Salmson air-cooled aero-engines

{{Short description|Aircraft engine family}}  {{infobox aero engine |name= Salmson 9 |image = Salmson AD 9.jpg |caption = Salmson 9Ad |engine_type= [[Radial engine]] |national_origin = |manufacturer= [[Société des Moteurs Salmson]] |first_run= 1917 |major_applications= |number_built = |developed_from = |developed_into = |variants_with_their_own_articles = }}

Between 1920 and 1951 the [[Société des Moteurs Salmson]] in [[France]] developed and built a series of widely used air-cooled [[aircraft engine]]s.<ref>Gunston 1986, p. 158.</ref> [[File:Maryse Hilsz 1935.jpg|thumb|[[Maryse Hilsz]] holding the propeller of her [[Mauboussin M.120|Mauboussin M.122]] with Salmson 9 Aé.RS,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=12218 |title=Fai Record File |access-date=2014-04-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413132039/http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=12218 |archive-date=2014-04-13 }}</ref> 1935]]

==Design and development== After their successful [[Salmson water-cooled aero-engines|water-cooled radial engines]], developed from 1908 to 1918, Salmson changed their focus to air-cooling to reduce weight and increase specific power (power per unit weight). The majority of the engines produced by Salmson were of radial type with a few other arrangements such as the [[Salmson T6.E]]. In common with other engines produced by this manufacturer, the air-cooled radial engines featured the unorthodox [[Canton-Unné]] internal arrangement that dispensed with a [[master rod]] in favour of a cage of [[epicyclic gear]]s driving the [[crankpin]]. Production ended in [[1951 in aviation|1951]] with the liquidation of the manufacturing company.

==British Salmson== The 3,7 and 9 cylinder Salmsons were license-built in [[Great Britain]], during the 1920s and 1930s, by the [[British Salmson engine company]] as the British Salmson AD.3, British Salmson AC.7, British Salmson AC.9, and British Salmson AD.9.

==Salmson post-WWI engines== In common with several other French aero-engine manufacturers Salmson named their engines with the number of cylinders then a series letter in capitals followed by variant letters in lower-case. Engines not included in the 1932 table which follows are listed here: {{Columns-list|colwidth=22em| ;[[Salmson AD.3|3AD]]:{{cvt|9|kW}} at 1800 rpm rated<ref name=Salm24>Salmson 1927 advert</ref> ;5Ac: {{cvt|90|kW}}<ref name=Laero>{{cite journal|date= 1–15 January 1924 |title=Les Moteurs d'aviation Salmson|journal=L'Aérophile |pages=33–34|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6554816n/f39}}</ref> ;5Ap-01:{{cvt|60|kW}} ;5Aq-01:{{cvt|65|kW}} ;6Ad: ;6Af: ;6TE:{{cvt|130|kW}} inline engine ;6TE.S:{{cvt|130|kW}} inline engine ;7Ac:{{cvt|70|kW}} ;7Aq:{{cvt|100|kW}} ;7M: ;7Om: ;[[Argus As 10|8As]]: Argus As 10 inline engine ;9Ac:{{cvt|40|hp|disp=flip}} ;9AB:{{cvt|200|hp|disp=flip}} at 1500 rpm rated<ref name=Salm24/> ;9ABa:{{cvt|210|kW}} ;9ABc:{{cvt|170|kW}} ;9Az:{{cvt|300|hp|disp=flip}} at 1500 rpm rated<ref name=Salm24/> ;9A2c:{{cvt|180|kW}} ;9M:{{cvt|120|hp|disp=flip}} ;9Nd: {{cvt|175|hp|disp=flip}} ;9Ne:{{cvt|130|kW}} ;9Ng:{{cvt|150|kW}} ;9Nh:{{cvt|150|kW}} ;9P:{{cvt|70|kW}} ;9Y: ;11B: ;12C:{{cvt|190|kW}} W-12 engine ;18Z:{{cvt|450|kW}} ;Salmson-Szydlowski SH18: 18 cylinder air-cooled 2-stroke radial }}

Salmson air-cooled engines available in 1932 are listed here<ref name=Hartmannsalmson>{{cite web|last1=Hartmann|first1=Gerard|title=LA SOCIETE DES MOTEURS SALMSON|url=http://www.hydroretro.net/etudegh/salmson.pdf|website=hydroretro.net|access-date=11 April 2015|page=13|language=fr}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |- style="width: 100%;text-align:center; background:#d8eff;border="1"" !scope="col" width="50px "| Name !scope="col" width="200px "| Type !scope="col" width="50px "| Year !scope="col" width="75px "| Bore !scope="col" width="75px "| Stroke !scope="col" width="110px "| Capacity !scope="col" width="220px "| Power !scope="col" width="80px "| Weight |- | 7AC | 7-cyl radial | | {{cvt|100|mm|2}} | {{cvt|130|mm|2}} | {{cvt|7.150|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|105|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm | {{cvt|130|kg}} |- | 9AB | 9-cyl radial | | {{cvt|125|mm|2}} | {{cvt|170|mm|2}} | {{cvt|18.765|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|250|hp|order=flip}} at 1,700 rpm | {{cvt|265|kg}} |- | 9AC | 9-cyl radial | | {{cvt|100|mm|2}} | {{cvt|130|mm|2}} | {{cvt|9.189|L|cuin}} |{{cvt|130|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm |{{cvt|170|kg}} |- | 9AD | 9-cyl radial | | {{cvt|70|mm|2}} | {{cvt|86|mm|2}} | {{cvt|2.979|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|45|hp|order=flip}} at 2,000 rpm |{{cvt|68|kg}} |- | 9ADb | 9-cyl radial | | {{cvt|70|mm|2}} | {{cvt|86|mm|2}} | {{cvt|2.979|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|55|hp|order=flip}} at 2,200 rpm |{{cvt|74|kg}} |- | 9ADr | 9-cyl radial | | {{cvt|70|mm|2}} | {{cvt|86|mm|2}} | {{cvt|2.979|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|65|hp|order=flip}} at 2,700 rpm |{{cvt|79|kg}} |- | 9NA | 9-cyl radial | | {{cvt|140|mm|2}} | {{cvt|160|mm|2}} | {{cvt|22.140|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|330|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm |{{cvt|292|kg}} |- | 9NAs | 9-cyl radial | | {{cvt|140|mm|2}} | {{cvt|160|mm|2}} | {{cvt|22.140|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|450|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800rpm |{{cvt|315|kg}} |- | 9NC | 9-cyl radial | | {{cvt|100|mm|2}} | {{cvt|140|mm|2}} | {{cvt|9.900|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|150|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm |{{cvt|155|kg}} |- | 9NCt | 9-cyl radial | | {{cvt|100|mm|2}} | {{cvt|140|mm|2}} | {{cvt|9.900|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|170|hp|order=flip}} at 1,800 rpm | {{cvt|165|kg}} |- | 18AB | 18-cyl 2-row radial | | {{cvt|125|mm|2}} | {{cvt|180|mm|2}} | {{cvt|39.761|L|cuin}} | {{cvt|550|hp|order=flip}} at 1,700 rpm |{{cvt|450|kg}} |- | 18ABs | 18-cyl 2-row radial | | {{cvt|125|mm|2}} | {{cvt|180|mm|2}} | {{cvt|39.761|L|cuin}} |{{cvt|650|hp|order=flip}} at 1,700 rpm |{{cvt|465|kg}} |}

==Applications== ===Nine cylinder engines=== {{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|

;9AB:

* [[Aviméta 132]] * [[Bernard SIMB AB 16]] * [[Blériot 135]] * [[Blériot 290]] * [[Boisavia Mercurey|Boisavia B.604 Mercurey II]] * [[Farman F.160|Farman F.166]] * [[Farman F.300|Farman F.310]] * [[Hanriot H.43|Hanriot H.436]] * [[Loire 30]] * [[Loire 501]] * [[Morane-Saulnier MS.130]] * [[Morane-Saulnier MS.230]] * [[Morane-Saulnier MS.237]] * [[Fieseler Fi 156|Morane-Saulnier MS.502]] * [[Potez 32|Potez 33/2]] * [[Romano R.82]] * [[Romano R.90|Romano R.83]] * [[SET 3]] * [[SNCAO 30]] * [[Wibault 360]] prototype

;9AC:

* [[ANF Les Mureaux 140T]] * [[Bartel BM-2]] * [[Besson MB.35]] * [[Caudron C.240]] * [[Farman F.200|Farman F.202]] * [[Hanriot H.36]] * [[Hanriot H.41|Hanriot H.41H]] * [[Hanriot LH.12]] * [[Hanriot HD.320]] * [[Lioré et Olivier LeO H-180]] * [[Morane-Saulnier MS.130|Morane-Saulnier MS.136]] * [[Morane-Saulnier MS.138|Morane-Saulnier MS.137]] * [[SPCA 40T]]

;9AD:

* [[Ace K-1|Ace 300]] * [[Angus Aquila]] (A.D.9) * [[Arado L I]] * [[Arpin A-1 Safety-Pin]] (A.D.9R srsIII) * [[Aviaméta 9Ac]] * [[B.A. Swallow]] (A.D.9) * [[Bassou Roubis]] (9 AD * [[BFW M.23]]a * [[Boulton & Paul P.41 Phoenix II]] (A.D.9) * [[British-Klemm Swallow]] (A.D.9R srsIII) * [[Brochet MB.50]] * [[Brochet MB.70]] * [[CAP-4 Paulistinha]] prototype * [[Caudron C.109]] * [[Comper C.L.A.7 Swift]] (A.D.9) * [[Couzinet 100]] (9 ADb) * [[Couzinet 103]] * [[Dupuy D-40]] (9 AD) * [[Farman F.230]] * [[Gerner G II R]] (9 AD) * [[Hafner R.II Revoplane II]] (A.D.9) * [[Henderson-Glenny Gadfly|Henderson-Glenny Gadfly III]] * [[Hinkler Ibis]] (A.D.9) * [[Indraéro Aéro 20]] (9 ADb) * [[Indraéro Aéro 30]] (9 AD) * [[Indraéro Aéro 101]] (9 ADb) * [[Jodel D.11]] * [[Jodel D.11|Jodel D.116]] * [[Jodel D.11|Jodel D.116]] (9 ADr) * [[Klemm L.25]] (A.D.9) * [[Mauboussin M.120]] * [[Morane-Saulnier MS.180]] * [[Peyret-Mouboussin M.XII]] * [[Payne Knight Twister]] prototype * [[Parmentier Wee Mite]] (A.D.9) * [[Piel CP.20 Pinocchio|Piel CP.210 Pinocchio]] (9 AD) * [[Rigault RP.01B]] * [[RWD-2]] * [[Salmson D-6 Cricri]] (9 ADr) * [[Siebel Si 202]]A * [[Starck AS-70 Jac]] * [[Starck AS-70 Jac|Starck AS-72]] * [[Taylor E-2]] prototype * [[Terle Sportplane]] (9 AD) * [[WNF Wn 16]]

;9AG:

* [[Morane-Saulnier MS.406]]

;9AZ:

* [[Farman F.90]]

;9NC:

;9ND:

* [[Besson MB.411]] * [[Bloch MB.81]] * [[Guerchais-Roche T.35|Guerchais-Roche T.39/II]] * [[Salmson Phrygane|Salmson Phrygane D-4]]

;9NE: * [[Cierva C.30|Lioré-et-Olivier LeO C.301]]

;9NH:

* [[SNCASE SE-3110]]

;9NM:

* [[SNCASE SE.3120 Alouette|SNCASE Alouette I]]

}}

===Seven cylinder engines===

===7AC=== * [[Albert A-61]] * [[Caudron C.190|Caudron C.191&2]] * [[Caudron C.220]] * [[Caudron C.270]] * [[Dewoitine D.480]] * [[Farman F.230|Farman F.234]] * [[Farman F.280]] * [[Farman F.350|Farman F.352]] * [[Hanriot H.41|Hanriot H.411]] * [[Kellner-Béchereau 23]] * [[Morane-Saulnier MS.130|Morane-Saulnier MS.132]] * [[Morane-Saulnier MS.147|Morane-Saulnier MS.148]] * [[Potez 36|Potez 36/5]]

===Five cylinder engines===

===5Ap===

* [[Jodel D.11|Jodel D.123]]

===5Aq=== * [[Caudron C.109|Caudron C.109.2]] * [[CFA D.7 Cricri Major]]

===5AC===

* [[Caudron C.109|Caudron C.110]] * [[Caudron C.161]] * [[Jodel D.11|Jodel D.124]] * [[Potez 36|Potez 36/3]]

==Specifications (9 Ab)== {{pistonspecs|   |ref=Tsygulev<ref name="tsygulev">{{cite book|last=Tsygulev|title=Aviacionnye motory voennykh vozdushnykh sil inostrannykh gosudarstv (Авиационные моторы военных воздушных сил иностранных государств)|publisher=Gosudarstvennoe voennoe izdatelstvo Narkomata Oborony Soyuza SSR|location=[[Moscow]]|year=1939|url=http://base13.glasnet.ru/text/aviamotory/t.htm|language=ru|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324160448/http://base13.glasnet.ru/text/aviamotory/t.htm|archive-date=2009-03-24}}</ref> |type=Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled [[radial engine]] |bore=125 mm (4.92 in) |stroke=170 mm (6.69 in) |displacement=18.765 L (1,145 in³) |length=1,000 mm (39.37 in) |diameter=1,180 mm (46.46 in) |width= |height= |weight=265 kg (584 lb) |valvetrain=Two [[overhead valve]]s per cylinder |supercharger=Single-speed [[centrifugal type supercharger]] |turbocharger= |fuelsystem=[[Zenith Carburetters|Zenith 42D]] [[carburetor]] |fueltype= |oilsystem= |coolingsystem=Air-cooled |power=191 kW (256 hp) at 1,780 rpm for takeoff |specpower=10.18 kW/L (0.22 hp/in³) |compression=5:1 |fuelcon= |specfuelcon=328 g/(kW•h) (0.54 lb/(hp•h)) |oilcon=19 g/(kW•h) (0.49 oz/(hp•h)) |power/weight=0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb) |reduction_gear= }}

==See also== *[[Salmson water-cooled aero-engines]] *[[List of aircraft engines]]

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==References== * {{cite book|last=Gunston|first=Bill|year=1986|title=World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines|publisher=Patrick Stephens|location=Wellingborough|page=152}} * Lumsden, Alec. ''British Piston Engines and their Aircraft''. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. {{ISBN|1-85310-294-6}}. * Cuny, Jean. "Latécoère - Les Avions et Hydravions".Paris. Docavia/Editions Lariviere. 1992. {{ISBN|2-907051-01-6}}

[[Category:Radial engines]] [[Category:1910s aircraft piston engines]] [[Category:Salmson aircraft engines]] [[Category:1920s aircraft piston engines]] [[Category:1930s aircraft piston engines]] [[Category:Three-cylinder engines]] [[Category:Seven-cylinder engines]] [[Category:Nine-cylinder engines]] [[Category:18-cylinder engines]] [[Category:Air-cooled aircraft piston engines]]