Sagrinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of leaf beetles}} {{Automatic taxobox | oldest_fossil = Paleocene | image = Sagra.buqueti.edof.jpg | image_caption = ''Sagra buqueti'' | taxon = Sagrinae | authority = Leach, 1815 | subdivision_ref = <ref>{{cite journal|first1=Patrice|last1=Bouchard|first2=Yves|last2=Bousquet|first3=Anthony E.|last3=Davies|first4=Miguel A.|last4=Alonso-Zarazaga|first5=John F.|last5=Lawrence|first6=Chris H. C.|last6=Lyal|first7=Alfred F.|last7=Newton|first8=Chris A. M.|last8=Reid|first9=Michael|last9=Schmitt|first10=S. Adam|last10=Ślipiński|first11=Andrew B. T.|last11=Smith|year=2011|title=Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)|journal=ZooKeys|issue=88|pages=1–972|doi=10.3897/zookeys.88.807|doi-access=free|pmc=3088472|pmid=21594053}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Tribes | subdivision = * Carpophagini * Diaphanopsidini * Megamerini * Sagrini }} '''Sagrinae''', also known as '''frog-legged beetles''' or '''kangaroo beetles''', are a subfamily of the leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae).

== Description == Beetles in this subfamily feature distinctive enlarged hindlegs, giving them their common names. While both males and females display enlarged hindlegs, the males' legs are significantly larger, a form of sexual dimorphism. Male beetles additionally have a large spine on the ventral sides of their hindlegs, used for grasping and removing rival males during competitions for access to females.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Katsuki |first=Masako |last2=Yokoi |first2=Tomoyuki |last3=Funakoshi |first3=Kota |last4=Oota |first4=Naoto |date=November 2014 |title=Enlarged Hind Legs and Sexual Behavior with Male-Male Interaction in Sagra femorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3157/021.124.0306 |journal=Entomological News |language=en |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=211–220 |doi=10.3157/021.124.0306 |issn=0013-872X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Other identifying features include deep sutural stria, a prognathous head without a median sulcus and with cruciform grooves, a narrow pronotum, and commonly deeply indented eyes. They also have functional wings that aren't used often.

Most beetles of the subfamily display bright colors, and some can grow to be 1 to 2 inches in length.<ref name="Hangay-2010">{{Cite book |last1=Hangay |first1=George |last2=Zborowski |first2=Paul |date=2010 |title=Guide to the Beetles of Australia |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100121 |doi=10.1071/9780643100121|isbn=9780643100121 }}</ref>

== Distribution and ecology == This subfamily is found in Asia and has been observed in Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippines. It prefers dense tropical jungles for its habitat.<ref name="Hangay-2010"/> There is fossil evidence that suggests these beetles lived in North America and Europe during the Eocene.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Legalov |first=Andrei A. |date=2021-05-12 |title=First record of the subfamily Sagrinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the Eocene of North America |journal=Fossil Record |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=135–139 |doi=10.5194/fr-24-135-2021 |issn=2193-0074|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Reproduction == There is not much known about reproduction and development in this subfamily. However, species in this subfamily often sport large cocoons in the post-larval stage which are commonly found on vining plants.

The cocoons represent a symbiotic relationship with a type of bacteria called Enterobacteriaceae because the bacteria play a role in the construction of the cocoons. This bacterium also functions as an intracellular symbiont with this subfamily of beetle, and lives in four large blind sacs at the larval foregut. The bacteria provide much needed nutrients throughout the beetle's life cycle.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ossler |first1=Julia N. |last2=Heath |first2=Katy D. |date=March 2018 |title=Shared Genes but Not Shared Genetic Variation: Legume Colonization by Two Belowground Symbionts |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/695829 |journal=The American Naturalist |volume=191 |issue=3 |pages=395–406 |doi=10.1086/695829 |s2cid=90914861 |issn=0003-0147|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Genera== : Tribe Carpophagini : ::''Carpophagus'' MacLeay, 1827 ::''Duboulaia'' Baly, 1871 : Tribe Diaphanopsidini: :: ''Diaphanops'' Schönherr, 1845 : Tribe Megamerini: :: ''Ametalla'' Hope, 1840 :: ''Atalasis'' Lacordaire, 1845 :: ''Coolgardica'' Blackburn, 1899 :: ''Mecynodera'' Hope, 1840 :: ''Megamerus'' MacLeay, 1827 :: ''Neodiaphanops'' Blackburn, 1899 :: ''Polyoptilus'' Germar, 1848 :: ''Pseudotoxotus'' Blackburn, 1889 :: †''Palaeatalasis'' Legalov, 2021<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Legalov |first=A. A. |title=First record of the subfamily Sagrinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the Eocene of North America |year=2021 |journal=Fossil Record |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=135–139 |doi=10.5194/fr-24-135-2021 |doi-access=free }}</ref> – Green River Formation, Utah, Eocene (Ypresian) : Tribe Sagrini: :: ''Sagra'' Fabricius, 1792 : Incertae sedis: :: †''Eosagra'' Haupt, 1950 – Geiseltal, Germany, Middle Eocene :: †''Gallopsis'' Legalov, Kirejtshuk & Nel, 2019<ref>{{cite journal|first1=A. A.|last1=Legalov|first2=A. G.|last2=Kirejtshuk|first3=A.|last3=Nel|year=2019|title=The oldest genus of the subfamily Sagrinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the Paleocene of Menat (France)|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol|volume=18|issue=2|pages=178–185|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2018.10.003|doi-access=}}</ref> – Menat Formation, France, Middle Paleocene :: †''Pulchritudo'' Krell & Vitali, 2021<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Krell |first1=F.-T. |last2=Vitali |first2=F. |year=2021 |title=Attenborough's beauty: exceptional pattern preservation in a frog-legged leaf beetle from the Eocene Green River Formation, Colorado (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Sagrinae) |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=7|issue=4|pages=2101–2112 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1398 |s2cid=238854571 }}</ref> – Green River Formation, Colorado, Eocene (Ypresian)

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Chrysomelidae Category:Polyphaga subfamilies