Sadiyah

{{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Sadiyah | settlement_type = Town | native_name = | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Iraq | pushpin_label_position = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Iraq}} | subdivision_type1 = Governorate | subdivision_name1 = Diyala | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Khanaqin District | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total = | TotalArea_sq_mi = | area_land = | LandArea_sq_mi = | area_water = | WaterArea_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban = | UrbanArea_sq_mi = | area_metro = | MetroArea_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2013 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Where are Iraq's Poor: Mapping Poverty in Iraq |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/22351/Where0are0Iraq0ping0poverty0in0Iraq.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=21 October 2020 |page=77}}</ref> | population_note = | population_total = 47,213 | population_density =  | population_density_mi2 =  | population_metro =  | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_mi2 = | population_urban = | timezone = | utc_offset = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|34|11|26.0|N|45|07|14.8|E|region:IQ-NI|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | website = | footnotes = | twin1 = | twin1_country = | name = | other_name = Qesrabad }} {{Not to be confused with|Al-Saydiya|}} '''Sadiyah''' ({{langx|ar|السعدية|Al-Sadiyah}};<ref>{{cite news |title=عودة ٨٠٠ عائله نازحة الى منازلهم في ناحية السعدية بمحافظة ديالى |url=https://www.rudaw.net/arabic/middleeast/iraq/031220195 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=Rûdaw |date=3 December 2019 |language=ar}}</ref> {{langx|ku|سەعدیە|translit=Sedîye}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Cejna berxwedana Kobanê pîroz be |url=http://yeniozgurpolitika.net/cejna-berxwedana-kobane-piroz-be/ |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=Yeni Özgür Politika |date=29 July 2014 |language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=سەعدیە.. داعش هێرشی کردە سەر لیوایەکی حەشدی شەعبی |url=http://www.basnews.com/index.php/so/news/kurdistan/502590 |access-date=20 December 2019 |language=ku}}</ref>) is a town in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. It is located near the Diyala River 8 km (5 mi) south of Jalawla.<ref name="maplandia">{{cite web|title=Jalula's Map|url=http://www.maplandia.com/iraq/diyala/sa-diyah/|access-date=26 August 2014|publisher=Map Landia}}</ref> The town is populated by Arabs, Kurds and Turkmens. It is disputed<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kane|first1=Sean|title=An Iraqi flashpoint loses its American safety net|work=Foreign Policy|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/08/17/an-iraqi-flashpoint-loses-its-american-safety-net/|access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref> and experienced significant Arabization during the Saddam era.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=14 December 2008|title=Reviving UN Mediation on Iraq's Disputed Internal Boundaries|work=International Crisis Group|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/iraq/194-reviving-un-mediation-iraqs-disputed-internal-boundaries|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref>

Sadiyah is controlled by Badr Organization.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Skelton|first1=Mac|last2=Saleem|first2=Zmkan Ali|date=2019|title=Iraq's disputed internal boundaries after ISIS: heterogeneous actors vying for influence|url=https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/100100/|journal=Middle East Centre|pages=14–5}}</ref>

==History== Sadiyah has been the center town of Sadiyah Sub-District since the Ottoman era.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Ihsan|first=Mohammad|title=Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and Disputed Areas in Iraq 1968-2003|page=44}}</ref> Sadiyah was used as winter pasture by the Kurdish Kalhor and Sanjâbi tribes who would pay pasturage dues to the Ottomans.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ateş|first=Sabri|title=Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843–1914|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781107245082|pages=162}}</ref> As part of the revolt of 1920, Sadiyah fell on 14 August 1920 largely due to the work of the Kurdish Dilo tribe.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ireland|first=Philip Willard|title=Iraq - A study in political development|year=1937}}</ref>

Kurds constituted 50% of the town in the 1947 census<ref>{{cite book|author1=C. J. Edmonds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qm26AAAAIAAJ|title=Kurds, Turks and Arabs, Politics, Travel and Research in North-Eastern Iraq, 1919-1925|date=1957|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=438|access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> and 40.5% in 1957.<ref name=":0" /> Arabs constituted 47.1% of the population in 1957, while Iraqi Turkmens were 12.4%.<ref name=":0" /> In the 1965 census, Arabs were the majority with 58.4% while Kurds constituted 24.7% and Turkmens were 9.6%.<ref>{{citation|last=Ihsan|first=Mohammad|title=Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and Disputed Areas in Iraq 1968-2003|pages=46}}</ref> In the 1977 census, the Arab population increased to 90.2%, while Kurds and Turkmens were 5.1% and 4% respectively.<ref>{{citation|last=Ihsan|first=Mohammad|title=Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and Disputed Areas in Iraq 1968-2003|pages=47}}</ref> In 1987, Arabs were 87.8% of the population, Kurds were 16.8% and Turkmens were 5.4%,<ref>{{citation|last=Ihsan|first=Mohammad|title=Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and Disputed Areas in Iraq 1968-2003|pages=48}}</ref> while the numbers were 83.1%, 9.9% and 7% for Arabs, Kurds and Turkmens, respectively in 1997.<ref>{{citation|last=Ihsan|first=Mohammad|title=Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and Disputed Areas in Iraq 1968-2003|pages=49}}</ref> More recent estimates state that Kurds constituted 38% in 2003 and 12% in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 July 2012|title=Iraqi Kurdistan: Paying A Heavy Price Over Identity|url=https://unpo.org/article/14533|access-date=21 October 2020|website=UNPO}}</ref>

After the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, Kurdistan Region pressured Arab settlers in Khanaqin to settle in Sadiyah which increased the Arab population further.<ref name=":3" /> Peshmerga was deployed to the town in 2011 after request from the federal government in Baghdad to counter the attacks on the local Kurds.<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 September 2011|title=Kurdish troops on patrol in Iraq's restive Diyala|work=Reuters|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-kurds-idUKTRE7884D320110909|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024003039/https://in.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-kurds-idUKTRE7884D320110909|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 24, 2020|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> The dire security after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003, forced more Kurds to leave the town.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 2011|title=Iraq: The impending withdrawal of US troops revives Kurdo-Arab tensions|url=https://www.institutkurde.org/en/publications/bulletins/317.html|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Kurdish Institute of Paris}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

=== ISIS and aftermath === In the early hours of 13 June, ISIS seized Sadiyah, after Iraqi security forces had abandoned their posts. Several villages around the Hamrin Mountains were also captured.<ref name="uk.reuters.com">[http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-jalawla-idUKKBN0EO0LF20140613 Insurgents take two more Iraqi towns, Obama threatens air strikes] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613114752/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/13/uk-iraq-security-jalawla-idUKKBN0EO0LF20140613 |date=13 June 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27828595 |title=Iraq conflict: ISIS militants seize new towns |publisher=BBC |date=13 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref> Sadiyah was captured by the Popular Mobilization Forces in November 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 December 2014|title=Shiite militias staying in 'disputed territories' could cause problems: officials|work=Rûdaw|url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/15122014|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> As of 2018, 80% of the Kurdish population have not returned to the town.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Northern Iraq|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20181/almdel/uui/bilag/27/1962773/index.htm|access-date=21 October 2020|publisher=Ministry of Immigration and Integration of Denmark|page=72}}</ref>

== See also == *Khanaqin *Jalawla

==References== {{reflist}}

Sadiyah Category:Kurdish settlements in Iraq Category:Turkmen communities in Iraq