Sajó

{{hatnote|Sajó is also the Hungarian name for Șieu commune and the Șieu river in Romania.}} {{More citations needed|date=February 2018}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} {{Infobox river | name = Sajó | name_other = Slaná | image = Sajó látképe.jpg | image_caption = The river between Sajóvámos and Szirmabesenyő | map = {{superimpose|align=center|width=275px | float=Slaná River - location and watershed map.svg | base=Slovakia - background map.png }} | map_size = | map_caption = Current and watershed of the Sajó River in Slovakia and Hungary | source1_location = Stolica Mountains | source1_elevation ={{convert|1229|m|abbr=on}} | source1_coordinates={{coord|48|46|34.4388|N|20|12|34.6464|E}} | mouth_location = Tisza | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|47.9437|21.1142|type:_river}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|91|m}} | progression = {{RTisza}} | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = Slovakia and Hungary | length = {{convert|229.4|km|mi|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Takta, Hernád, Bódva, Szuha | tributaries_right = Szinva, Bán-patak, Hangony, Rimava, Turiec, Muráň, Štítnik | basin_size ={{convert|12708.3|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="MAGYARORSZÁG HIDROLÓGIAI ATLASZA-I. Folyóink vízgyűjtője-A Sajó">{{cite book|url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/VizugyiKonyvek_MagyarorszagHidrologiaiAtlasza_01-02/?pg=0&layout=s|title=MAGYARORSZÁG HIDROLÓGIAI ATLASZA-I. Folyóink vízgyűjtője-A Sajó}}</ref> to {{convert|12869.6|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="TISZA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/EAST%20EUROPE/DANUBE_TIZ/index.html|title=TISZA}}</ref> | discharge1_avg ={{convert|65.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} to {{convert|78.623|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="TISZA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/EAST%20EUROPE/DANUBE_TIZ/index.html|title=TISZA}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Tiszaújváros, Hungary (near mouth) | discharge2_location=Miskolc (53.205 rkm; Basin size: {{convert|6245.8|km2|abbr=on}} | discharge2_avg={{convert|35.087|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="TISZA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/EAST%20EUROPE/DANUBE_TIZ/index.html|title=TISZA}}</ref> | discharge3_location= Kazincbarcika (88.4 rkm; Basin size: {{cvt|4,361|km2|abbr=on}} | discharge3_avg = {{cvt|24.473|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="TISZA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/EAST%20EUROPE/DANUBE_TIZ/index.html|title=TISZA}}</ref> | discharge5_location=Rožňava (Rozsnyó, 177.5 rkm; Basin size: {{cvt|301.53|km2|abbr=on}} | discharge5_avg ={{cvt|3.264|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="TISZA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/EAST%20EUROPE/DANUBE_TIZ/index.html|title=TISZA}}</ref> | discharge4_location=Bánréve, Sajópüspöki (123.6 rkm; Basin size: {{convert|3204.7|km2|abbr=on}} | discharge4_avg={{convert|20.55|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="TISZA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/EAST%20EUROPE/DANUBE_TIZ/index.html|title=TISZA}}</ref>}}

The '''Sajó''' ({{IPA|hu|ˈʃɒjoː}} {{respell|SHOH|yoe}}, Hungarian) or '''Slaná''' (Slovak) is a river in Slovakia and Hungary.

Its length is 229&nbsp;km, of which 110&nbsp;km is in Slovakia. Its source is in the Stolica Mountains range of the Slovak Ore Mountains. It flows through the Slovak town Rožňava and the Hungarian city Miskolc. In Hungary, Sajó flows through the county of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. It flows into the River Tisza near Tiszaújváros. Its main tributaries are the Bodva and the Hornád. It is also known for the Battle of the Sajó River, near Muhi (then Mohi), from 11 April 1241 between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary.

==Geography==

Catchment area of the Sajó river by country:<ref name="VÍZÜGYI HONLAP">{{cite web|url=https://www.vizugy.hu/print.php?webdokumentumid=1524|title=VÍZÜGYI HONLAP}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="3" | River ! colspan="4" | Area by country |- ! colspan="2" |Slovakia {{flagicon|Slovakia}} ! colspan="2" |Hungary {{flagicon|Hungary}} |- ! (km²) ! (%) !(km²) !(%) |- |Sajó |3,217 |25.3 |2,328 |18.3 |- |Bódva |858 |6.8 |869 |6.8 |- |Hernád |4,423 |34.8 |1,013 |8.0 |- | colspan="5" | |- | |''8,498'' |''66.9'' |''4,210'' |''33.1'' |- | colspan="5" | |- |''Sajó River Basin'' | colspan="3" |'''''12,708&nbsp;km²''''' |'''''100.0%''''' |}

Important hydrological stations along the Sajó river:<ref name="VÍZÜGYI HONLAP"/><ref name="TISZA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/EAST%20EUROPE/DANUBE_TIZ/index.html|title=TISZA}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan | Station ! River kilo-meter (rkm) ! Altitude (m) ! Basin size (km²) ! Average discharge (m³/s) |- | colspan="5" |Hungary {{flagicon|Hungary}} |- |Tiszaújváros (near mouth) |0.0 |91 |12,869.6 |78.623 |- |Kesznyéten |10.5 |94 |12,131.9 |75.582 |- |Ónod |34 |104 |6,691 |36.701 |- |Felsőzsolca |50.9 |114 |6,591.9 |36.276 |- |Miskolc |53.9 |116 |6,591.9 |36.146 |- |Kazincbarcika |88.4 |135 |4,361 |24.473 |- |Sajópüspöki, Bánréve |123.6 |155 |3,204.7 |20.55 |- | colspan="5" |Slovakia {{flagicon|Slovakia}} |- |Lenartovce (Sajólénártfalva) |127.2 |157 |1,829.65 |14.5 |- |Bretka (Beretke) |149.8 |193 |889.12 |6.075 |- |Rožňava (Rozsnyó) |175.5 |276.6 |301.53 |3.264 |- |Gemerská Poloma (Veszverés) |184.3 |320.9 |201.6 |2.622 |- |Vlachovo (Oláhpatak) |198.6 |412 |123.16 |2.051 |- |Vyšná Slaná (Felsősajó) |201.3 |440.9 |60.28 |0.696 |}

==Tributaries==

Complete list of streams (slovak ''<nowiki/>'potok'<nowiki/>''; Hungarian '''patak''<nowiki/>') and rivers flowing into the Sajó (from the estuary upwards):<ref name="TISZA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/EAST%20EUROPE/DANUBE_TIZ/index.html|title=TISZA}}</ref><ref name="OMA.sk-Slovensko">{{cite web|url=https://voda.oma.sk|title=OMA.sk-Slovensko}}</ref><ref name="MAGYARORSZÁG HIDROLÓGIAI ATLASZA-I. Folyóink vízgyűjtője-A Sajó">{{cite book|url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/VizugyiKonyvek_MagyarorszagHidrologiaiAtlasza_01-02/?pg=0&layout=s|title=MAGYARORSZÁG HIDROLÓGIAI ATLASZA-I. Folyóink vízgyűjtője-A Sajó}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Left tributary ! Right tributary ! Length (km) ! Basin size (km²) ! Average discharge (m³/s) |- | colspan="5" |Hungary {{flagicon|Hungary}} |- |Inér-háti-főcsatorna | rowspan="2" | |10.2 |55 |0.089 |- |Takta |63.8 |620.6 |2.951 |- | |Hejő-Szarda-övcsatorna | | | |- |Hernád | rowspan="2" | |282.2 |5,436.4 |38.555 |- |Kis-Sajó |20.9 |85.8 |0.16 |- | rowspan="2" | |Szinva |18.5 |159.4 |0.733 |- |Bábony-patak |9.5 |26.9 |0.122 |- |Bódva | |110.7 |1,727.3 |9.983 |- | rowspan="2" | |Harica |20.1 |86.1 |0.292 |- |Alacska-patak |6.6 |10 |0.049 |- |Szuha | |40 |211.6 |0.982 |- | rowspan="2" | |Tardona-patak |18.9 |47.2 |0.206 |- |Bán-patak |23.9 |260.3 |0.893 |- |Galgóc-patak | rowspan="3" | |3.1 | | |- |Zsuponyó-patak |7.5 |17 |0.094 |- |Szörnyűvölgyi-patak |6 |10.3 |0.051 |- | rowspan="2" | |Mercse-patak |10.6 |30.1 |0.16 |- |Hangony |30.9 |295.2 |1.033 |- |Keleméri-patak | |15.6 |60.3 |0.19 |- | colspan="5" |Slovakia {{flagicon|Slovakia}} |- | rowspan="2" | |Rimava (Rima) |88 |1,368.6 |7.912 |- |Lúčka |7.2 | | |- |Neporadzský potok | rowspan="2" | |8.2 | |0.091 |- |Konský potok |10 | |0.139 |- | |Kaloša |15.1 |146.6 |0.27 |- |Hubovský potok | |9.2 | | |- | |Turiec (Turóc) |46.2 |370.5 |2.072 |- |Chinča | |9.8 | |0.111 |- | |Gemerský potok |3.8 | | |- |Lapša | |9.5 | | |- | |Muráň (Murány) |48.8 |413.2 |3.118 |- |Sograd' | rowspan="2" | |8.3 | |0.064 |- |Androvský potok |3.4 | |0.167 |- | rowspan="3" | |Mlynský | | | |- |Štítnik (Csetnek) |32.8 |229.6 |1.715 |- |Egressy potok (Egres-patak) |4.2 | | |- |Čremošná (Csermosnya-patak) | |29 |142 |0.968 |- | |Honský potok |12.8 |26.23 |0.189 |- |Rožňavský potok | rowspan="4" | |13.34 |42.3 |0.332 |- |Betliarsky potok |7.9 | |0.124 |- |Capašsky potok |5.3 | | | |- |Súl'ovský potok |14.2 |57.66 |0.462 |- | |Kolesárský potok |6.2 | | | |- |Dolinský potok | rowspan="2" | | | | |- |Lučica |4.9 | | |- | rowspan="4" | |Henckovský potok |3 | | |- |Pališov potok |2.9 | | |- |Kobeliarovský potok |6.76 |15.65 |0.138 |- |Gampel'ský potok |3.4 | | |- |Gočovský potok | rowspan="3" | |2.9 | | |- |Vlachovský potok |5.3 | | |- |Dobšinský potok (Dobsina) |15.5 |57.32 |0.578 |- | rowspan="3" | |Žoltkovský potok |6.5 | | |- |Potôčik | | | |- |Mlynná | | | |- |Krokovský potok | |1.9 | | |- | |Rovniansky potok |5.5 | | |- |Skalný potok | rowspan="2" | | | | |- |Trsteník |3.5 | | |}

==Etymology== The origin of the name is the subject of scholarly discussions. Hungarian linguists and historians suggested the derivation from the Hungarian ''sojó, só folyó'' (salt water, river) already in the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Peter |editor1-last=Žeňuch |editor2-first=Elena |editor2-last=Uzeňova |editor3-first=Katarína |editor3-last=Žeňuchová |title=Jazyk a kultúra na Slovensku v slovanských a neslovanských súvislostiach |first=Jaromír |last=Krško |chapter=Rudolf Odraz multietnicity karpatského regiónu v slovenskej hydronymii |year=2013 |page=71| publisher=Slavistický ústav J. Stanislava SAV, Slovenský komitét slavistov a Zemplínske múzeum v Michalovciach| location=Bratislava| url = https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/accountPropertiesAttachment.php?kernelUserID=ID&ID=2416 |isbn=978-80-89489-11-4| language=sk}}</ref> Newer theories associate the name with ''sió'' referring to fast streams. According to Slovak linguists, the name is pre-Hungarian (''Slaná'': salt river) and most likely not associated with the salinity but with the salt road existing already in times of Great Moravia. The supporters argue by citing numerous Slavic toponyms in the river basin and by local names related to ''soľ'' (salt) and Moravia like ''Moravce'', ''Soľár'', ''Solišče'', ''Soľka'', ''Soľník'', ''Morava'' (according to this interpretation the Hungarian name is a later translation).<ref>{{cite journal| first=Jaromír |last=Krško | title=Rudolf Krajčovič: Živé kroniky slovenských dejín skryté v názvoch obcí a miest – recenzia |journal=Acta Onomastica |year = 2009 |issue=L |pages=204–209 |publisher=Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR| location = Praha| url=https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/accountPropertiesAttachment.php?kernelUserID=ID&ID=1226 |issn=1211-4413| language=sk}}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

{{commons category|Sajó}} {{Hydrography of Slovakia}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sajo}} Category:Sajó basin Category:Rivers of Hungary Category:Rivers of Slovakia Category:International rivers of Europe Category:Rivers of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Category:Rivers of Košice Region Category:Rivers of Banská Bystrica Region