Salagou Formation
Formation
AgePermian
PeriodPermian
CountryFrance

The Salagou Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.[1]

Geology

The Salagou Formation is a fine-grained loessite which is a deposit of red mudstone. It was created by the Montage Noire Dome.[1]

Fauna

The formation is known for its diverse and numerous insect fossils.

Caloneurodea

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Nanogramma [2]N. gandiF34, Les VignassesArtinskian
Jarmiloptera [2]J. mouralensisF34, Les VignassesArtinskian

Cnemidolestodea

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Tococladus [3]T. garriciF30, Sallèles & F19, AriègesArtinskian & KungurianA member of Tococladidae.

Diaphanopterodea

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Lodevohymen[4]lapeyriei F23, Les CanalsKungurian
Phaneroneura [5]P. minutaF19, Arièges & F28, Notre Dame des ClansArtinskian & KungurianA member of Martynoviidae.
Salagouneura [5]S. chimairaF19, Arièges & F28, Notre Dame des ClansArtinskian & KungurianA member of Martynoviidae.
Alexrasnitsynia [4]A. permiana(unspecified)KungurianA member of Alexrasnitsyniidae.
Permelmoa [4]P. magnificaF34, Les VignassesArtinskianA member of Parelmoidae.

Glosselytrodea

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Surijoka [6]S. lutevensisF23, Les CanalsKungurianA member of Jurinidae

Hemiptera

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Euroscytinia [7]E. lutevanorumF19, AriègesKungurianA member of Scytinopteridae
Lutevanaphis [8]L. permianaF34, Les VignassesArtinskianA member of Lutevanaphididae
Permopsyllidium[7][9]P. lesclansisF28, Notre Dame des ClansArtinskianA member of Permopsyllidiidae
ProsboleP. dio [7]F20, DioKungurianA member of Prosbolidae
P. garrici [7]Les SinglesKungurianA member of Prosbolidae

Megasecoptera

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Sinitshenkovae [10]S. gallicaF23, Les CanalsKungurianA member of Xenopteraidae

Neuroptera

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Permoneuroptera [11]P. lapeyrieaKungurianA member of Permoneuropteridae

Notoptera

Depressopterum[12]D. minutusF19, AriègesKungurianA member of Liomopteridae
Lodevopterum [12]L. angustusF31, BouissetKungurianA member of Euremiscidae
Lodevoisadia [13]L. coheniNear LodèveKungurianA member of Grylloblattodea
Oborella[14][7]O. lodevensisF40, Le Moural BKungurianA member of Lemmatophoridae
Permobaharellus [7]P. salagousensisF34, Les VignassesArtinskianA member of Grylloblattodea

Odonatoptera

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Epilestes [15]E. gallicaF23, Les CanalsKungurianA member of Permagrionoidea
Huangiopterum [7]H. lodevenseF38, Saut des VachesKungurianA member of Huangiopteridae
Lapeyria [16]L. magnificaF23, Les CanalsKungurianA member of Lapeyriidae
Lodevia [15]L. longialataF31, Bouisset, F21D, Le Moural DArtinskian & KungurianA member of Permagrionidae
Salagoulestes [17]S. wesleyiLa PradeKungurianA member of Permagrionidae
Saxonagrion [18]S. minutusF23, Les CanalsKungurianA member of Saxonagrionidae

Meganisoptera

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
ArctotypusA. gallicus [19]F34, Les Vignasses, F23, Les CanalsArtinskian & KungurianA member of Meganeuridae
A. intermedius [19]F41, Le Mourrel, F45, Rieu Peyre-la BoutineKungurianA member of Meganeuridae
A. merifonsensis [19]F41, Le MourrelKungurianA member of Meganeuridae
Curvitupus [19]C. ariengensisF19, AriègesKungurianA member of Meganeuridae
Nannotupus [19]N. pumilioF40, Le Devès, F45, Rieu Peyre-la BoutineKungurianA member of Meganeuridae
PermotupusP. minor [19]F44, Le PlanasKungurianA member of Meganeuridae
P. ollieorum [19]F41, Le MourrelKungurianA member of Meganeuridae
Tupus [19]T. gallicusF41, Le MourrelKungurianA member of Meganeuridae

Orthoptera

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Bethouxia [7]B. ariegensisF19, AriègesKungurianA member of Archaeorthoptera
Crinoedischia [20]C. lapeyrieiF19, AriègesKungurianA member of Proparagryllacrididae
IasviaI. reticulata [21]F28, Notre Dame des Clans, F32, Col des Détroits, F34, Les Vignasses, F45, Rieu Peyre-la BoutineArtinskian & KungurianA member of Oedischiidae
I. secunda [21]F28, Notre Dame des ClansArtinskianA member of Oedischiidae
Lodevolongzhua[7]L. incompletaF21, Le SautArtinskianA member of Archaeorthoptera
Permophyllum [7]P. rotundatumF32, Col des Détroits, F21, Le MouralKungurian
Permostridulus [22]P. brongniartiF21, Dio, F40, Le Devès, F41, Le MourrelKungurianA member of Permostridulidae
Raphogla [23]R. rubraF21D, Le Moural DArtinskianA member of Raphoglidae

Paoliida

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Lodevocladus [7]L. subtilisF40, Le DevèsKungurianA member of Anthracoptilidae
Permotermospis [24]P. gallicaKungurianA member of Anthracoptilidae
StrephocladusS. gandi [7]F19, AriègesKungurianA member of Anthracoptilidae
S. mouralensis [7]F21, Le MouralArtinskianA member of Anthracoptilidae
S. permianus [25](unspecified)KungurianA member of Anthracoptilidae

Palaeodictyoptera

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Lodetiella [26]L. magnificaLa Lieude farmKungurianA member of Calvertiellidae

Reculida

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Lodevophlebia [7]L. reticulataF21D, Le Moural DArtinskianA member of Sylvaphlebiidae

Other insects

genusspecieslocalityageclassification
Permoponopteryx [27]P. lodevensisF34, Les Vignasses, F23, Les CanalsArtinskian & KungurianUnknown affinities

See also

References

  1. ^ Pfeifer, Lily S.; Hinnov, Linda; Zeeden, Christian; Rolf, Christian; Laag, Christian; Soreghan, Gerilyn S. (2020). "Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy of Permian Loess in Eastern Equatorial Pangea (Salagou Formation, South-Central France)". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8..241P. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00241. hdl:11244/331243. ISSN 2296-6463
  2. ^ Lapeyrie, Jean; Lapeyrie, Jean; Nel, André; Nel, André; Béthoux, Olivier; Béthoux, Olivier (2004). "The extinct order Caloneurodea (Insecta: Pterygota: Panorthoptera): Wing venation, systematics and phylogenetic relationships". Annales Zoologici. 54 (2): 289–318. doi:10.3161/0003454043540837
  3. ^ Béthoux, Olivier; Nel, André; Galtier, Jean; Lapeyrie, Jean; Gand, Georges (2003-05-01). "A new species of Tococladidae CARPENTER, 1966 from the Permian of France (Insecta: Archaeorthoptera)". Geobios. 36 (3): 275–283. Bibcode:2003Geobi..36..275B. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(03)00030-5. ISSN 0016-6995
  4. ^ Prokop, Jakub & Nel, André (2011-09-24). "New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)". ZooKeys. ' (130): 41–55. Bibcode:2011ZooK..130...41P. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1311. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 3260748. PMID 22259265
  5. ^ Béthoux, Olivier; Nel, André; Lapeyrie, Jean; Gand, Georges; Galtier, Jean (2003-03-01). "New Martynoviidae from the Permian of Southern France (Lodève basin) (Insecta: Palaeoptera: Diaphanopterodea)". Geobios. 36 (2): 131–139. Bibcode:2003Geobi..36..131B. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(03)00002-0. ISSN 0016-6995
  6. ^ Bethoux, O.; Nel, A.; Gand, G.; Lapeyrie, J. (2001-01-01). "Surijoka Lutevensis nov. sp.: The first glosselytrodea (insecta) from the upper permian of France (Lodève basin)". Geobios. 34 (4): 405–413. Bibcode:2001Geobi..34..405B. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(01)80004-8. ISSN 0016-6995
  7. ^ Prokop, Jakub; Szwedo, Jacek; Lapeyrie, Jean; Garrouste, Romain; Nel, André (2015-01-02). "New Middle Permian insects from Salagou Formation of the Lodève Basin in southern France (Insecta: Pterygota)". Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.). 51 (1): 14–51. Bibcode:2015AnSEF..51...14P. doi:10.1080/00379271.2015.1054645. ISSN 0037-9271
  8. ^ Szwedo, Jacek; Lapeyrie, Jean; Nel, Andre (January 2015). "Rooting down the aphid's tree – the oldest record of the A phidomorpha lineage from P alaeozoic ( Insecta: Hemiptera)". Systematic Entomology. 40 (1): 207–213. Bibcode:2015SysEn..40..207S. doi:10.1111/syen.12099. ISSN 0307-6970
  9. ^ Hakim, Marina; Azar, Dany; Szwedo, Jacek; Brysz, Alicja M.; Huang, Diying (2019-06-01). "New paraneopterans (Protopsyllidioidea, Hemiptera) from the mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar". Cretaceous Research. 98: 136–152. Bibcode:2019CrRes..98..136H. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.12.012. ISSN 0195-6671
  10. ^ Nel, André; Lapeyrie, Jean; Garrouste, Romain (2019-07-03). "The first European representative of the South American family Xenopteraidae (Insecta: Megasecoptera) discovered in the Guadalupian of Lodève (France)". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 43 (3): 436–440. Bibcode:2019Alch...43..436N. doi:10.1080/03115518.2019.1597162. ISSN 0311-5518
  11. ^ Peng, Ancheng; Boderau, Mathieu; Nel, André; Garrouste, Romain (2025-07-29). "A new enigmatic family from the Middle Permian of Lodève (France) enlightens the venation of Neuroptera". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 331 (1–3): 1–7. Bibcode:2025PalAA.331....1P. doi:10.1127/pala/0164
  12. ^ BéThoux, O.; Nel, A.; Lapeyrie, J.; Gand, G. (January 2005). "New Data on Paleozoic Grylloblattid Insects (Neoptera)". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (1): 125–138. Bibcode:2005JPal...79..125B. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0125:NDOPGI>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360
  13. ^ Nel, André; Kundura, Jean-Paul; Pouillon, Jean-Marc; Garrouste, Romain; Jouault, Corentin (2022-12-19). "A new 'grylloblattodean' genus and species (Insecta: Polyneoptera) from the middle Permian Salagou Formation (France)". European Journal of Taxonomy. ' (852): 77–84. Bibcode:2022EJTax.852.2011N. doi:10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2011. ISSN 2118-9773
  14. ^ Poschmann, Markus J.; Nel, André; Raisch, Manfred (2024-03-01). "Diversity and variability of grylloblattidan insects (Grylloblattida) from the early Permian Meisenheim Formation of the Saar-Nahe Basin (SW-Germany)". PalZ. 98 (1): 67–84. Bibcode:2024PalZ...98...67P. doi:10.1007/s12542-023-00672-8. ISSN 1867-6812
  15. ^ Nel, André; Gand, Georges; Garric, Jacques; Lapeyrie, Jean (February 1999). "The first recorded protozygopteran insects from the Upper Permian of France". Palaeontology. 42 (1): 83–97. Bibcode:1999Palgy..42...83N. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00063. ISSN 0031-0239
  16. ^ Nel, André; Gand, Georges; Garric, Jacques (1999-01-01). "A new family of Odonatoptera from the continental Upper Permian: The Lapeyriidae (Lodève Basin, France)". Geobios. 32 (1): 63–72. Bibcode:1999Geobi..32...63N. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(99)80083-7. ISSN 0016-6995
  17. ^ Fate, Caitlin; Lapeyrie, Jean; Nel, Andre (2013-08-28). "A new Permagrionidae from the Middle Permian of the South of France (Odonatoptera: Protozygoptera)". Zootaxa. 3702 (4): 397–400. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3702.4.8. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 26146734
  18. ^ Nel, André; Fleck, Gunther; Bethoux, Olivier; Gand, Georges; Lapeyrie, Jean; Garric, Jacques (1999-01-01). "Saxonagrion minutus nov. gen. et sp., the oldest damselfly from the Upper Permian of France (Odonatoptera, Panodonata, Saxonagrionidae nov. fam.)". Geobios. 32 (6): 883–888. Bibcode:1999Geobi..32..883N. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(99)80870-5. ISSN 0016-6995
  19. ^ Nel, André; Fleck, Günther; Garrouste, Romain; Gand, Georges; Lapeyrie, Jean; Bybee, Seth M.; Prokop, Jakub (2009-09-22). "Revision of Permo-Carboniferous griffenflies (Insecta: Odonatoptera: Meganisoptera) based upon new species and redescription of selected poorly known taxa from Eurasia". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 289 (4–6): 89–121. Bibcode:2009PalAA.289...89N. doi:10.1127/pala/289/2009/89
  20. ^ Fernandes, Flávia Rodrigues; Prokop, Jakub; Nel, André (2014-10-02). "Discovery of the genus Crinoedischia in the Middle Permian of France (Insecta: Orthoptera)". Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.). 50 (3–4): 260–263. Bibcode:2014AnSEF..50..260F. doi:10.1080/00379271.2014.981420. ISSN 0037-9271
  21. ^ Béthoux, Olivier; Nel, André; Gand, Georges; Lapeyrie, Jean; Galtier, Jean (2002-05-01). "Discovery of the genus Iasvia Zalessky, 1934 in the Upper Permian of France (Lodève basin) (Orthoptera, Ensifera, Oedischiidae)". Geobios. 35 (3): 293–302. Bibcode:2002Geobi..35..293B. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00027-X. ISSN 0016-6995
  22. ^ BéThoux, Olivier; Nel, André; Lapeyrie, Jean; Gand, Georges (2003-11-20). "The Permostridulidae fam. n. (Panorthoptera), a new enigmatic insect family from the Upper Permian of France". European Journal of Entomology. 100 (4): 581–585. doi:10.14411/eje.2003.087
  23. ^ Bethoux, Olivier; Nel, André; Lapeyrie, Jean; Gand, Georges; Galtier, Jean (2002-03-15). "Raphogla rubra gen. n., sp. n., the oldest representative of the clade of modern Ensifera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidea, Gryllidea)". European Journal of Entomology. 99 (1): 111–116. doi:10.14411/eje.2002.019
  24. ^ Boderau, Mathieu; Peng, Ancheng; Kundura, Jean-Paul; Kundura, Marie-Hélene; Nel, André (2026-01-02). "The first representative of the genus Permotermopsis (Insecta, Paoliidae) from the middle Permian of Lodève (France) with taxonomic opinions on grylloblattid and paoliid families". Historical Biology. 38 (1): 31–34. Bibcode:2026HBio...38...31B. doi:10.1080/08912963.2025.2467998. ISSN 0891-2963
  25. ^ Guan, Zhaoying; Prokop, Jakub; Roques, Patrick; Lapeyrie, Jean; Nel, André (2015). "Revision of the enigmatic insect family Anthracoptilidae enlightens the evolution of Palaeozoic stem-dictyopterans". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. doi:10.4202/app.00051.2014. ISSN 0567-7920
  26. ^ Béthoux, Olivier; Nel, André; Schneider, Jörg W.; Gand, Georges (2007-03-01). "Lodetiella magnifica nov. gen. and nov. sp. (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera; Permian), an extreme situation in wing morphology of palaeopterous insects". Geobios. 40 (2): 181–189. Bibcode:2007Geobi..40..181B. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2006.04.001. ISSN 0016-6995
  27. ^ Nel, André; Prokop, Jakub; Grandcolas, Philippe; Garrouste, Romain; Lapeyrie, Jean; Legendre, Fréderic; Anisyutkin, Leonid N.; Kirejtshuk, Alexander G. (2014). "The beetle-like Palaeozoic and Mesozoic roachoids of the so-called "umenocoleoid" lineage (Dictyoptera: Ponopterixidae fam. nov.)" (in French). Comptes Rendus Palevol. 13 (7): 545–554. Bibcode:2014CRPal..13..545N. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.05.002