File |access-date=2014-04-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413132039/http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=12218 |archive-date=2014-04-13 }}</ref> 1935]]
==Design and development== After their successful water-cooled radial engines, developed from 1908 to 1918, Salmson changed their focus to air-cooling to reduce weight and increase specific power (power per unit weight). The majority of the engines produced by Salmson were of radial type with a few other arrangements such as the Salmson T6.E. In common with other engines produced by this manufacturer, the air-cooled radial engines featured the unorthodox Canton-Unné internal arrangement that dispensed with a master rod in favour of a cage of epicyclic gears driving the crankpin. Production ended in 1951 with the liquidation of the manufacturing company.
==British Salmson== The 3,7 and 9 cylinder Salmsons were license-built in Great Britain, during the 1920s and 1930s, by the British Salmson engine company as the British Salmson AD.3, British Salmson AC.7, British Salmson AC.9, and British Salmson AD.9.
==Salmson post-WWI engines== In common with several other French aero-engine manufacturers Salmson named their engines with the number of cylinders then a series letter in capitals followed by variant letters in lower-case. Engines not included in the 1932 table which follows are listed here: {{Columns-list|colwidth=22em| ;3AD:{{cvt|9|kW}} at 1800 rpm rated<ref name=Salm24>Salmson 1927 advert</ref> ;5Ac: {{cvt|90|kW}}<ref name=Laero>{{cite journal|date= 1–15 January 1924 |title=Les Moteurs d'aviation Salmson|journal=L'Aérophile |pages=33–34|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6554816n/f39}}</ref> ;5Ap-01:{{cvt|60|kW}} ;5Aq-01:{{cvt|65|kW}} ;6Ad: ;6Af: ;6TE:{{cvt|130|kW}} inline engine ;6TE.S:{{cvt|130|kW}} inline engine ;7Ac:{{cvt|70|kW}} ;7Aq:{{cvt|100|kW}} ;7M: ;7Om: ;8As: Argus As 10 inline engine ;9Ac:{{cvt|40|hp|disp=flip}} ;9AB:{{cvt|200|hp|disp=flip}} at 1500 rpm rated<ref name=Salm24/> ;9ABa:{{cvt|210|kW}} ;9ABc:{{cvt|170|kW}} ;9Az:{{cvt|300|hp|disp=flip}} at 1500 rpm rated<ref name=Salm24/> ;9A2c:{{cvt|180|kW}} ;9M:{{cvt|120|hp|disp=flip}} ;9Nd: {{cvt|175|hp|disp=flip}} ;9Ne:{{cvt|130|kW}} ;9Ng:{{cvt|150|kW}} ;9Nh:{{cvt|150|kW}} ;9P:{{cvt|70|kW}} ;9Y:<!--may be typo--> ;11B: ;12C:{{cvt|190|kW}} W-12 engine ;18Z:{{cvt|450|kW}} ;Salmson-Szydlowski SH18: 18 cylinder air-cooled 2-stroke radial }}
Salmson air-cooled engines available in 1932 are listed here<ref name=Hartmannsalmson>{{cite web|last1=Hartmann|first1=Gerard|title=LA SOCIETE DES MOTEURS SALMSON|url=http://www.hydroretro.net/etudegh/salmson.pdf|website=hydroretro.net|access-date=11 April 2015|page=13|language=fr}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |- style="width: 100%;text-align:center; background:#d8eff;border="1"" !scope="col" width="50px "| Name !scope="col" width="200px "| Type !scope="col" width="50px "| Year !scope="col" width="75px "| Bore !scope="col" width="75px "| Stroke !scope="col" width="110px "| Capacity !scope="col" width="220px "| Power !scope="col" width="80px "| Weight |- |<!-- Name --> 7AC |<!-- Cyl. --> 7-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|100|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|130|mm|2}} |<!-- L --> {{cvt|7.150|L|cuin}} |<!-- kW --> {{cvt|105|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm |<!-- kg--> {{cvt|130|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 9AB |<!-- Cyl. --> 9-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|125|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|170|mm|2}} |<!-- L --> {{cvt|18.765|L|cuin}} |<!-- kW --> {{cvt|250|hp|order=flip}} at 1,700 rpm |<!-- kg --> {{cvt|265|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 9AC |<!-- Cyl. --> 9-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|100|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|130|mm|2}} |<!-- L --> {{cvt|9.189|L|cuin}} |<!-- kW -->{{cvt|130|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm |<!-- kg -->{{cvt|170|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 9AD |<!-- Cyl. --> 9-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|70|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|86|mm|2}} |<!-- L --> {{cvt|2.979|L|cuin}} |<!-- kW --> {{cvt|45|hp|order=flip}} at 2,000 rpm |<!-- kg -->{{cvt|68|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 9ADb |<!-- Cyl. --> 9-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|70|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|86|mm|2}} |<!-- L --> {{cvt|2.979|L|cuin}} |<!-- kW --> {{cvt|55|hp|order=flip}} at 2,200 rpm |<!-- kg -->{{cvt|74|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 9ADr |<!-- Cyl. --> 9-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|70|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|86|mm|2}} |<!-- L --> {{cvt|2.979|L|cuin}} |<!-- kW --> {{cvt|65|hp|order=flip}} at 2,700 rpm |<!--kg-->{{cvt|79|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 9NA |<!-- Cyl. --> 9-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|140|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|160|mm|2}} |<!--L --> {{cvt|22.140|L|cuin}} |<!--kW--> {{cvt|330|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm |<!--kg-->{{cvt|292|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 9NAs |<!-- Cyl. --> 9-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|140|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|160|mm|2}} |<!--L --> {{cvt|22.140|L|cuin}} |<!--kW--> {{cvt|450|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800rpm |<!--kg-->{{cvt|315|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 9NC |<!-- Cyl. --> 9-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|100|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|140|mm|2}} |<!--L --> {{cvt|9.900|L|cuin}} |<!--kW--> {{cvt|150|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm |<!--kg-->{{cvt|155|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 9NCt |<!-- Cyl. --> 9-cyl radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|100|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|140|mm|2}} |<!--L --> {{cvt|9.900|L|cuin}} |<!--kW--> {{cvt|170|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm |<!--kg--> {{cvt|165|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 18AB |<!-- Cyl. --> 18-cyl 2-row radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|125|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|180|mm|2}} |<!--L --> {{cvt|39.761|L|cuin}} |<!--kW--> {{cvt|550|hp|order=flip}} at 1,700 rpm |<!--kg-->{{cvt|450|kg}} |- |<!-- Name --> 18ABs |<!-- Cyl. --> 18-cyl 2-row radial |<!-- Year --> |<!-- Bore --> {{cvt|125|mm|2}} |<!-- Stroke --> {{cvt|180|mm|2}} |<!--L --> {{cvt|39.761|L|cuin}} |<!--kW-->{{cvt|650|hp|order=flip}} at 1,700 rpm |<!--kg-->{{cvt|465|kg}} |}
==Applications== ===Nine cylinder engines=== {{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
;9AB:
* Aviméta 132 * Bernard SIMB AB 16 * Blériot 135 * Blériot 290 * Boisavia B.604 Mercurey II * Farman F.166 * Farman F.310 * Hanriot H.436 * Loire 30 * Loire 501 * Morane-Saulnier MS.130 * Morane-Saulnier MS.230 * Morane-Saulnier MS.237 * Morane-Saulnier MS.502 * Potez 33/2 * Romano R.82 * Romano R.83 * SET 3 * SNCAO 30 * Wibault 360 prototype
;9AC:
* ANF Les Mureaux 140T * Bartel BM-2 * Besson MB.35 * Caudron C.240 * Farman F.202 * Hanriot H.36 * Hanriot H.41H * Hanriot LH.12 * Hanriot HD.320 * Lioré et Olivier LeO H-180 * Morane-Saulnier MS.136 * Morane-Saulnier MS.137 * SPCA 40T
;9AD:
* Ace 300 * Angus Aquila (A.D.9) * Arado L I * Arpin A-1 Safety-Pin (A.D.9R srsIII) * Aviaméta 9Ac * B.A. Swallow (A.D.9) * Bassou Roubis (9 AD * BFW M.23a * Boulton & Paul P.41 Phoenix II (A.D.9) * British-Klemm Swallow (A.D.9R srsIII) * Brochet MB.50 * Brochet MB.70 * CAP-4 Paulistinha prototype * Caudron C.109 * Comper C.L.A.7 Swift (A.D.9) * Couzinet 100 (9 ADb) * Couzinet 103 * Dupuy D-40 (9 AD) * Farman F.230 * Gerner G II R (9 AD) * Hafner R.II Revoplane II (A.D.9) * Henderson-Glenny Gadfly III * Hinkler Ibis (A.D.9) * Indraéro Aéro 20 (9 ADb) * Indraéro Aéro 30 (9 AD) * Indraéro Aéro 101 (9 ADb) * Jodel D.11 * Jodel D.116 * Jodel D.116 (9 ADr) * Klemm L.25 (A.D.9) * Mauboussin M.120 * Morane-Saulnier MS.180 * Peyret-Mouboussin M.XII * Payne Knight Twister prototype * Parmentier Wee Mite (A.D.9) * Piel CP.210 Pinocchio (9 AD) * Rigault RP.01B * RWD-2 * Salmson D-6 Cricri (9 ADr) * Siebel Si 202A * Starck AS-70 Jac * Starck AS-72 * Taylor E-2 prototype * Terle Sportplane (9 AD) * WNF Wn 16
;9AG:
;9AZ:
;9NC:
* Besson MB.41 * Morane-Saulnier MS.191 * Morane-Saulnier MS.315 * Morane-Saulnier MS.343 * Salmson Phrygane D-2 * SPCA 41T * SPCA 218
;9ND:
* Besson MB.411 * Bloch MB.81 * Guerchais-Roche T.39/II * Salmson Phrygane D-4
;9NE: * Lioré-et-Olivier LeO C.301
;9NH:
;9NM:
}}
===Seven cylinder engines===
===7AC=== * Albert A-61 * Caudron C.191&2 * Caudron C.220 * Caudron C.270 * Dewoitine D.480 * Farman F.234 * Farman F.280 * Farman F.352 * Hanriot H.411 * Kellner-Béchereau 23 * Morane-Saulnier MS.132 * Morane-Saulnier MS.148 * Potez 36/5
===Five cylinder engines===
===5Ap===
===5Aq=== * Caudron C.109.2 * CFA D.7 Cricri Major
===5AC===
* Caudron C.110 * Caudron C.161 * Jodel D.124 * Potez 36/3
==Specifications (9 Ab)== {{pistonspecs| <!-- If you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft --> <!-- Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If data are missing, leave the parameter blank (do not delete it). --> |ref=Tsygulev<ref name="tsygulev">{{cite book|last=Tsygulev|title=Aviacionnye motory voennykh vozdushnykh sil inostrannykh gosudarstv (Авиационные моторы военных воздушных сил иностранных государств)|publisher=Gosudarstvennoe voennoe izdatelstvo Narkomata Oborony Soyuza SSR|location=Moscow|year=1939|url=http://base13.glasnet.ru/text/aviamotory/t.htm|language=ru|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324160448/http://base13.glasnet.ru/text/aviamotory/t.htm|archive-date=2009-03-24}}</ref> |type=Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine |bore=125 mm (4.92 in) |stroke=170 mm (6.69 in) |displacement=18.765 L (1,145 in³) |length=1,000 mm (39.37 in) |diameter=1,180 mm (46.46 in) |width= |height= |weight=265 kg (584 lb) |valvetrain=Two overhead valves per cylinder |supercharger=Single-speed centrifugal type supercharger |turbocharger= |fuelsystem=Zenith 42D carburetor |fueltype= |oilsystem= |coolingsystem=Air-cooled |power=191 kW (256 hp) at 1,780 rpm for takeoff |specpower=10.18 kW/L (0.22 hp/in³) |compression=5:1 |fuelcon= |specfuelcon=328 g/(kW•h) (0.54 lb/(hp•h)) |oilcon=19 g/(kW•h) (0.49 oz/(hp•h)) |power/weight=0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb) |reduction_gear= }}
==See also== *Salmson water-cooled aero-engines *List of aircraft engines
==Notes== {{reflist}}
==References== * {{cite book|last=Gunston|first=Bill|year=1986|title=World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines|publisher=Patrick Stephens|location=Wellingborough|page=152}} * Lumsden, Alec. ''British Piston Engines and their Aircraft''. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. {{ISBN|1-85310-294-6}}. * Cuny, Jean. "Latécoère - Les Avions et Hydravions".Paris. Docavia/Editions Lariviere. 1992. {{ISBN|2-907051-01-6}}
{{Salmson aeroengines}}
Category:Radial engines Category:1910s aircraft piston engines Category:Salmson aircraft engines Category:1920s aircraft piston engines Category:1930s aircraft piston engines Category:Three-cylinder engines Category:Seven-cylinder engines Category:Nine-cylinder engines Category:18-cylinder engines Category:Air-cooled aircraft piston engines