{{Short description|Flask and cups to serve sake}} {{redirect|Guinomi|the Filipino ingredient made from agar|Gulaman}} {{more citations needed|date=November 2007}} [[File:Sake set.jpg|thumb|''Sake'' can be served in a wide variety of cups; here is a ''sakazuki'' (flat saucer-like cup), ''ochoko'' (small cylindrical cup), and ''masu'' (wooden box cup).]]
A {{nihongo|'''''sake''''' '''set'''|酒器|shuki}} consists of the [[Bottle|flask]] and [[cup]]s used to serve ''[[sake]]''. ''Sake'' sets are most often in [[Japanese pottery]], but may be wood, [[lacquer]]ed wood, [[glass]] or [[plastic]]. The flask and cups may be sold individually or as a set.
[[Rice wine cup|Sake cups]] are normally small, with variable shapes but based on traditional bowls used for tea. They are normally without handles, and most often without stems.
==Server== [[File:Blue twinkle cut sake set.jpg|thumb|right|''Kiriko'' ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:切子|切子]]}}, cut glass) ''tokkuri'' and ''ochoko'']]
The server of a ''sake'' set is a flask called a ''tokkuri'' ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:徳利|徳利]]}}). A ''tokkuri'' is generally bulbous with a narrow neck, which tends to be called a "flask" in English, but may have a variety of other shapes, including that of a spouted vessel (''katakuchi''), similar to a Western [[teapot]]. Traditionally, heated ''sake'' is often warmed by placing the ''sake''-filled ''tokkuri'' in a pan of hot water, and thus the narrowed neck would prevent the heat from escaping. In more authentic places such as ''[[oden]]'' bars and ''[[ryōtei]]'' in Japan, sake is sometimes warmed and served in metal containers known as ''chirori'' ({{lang|ja|銚釐}})<ref>[[James Curtis Hepburn]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=4h0TAAAAYAAJ&dq=sake+chirori&pg=PA41 "Chirori"], ''A Japanese and English dictionary: with an English and Japanese index'', [[American Presbyterian Mission]] Press (Shanghai), 1867, p. 41.</ref><ref>{{in lang|ja}} [https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%8A%9A%E9%87%90 "{{lang|ja|銚釐}}"], kotobank/[[Asahi Shimbun]], accessdate=2010-12-22.</ref><ref>{{in lang|ja}} [https://www.meimonshu.jp/modules/xfsection/article.php?articleid=262 "{{lang|ja|お燗グッズ 本格派錫製ちろり}}"], [[Japan Prestige Sake Association]], accessdate=2010-12-22.</ref><ref>Sepp Linhart [http://ir.minpaku.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10502/750/1/SES40_009.pdf "Some Thoughts on the Ken Game in Japan: From the Viewpoint of Comparative Civilization Studies"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722073739/http://ir.minpaku.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10502/750/1/SES40_009.pdf |date=2011-07-22 }}, ''Senri Ethnological Studies'', 40 (1995), p. 101-124.</ref> or ''tanpo'' ({{lang|ja|湯婆}}).<ref>{{in lang|ja}} [https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B9%AF%E5%A9%86 "{{lang|ja|湯婆}}"], kotobank/[[Asahi Shimbun]], accessdate=2010-12-22.</ref> Recently, glass ''chirori'' are also used to chill sake.<ref>{{in lang|ja}} [http://www.dewazakura.co.jp/shuki/chirori.html "{{lang|ja|ちろり}}"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031009213043/http://www.dewazakura.co.jp/shuki/chirori.html|date=2003-10-09}}, [[Dewazakura Sake Brewery Corporation]], accessdate=2010-12-22.</ref>
==Drinking cups== Formerly, sake was sold by volume in a wooden box measuring cup, known as a ''[[Masu (Japanese)|masu]]''<ref>{{in lang|ja}} "[http://dic.search.yahoo.co.jp/search?p=%E5%8D%87%E9%85%92&ei=UTF-8 {{lang|ja|枡酒}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318020459/http://dic.search.yahoo.co.jp/search?p=%E5%8D%87%E9%85%92&ei=UTF-8 |date=2014-03-18 }}", Yahoo! Japan Dictionary/{{lang|ja|日本国語大辞典}}, accessdate=2010-12-22.</ref> which has a volume of one ''[[Gō (unit)|gō]]'' ({{convert|180|ml|abbr=on|disp=comma}}) and was also used to drink. In the past, the wooden box was said to complement the traditionally brewed sake, as it is brewed in a wooden [[cask]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:樽|樽]]}}), but in modern times, the masu is shunned by sake purists because the wood affects the flavor of the sake. Furthermore, tradition requires the masu be filled to the rim as a sign of prosperity. Masu are now commonly made of [[lacquerware]] or even of [[Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene|ABS plastic]]. As the traditional sake-serving cup and a symbol of prosperity due to sharing the same pronunciation as the Japanese word for increase/proliferate ({{lang|ja|[[:wiktionary:増す|増す]]}}), the masu is still used in modern times for the purpose of ceremony or to show generosity. In some Japanese restaurants, the server may put a glass inside the ''masu'' (or put the ''masu'' inside a saucer) and pour until the sake overflows and spills into the secondary container to symbolize this wealth.
Nowadays, the sake is typically served in ceramic cups. The cups used for drinking sake are generally small cylindrical vessels called ''o-choko'' or ''choko'' ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:猪口|猪口]]}}, o- is an [[Honorific speech in Japanese#Honorific prefixes|honorific prefix in Japanese]] used such as ''o-sake'' and ''o-makase''), but may also include flatter shapes such as wide-mouthed bowls. ''Sakazuki'' are ceremonial cups used most commonly at weddings and other special occasions such as [[Japanese tea ceremony|tea ceremonies]], but larger versions of ''sakazuki'' also exist.
While not a traditional serving utensil, a [[shot glass]] is also used. In the United States, it is used as a substitute for ochoko, while in Japan it is used in conjunction with ''masu''. Sake [[stemware]] is also used, which is essentially a glass sake cup elevated above a wide base. Sake stemware, as well as glass tokkuri, are now commonly used to serve chilled sake.
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Three sake cups.jpg|Three traditional sake cup shapes File:Masu_zake_by_jeredb_in_San_Francisco.jpg|A decorated lacquer ''masu'' File:Overflowing sake glass in masu.jpg|Overflowing glass inside the ''masu'' File:A japanese Wedding-J. M. W. Silver.jpg|The bride is sipping sake from a ''sakazuki'' in ''san-san-kudo'' ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:三三九度|三三九度]]}}) ritual in a Japanese wedding. A woman on the right is holding a ''chōshi'' ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:銚子|銚子]]}}) sake server. From ''Sketches of Japanese Manners and Customs, Illustrated by Native Drawings...'' by J. M. W. Silver, published in London in 1867. File:Kagami biraki - new years - club in tokyo - 2020 1 1.webm|''Masu'' being used to drink sake at a sake [[kagami biraki|barrel breaking ritual]] in Japan, 2020 </gallery>
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Sake sets}} * [http://www.e-yakimono.net/html/flask-shapes.htm Sake Flask Shapes Guide] * [http://www.esake.com/Knowledge/TOKKURI/tokkuri.html Tokkuri- Sake Flask Shapes] * Yoshio Tsuchiya, Masaru Yamamoto (food styling), Eiji Kori (photography), [[Juliet Winters Carpenter]] (translation) [https://books.google.com/books?id=EApBl0xz-zgC&dq=sake+chirori&pg=RA1-PA70 "Saké servers"], ''The Fine Art of Japanese Food Arrangement'', [[Kodansha International]] (Tokyo), 2002, p. 70. {{ISBN|978-4-7700-2930-0}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sake Set}} [[Category:Containers]] [[Category:Drinkware]] [[Category:Japanese cuisine]] [[Category:Sake]]