Sabrina De Sousa

{{Short description|Portuguese-American CIA operative}} {{Infobox criminal | name = Sabrina de Sousa | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1956}} | birth_place = Goa, Portuguese India | death_date =  | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | residence = | other_names = | occupation = | known_for = | height = | weight = | predecessor = | successor = | religion = | criminal_charge = | penalty = | conviction_status = | spouse =  | children =  | parents =  | allegiance = | motive = | conviction = Kidnapping | reward_amount = | capture_status = | wanted_by = | partners = | wanted_since = | time_at_large = | escaped = | escape_end = | comments = | victims = | date = | time = | beginyear = | endyear = | country = | states = | locations = | targets = | fatalities = | injuries = | weapons = | apprehended = | imprisoned = | footnotes = }}

'''Sabrina de Sousa''' (born 1956) is a Portuguese-American ex-CIA operative<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-cia-sabrina-desousa-italy-portugal-rendition-pete-hoekstra-hassan-563225|title=Behind the deal that freed former CIA officer Sabrina De Sousa|date=2 March 2017|website=Newsweek.com|access-date=11 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/28/world/europe/italy-rendition-cia-sabrina-de-sousa-cleric.html|title=Italy Reduces Sentence for Ex-C.I.A. Officer Sought in Rendition Case|first=Elisabetta|last=Povoledo|date=1 March 2017|access-date=11 December 2021|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/01/517916196/italy-grants-partial-clemency-to-ex-cia-officer-over-extraordinary-rendition|title=Ex-CIA Officer In Rendition Case Is Released After Italy Grants Partial Clemency|first=Rebecca|last=Hersher|date=1 March 2017|access-date=11 December 2021|website=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-cia-idUSKBN1X60FF|title=Ex-CIA spy flees from Italy to U.S. fearing for her safety: paper|date=27 October 2019|access-date=11 December 2021|website=Reuters.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/b22a5ec9711645c291404073e7113524 |title=Archived copy |website=apnews.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128090402/https://apnews.com/article/b22a5ec9711645c291404073e7113524 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> convicted (in absentia) of kidnapping. In 2009 she was convicted of kidnapping in Italy for her role in the 2003 abduction of the Muslim imam Abu Omar, who was kidnapped in Milan and subsequently tortured. Sousa was sentenced to four years in prison for her role in the kidnapping. A European Arrest Warrant valid throughout Europe was subsequently issued for her arrest, and she was arrested in Portugal under that arrest warrant in 2015. She was due to be extradited back to Italy to serve her sentence, having exhausted her appeal rights against her extradition in Portugal, when the President of Italy issued her a pardon ending extradition proceedings against her in February 2017. She was still due to serve community service when she left Italy for the US in October 2019 citing fears for her safety.

In 2009, Sousa sued the U.S. State Department, claiming that the State Department should grant her diplomatic immunity for her role in the kidnapping. The State Department denied that she had diplomatic immunity, and she lost her lawsuit against the State Department. In a July 27, 2013, interview with the McClatchy News Service, she said that she worked undercover for the CIA when the kidnapping took place. She maintains she played no role in the kidnapping, was unaware of the plans, and was on a ski trip when it took place.

==Background== Sousa was born in Goa, Portuguese India, and grew up in Mumbai, India. She is a citizen of Portugal and the United States, having obtained her U.S. citizenship in 1985.<ref name=Nytimes2016-04-12/>

== Role in the kidnapping and torture of Abu Omar == {{Main|Abu Omar case}} The underlying case is called the "Abu Omar case" or the "Imam Rapito affair". Abu Omar, also known as Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr and Osama Moustafa Hassan Nasr, is a Muslim cleric, who on February 17, 2003, was abducted by the CIA, transported to the Aviano Air Base, from which he was transferred to Egypt, where he was interrogated (and allegedly tortured).<ref name="fotocia"/><ref name="modocia"/> The case involves "kidnapping charges in Italy for the seizure of a suspected terrorist."<ref name=AP>Nedra Pickler, "Lawsuit seeks diplomatic immunity in Italian case," Associated Press, slightly different versions found at [http://www.kansascity.com/444/story/1197154.html ''Kansas City Star'' website], [http://www.aol.co.nz/news/story/Lawsuit-seeks-diplomatic-immunity-in-Italian-case/2049661/index.html AOL New Zealand website]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/05/14/ap/politics/main5014128.shtml CBS website]{{dead link|date=August 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}. Accessed May 14, 2009.</ref> The Italian government originally denied having played any role in the abduction, but Italian prosecutors Armando Spataro and Ferdinand Enrico Pomarici indicted two dozen American and Italian government employees and agents.<ref name="rinviopollari">[http://www.repubblica.it/2007/02/sezioni/cronaca/abu-omar-pollari/abu-omar-pollari/abu-omar-pollari.html "Rapimento Abu Omar, a giudizio l'ex capo del Sismi Nicolò Pollari"], La Repubblica, 16 febbraio 2007.</ref>

One of those were Sousa. She is not alleged to have kidnapped Omar herself, but is said to have "helped make false documents to mislead investigators."<ref name=Indy /> Italian authorities issued an arrest warrant in 2006 for Sousa.<ref name=Euro /> They named her publicly in July 2008.<ref>Jeff Stein, "Italian Police Name CIA Contacts in Kidnap Trial," ''Congressional Quarterly Politics'', July 10, 2008, found at [http://blogs.cqpolitics.com/spytalk/2008/07/italian-police-name-cia-contac.html CQ Politics website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201112501/http://blogs.cqpolitics.com/spytalk/2008/07/italian-police-name-cia-contac.html |date=2008-12-01 }}. Accessed May 14, 2009.</ref> She claims an alibi that she was "vacationing at a ski resort nearly 130 miles away in Madonna di Campiglio, Italy."<ref name=AP />

Sousa is alleged by the Italian judicial system to be an intelligence officer.<ref name=NYT /><ref name=AP /> They claim that she is part of a "CIA network",<ref>[http://www.statewatch.org/news/2006/oct/10italy-omar-case.htm State Watch.org website], citing [http://www.statewatch.org/news/2006/oct/spataro-avviso-di-conclusione-delle-indagini.pdf Information from the prosecutor's office (in Italian)]. Statewatch.org, Accessed May 14, 2009.</ref> serving under diplomatic cover.<ref>''Security Law Brief'', May 14, 2009, found at [http://www.securitylawbrief.com/main/2009/05/woman-in-rendition-case-sues-for-immunity.html Security Law Brief website] {{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Accessed May 14, 2009.</ref> She claims to be a diplomat.<ref name=NYT /><ref name=AP /><ref name=Nytimes2016-04-12/><ref name=TheLeftCoaster/><ref name=Euro/><ref name=Firedoglake2013-07-27/> She was registered with the United States Embassy in Rome as a Second Secretary, but posted in Milan.<ref>Stephen Grey, ''Ghost plane: the true story of the CIA torture program,'' p. 349, fn. 45, (Macmillan, 2006) {{ISBN|978-0-312-36023-8}} found at [https://books.google.com/books?id=tj9VWgWuGaYC&dq=%22Sabrina+De+Sousa%22+-Magalh%C3%A3es+-Kienzle&pg=RA1-PA349 Google Books]. Accessed May 14, 2009.</ref> She was a State Department employee,<ref name=Indy>[http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2007/03/30/18385947.php Indy Bay website]. Accessed May 14, 2009.</ref> until she resigned in February 2009.<ref name=NYT />

She was convicted of kidnapping for her role in the Imam rapito affair on November 4, 2009, by an Italian court, after a ''trial in absentia'' and a plea of not guilty.<ref name=Nytimes2009-11-04/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/31/sabrina-de-sousa-bush_n_3684387.html|title= Sabrina De Sousa, Ex-CIA Whistleblower, Blames Bush For Defamation (VIDEO) |work=Huffington Post|date=2013-07-31}}</ref>

She was detained at the Lisbon airport in Portugal on October 5, 2015<ref name=TG20151008>{{cite news|title=Former CIA operative detained in Portugal over kidnapping of cleric |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/08/former-cia-operative-detained-portugal-kidnapping|date=October 8, 2015|access-date=October 10, 2015|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="NYT20160115">{{cite news|last1=Minder|first1=Raphael|title=Portugal to Extradite Ex-C.I.A. Agent to Italy in Rendition Case|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/16/world/europe/portugal-to-extradite-ex-cia-agent-to-italy-in-rendition-case.html|access-date=23 February 2016|work=The New York Times|date=15 January 2016}}</ref> and her passport confiscated, based on an outstanding warrant from her 2009 conviction.<ref name=TG20151008 /><ref name="NYT20160115" /> In January 2016, she was ordered extradited to Italy to serve her sentence.<ref name="NYT20160115" /> De Sousa appealed the ruling; working to clear her name, including writing a memoir about her activities, she disclaimed any involvement in the affair.<ref name="NYT20160115" /> On April 11, 2016, her appeal was denied<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sicnoticias.sapo.pt/pais/2016-04-11-Supremo-rejeita-recurso-contra-extradicao-de-ex-agente-da-CIA-detida-em-Lisboa|title=Supremo rejeita recurso contra extradição de ex-agente da CIA detida em Lisboa|website=Sicnoticias.sapo.pt}}</ref> by the Portuguese Supreme Court, which upheld the extradition order.<ref name=Nytimes2016-04-12/>

De Sousa filed a further appeal to Portugal's Constitutional Court, based on the difference between how Portugal and Italy handle convictions ''in absentia'' (she could not count on Italy granting her a re-trial, whereas a right to a re-trial is routinely allowed in Portugal) according to the ''New York Times''. On 8 June 2016, the Portuguese Constitutional Court upheld the Supreme Court's decision. Sabrina de Sousa was due to be extradited to Italy at that time.

=== Lawsuit === Sousa sued for a declaration that she is a diplomat with immunity from prosecution:<ref name=Wapo2012-07-12/>

{{blockquote|In the lawsuit filed Wednesday ''(May 2009)'' in federal court in Washington, Sabrina De Sousa wants diplomatic immunity and government-funded legal counsel in Italy. She claims she was a foreign service officer working in Milan and was not involved in the 2003 seizure of Muslim cleric Osama Moustafa Hassan Nasr, also known as Abu Omar. But Italian prosecutors say De Sousa, a 53-year-old India native, was a CIA officer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.rediff.com/report/2009/jun/17/mumbai-born-to-mata-hari-sabrina-de-sousas-amazing-story.htm|title=Mumbai-born to Mata Hari: Sabrina de Sousa's story|website=Rediff.com|access-date=11 December 2021}}</ref> working under diplomatic cover and was one of four main U.S. officials responsible for coordinating Omar's capture from a Milan street in broad daylight on February 17, 2003.|AP story<ref name=AP />}}

De Souza tried to appeal her extradition on the grounds that the CIA had documents that would establish she did not play the roles in the kidnapping for she was convicted, but that the documents were unavailable for her to use to defend herself, because they were classified as secrets.<ref name=FoxNews2017-02-20/><ref name=Wsj2017-20-21/><ref name=McClatchy2013-07-27/><ref name=Gawker2013-01-31/>

===Extradition=== De Souza eventually lost all her appeals against extradition.<ref name=FoxNews2017-02-20/><ref name=Wsj2017-20-21/><ref name=Yahoo2017-02-21/><ref name=Ansa2017-02-21/><ref name=Fox2016-06-17/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/08/ex-cia-officer-sabrina-de-sousa-extradition-italy--appeal-rejected-rendition|title=Ex-CIA officer faces extradition to Italy after final appeal rejected|first=Stephanie|last=Kirchgaessner | publisher = The Guardian (UK) |date=8 June 2016 }}</ref> In an email to the ''Associated Press'' De Souza's lawyers wrote that Portuguese authorities took her into custody on February 20, 2017, and that she would be transferred to Italian custody within a few days.

On February 28, 2017, Sergio Mattarella, the President of Italy, commuted Sousa's sentence, to just three years.<ref name=NYTimes2017-02-28/> Italian law allows convicts sentenced to 3 years or less to serve an alternate sentence under house arrest, in lieu of incarceration. De Sousa's initial sentence had been 7 years having previously been reduced to 4 years.<ref name=Nytimes2009-11-04/>

After Mattarella's partial commutation, Italian prosecutors revoked their extradition order.<ref name=NYTimes2017-02-28/><ref name=Metro2017-03-01/> De Sousa had expressed confidence that, when inaugurated Donald Trump would save her from imprisonment<ref name=Sapo2017-02-23/><ref name=Expresso2017-02-22/><ref name=MalaysiaOutlook2017-02-23/> leading to speculation Italy had succumbed to diplomatic pressure from the new administration.<ref name=TheGuardian2017-02-28/><ref name=Fox2017-01-17/><ref name=TheQuint2017-02-24/>

In October 2019, Sousa left Italy for the U.S. claiming "she fears for her safety".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/sabrina-de-sousa-cia-spy-italy-milan-hassan-mustafa-osama-nasr-a9173296.html|title=Ex-CIA spy flees Italy in mysterious circumstances saying she fears for her safety|website=Independent.co.uk|date=27 October 2019}}</ref>

==References==  {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="fotocia"> {{cite news |url=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Esteri/2005/11_Novembre/11/imam.shtml |title=Foto della Cia svela il sequestro dell'imam |publisher=Corriere della Sera |date=2005-11-12 |language=it |trans-title=Photo CIA reveals the kidnapping of Imam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124224017/http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Esteri/2005/11_Novembre/11/imam.shtml |archive-date=2005-11-24 |access-date=2017-02-28 |url-status=dead |quote=Da Aviano, l'imam è stato trasferito con un aereo speciale nella base americana di Ramstein in Germania e da qui ha proseguito, con un altro jet, verso il Cairo, dove è stato buttato in carcere speciale. Qui ha subito pesanti interrogatori, segnati da violenze e pressioni psicologiche e fisiche. Quasi un anno dopo gli egiziani hanno rimesso in libertà Abu Omar che ha raccontato alla famiglia quanto gli era successo. Rivelazioni che lo hanno riportato in galera — dove si trova tuttora — ma che hanno segnato la prima svolta nell'indagine in Italia. }} </ref>

<ref name=Sapo2017-02-23> {{cite news | url = https://24.sapo.pt/atualidade/artigos/ex-agente-da-cia-sabrina-de-sousa-otimista-sobre-possivel-intervencao-de-trump | title = Ex-agente da CIA Sabrina de Sousa, detida em Lisboa, "otimista" sobre possível intervenção de Trump | publisher = Sapo 24 | date = 2017-02-23 | language = it |trans-title=Former CIA agent Sabrina de Sousa, arrested in Lisbon, "optimistic" about possible intervention by Trump | access-date = 2017-02-28 | quote = "O presidente [Donald Trump] e esta Administração pode fazer parar este precedente, para que diplomatas, militares e agentes dos serviços de informações norte-americanos não sejam condenados por tribunais estrangeiros", disse Sabrina de Sousa numa entrevista à Fox News e que se encontra disponível na página da estação de televisão desde quarta-feira. }} </ref>

<ref name=Expresso2017-02-22> {{cite news | url = https://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2017-02-22-Ex-agente-da-CIA-em-Lisboa-tenta-perdao-de-Trump | title = Ex-agente da CIA em Lisboa tenta perdão de Trump | publisher = Expresso (Portugal) | date = 2017-02-22 | language = pt | access-date = 2017-02-28 | quote = A Fox News é provavelmente o único canal de notícias a que o atual presidente dos Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, dá algum crédito, depois de há um mês ter descrito os jornalistas, no seu todo, como "os seres humanos mais desonestos à face da Terra". Ainda durante o último fim de semana, a propósito de uma referência que tinha feito a um atentado na Suécia que nunca aconteceu, e sendo conhecida a sua aversão à prática da leitura, Trump tinha-se desculpado com o seu canal preferido: "Vi na Fox News". }} </ref>

<ref name=MalaysiaOutlook2017-02-23> {{cite news | url = http://www.malaysiaoutlook.com/washington-deeply-disappointed-over-imminent-extradition-of-former-cia-agent-to-italy/ | title = Washington 'deeply disappointed' over imminent extradition of former CIA agent to Italy | publisher = Malaysia Outlook | date = 2017-02-23 | access-date = 2017-02-28 | quote = The United States State Department said Wednesday it was "deeply disappointed" over the imminent extradition of a former CIA agent from Portugal to Italy for her alleged role in a counterterrorism operation authorised by the US government some 14 years ago. }} </ref>

<ref name=TheGuardian2017-02-28> {{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/28/ex-cia-agent-sabrina-de-sousa-pardoned-abu-omar | title = Ex-CIA officer pardoned for role in 2003 kidnapping of terrorism suspect | work = The Guardian | author = Stephanie Kirchgaessner | date = 2017-02-28 | location = Rome | access-date = 2017-02-28 | quote = The news will likely be met with relief by the US and Italian governments and will mean that the two countries will avoid diplomatic tensions ahead of Donald Trump's planned visit to Italy in May, when the US president attends the G7 meeting of world leaders in Sicily. }} </ref>

<ref name=Fox2017-01-17> {{cite news | url = https://www.foxnews.com/politics/ex-cia-officer-braces-for-extradition-from-portugal-to-italy-says-shes-scapegoat | title = Ex-CIA officer braces for extradition from Portugal to Italy, says she's 'scapegoat' | publisher = Fox News | author = Elizabeth Llorente | date = 2017-01-17 | access-date = 2017-02-28 | quote = "I hope that Trump will recognize the inherent unfairness of this situation," he said, adding that Italy and the United States could have handled the case of De Sousa and others convicted in a more diplomatic fashion. "There are ways that allies and friends work it out." }} </ref>

<ref name=TheQuint2017-02-24> {{cite news | url = https://www.thequint.com/world/2017/02/24/president-donald-trump-white-house-to-save-sabrina-de-sousa-may-widen-us-eu-rift | title = US Steps In to Stop Indian-Origin CIA Spy's Extradition to Italy | publisher = The Quint | author = Suhasini Krishnan | date = 2017-02-24 | access-date = 2017-02-28 | quote = The Donald Trump-led White House's involvement in the case will be closely watched, in light of Trump's open dismissal of the US' allies in Europe. }} </ref>

<ref name=Metro2017-03-01> {{cite news | url = http://www.metro.us/news/extradition-of-ex-cia-spy-canceled-to-be-released-in-portugal/Lmiqca---ngF3vngDyuzMVymGMFywDw/ | title = Extradition of ex-CIA spy canceled, to be released in Portugal | publisher = Metro News US | author = Andrei Khalip | date = 2017-03-01 | location = Lisbon | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170302115557/http://www.metro.us/news/extradition%2Dof%2Dex%2Dcia%2Dspy%2Dcanceled%2Dto%2Dbe%2Dreleased%2Din%2Dportugal/Lmiqca%2D%2D%2DngF3vngDyuzMVymGMFywDw/ | archive-date = 2017-03-02 | access-date = 2017-03-01 | url-status=dead | quote = A former CIA officer, convicted for involvement in the kidnapping of an Egyptian cleric in Italy, will not be deported from Portugal and will be released, her lawyer said on Wednesday. }} </ref>

<ref name=NYTimes2017-02-28> {{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/28/world/europe/italy-rendition-cia-sabrina-de-sousa-cleric.html | title = Italy Reduces Sentence for Ex-C.I.A. Officer Sought in Rendition Case | work = New York Times | author = Elisabetta Povoledofeb | date = 2017-02-28 | page = A3 | location = Rome | access-date = 2017-02-28 | quote = Ms. de Sousa was initially sentenced to seven years for kidnapping; that was later reduced to four years, and President Sergio Mattarella reduced it on Tuesday to three. Under Italian law, sentences of three years or less are eligible for alternatives to imprisonment. }} </ref>

<ref name=Yahoo2017-02-21> {{cite news | url = https://www.yahoo.com/news/portugal-extradite-ex-cia-agent-italy-within-days-111353706.html | title = Lawyer: Portugal to extradite ex-CIA agent to Italian jail | publisher = Yahoo News | author = Barry Hatton | date = 2017-02-21 | location = Lisbon | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170222112220/https://www.yahoo.com/news/portugal-extradite-ex-cia-agent-italy-within-days-111353706.html | archive-date = 2017-02-22 | access-date = 2017-02-20 | url-status=dead | quote = A Portuguese court has ordered police to extradite a former CIA agent to Italy, where she is due to serve a four-year prison sentence after being convicted of involvement in a U.S. program that kidnapped suspects for interrogation, her lawyer said Tuesday. }} </ref>

<ref name=Ansa2017-02-21> {{cite news | url = http://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2017/02/21/ex-agent-to-be-extradited-within-days-2_ce200f0d-5e49-4f5f-8543-a41ba7634c1d.html | title = Ex-agent to be extradited within days (2): Sabrina De Sousa convicted in Milan over Omar Nasr case | publisher = ANSA | date = 2017-02-21 | location = Lisbon | access-date = 2017-02-20 | quote = De Sousa looks set to be the first to actually go to jail over the case - the other 22 have not returned to Italy and three have been given presidential pardons. The Nasr case was the world's first judicial examination of the controversial practice of extraordinary rendition in the so-called war on terror. }} </ref>

<ref name=Wsj2017-20-21> {{cite news | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/ex-cia-agent-loses-appeal-against-extradition-in-kidnapping-case-1487687682 | title = Ex-CIA Agent Loses Appeal Against Extradition in Kidnapping Case: Sabrina de Sousa faces a four-year jail sentence in Italy | publisher = Wall Street Journal | author = Patricia Kowsmann, Manuela Mesco | date = 2017-02-21 | access-date = 2017-02-20 | quote = A former U.S. Central Intelligence Agency officer living in Portugal has lost her final appeal there to avoid going to prison in Italy for her part in a U.S. program that involved kidnapping suspected terrorists and flying them to other countries for interrogation. }} </ref>

<ref name=FoxNews2017-02-20> {{cite news | url = https://www.foxnews.com/world/extradition-under-way-for-ex-cia-officer-despite-appeals-to-trump-administration-for-help | title = Extradition under way for ex-CIA officer, despite appeals to Trump administration for help | publisher = Fox News | author = Crista Corbin | date = 2017-02-20 | access-date = 2017-02-20 | quote = De Sousa told Fox News she was detained by the Portuguese judiciary police on Monday -- despite urgent appeals to the Trump administration to intervene. She said Portuguese officials were working with the Italian government to select the prison where she will be incarcerated. }} </ref>

<ref name=Fox2016-06-17> {{cite news | url = https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/obama-administrations-absurd-priorities | title = Obama administration's absurd priorities | author = Pete Hoekstra | publisher = Fox News | date = 2016-06-17 | access-date = 2016-06-20 | quote = Portugal will soon extradite former CIA officer Sabrina de Sousa to Italy for incarceration. Her crime? She executed the orders of her CIA superiors, who were acting under the direction of the administration with oversight from Congress. }} </ref> <ref name=TheLeftCoaster> {{cite news | url = http://www.theleftcoaster.com/archives/008163.php | title = Separated at birth | publisher = The Left Coaster | date = 2006-07-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160702064603/http://www.theleftcoaster.com/archives/008163.php | archive-date = 2016-07-02 | access-date = 2009-05-14 | url-status=live | quote = At the same time Jeff Castelli, allegedly together with the diplomat Sabrina De Sousa, reprimanded Lady and ordered him to cut off all relations with D'Ambrosio. Jeff Castelli was then CIA station chief in Rome. Arrest warrants have been issued for Jeff Castelli and Sabrina De Sousa, as well as the agent Ralph Henry Russomando, accused of creating a false dossier to mislead Italian investigators, and Colonel Joseph Romano, then head of the Aviano Air Force Base and now at the Pentagon. }} </ref> <ref name="modocia"> {{cite news | url = http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2005/06_Giugno/24/imam.shtml | title = I pm di Milano: arrestate gli agenti della Cia |trans-title=The Milan pm: Stop the agents of the CIA | language = it | publisher = Corriere della Sera | date = 2005-06-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201735/http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2005/06_Giugno/24/imam.shtml | archive-date = 2016-03-03 | access-date = 2016-04-12 | url-status=live }} </ref> <ref name=Euro> {{cite news | url = http://www.eurotrib.com/story/2006/7/6/184443/8436 | title = Via Nazionale 230 | publisher = European Tribune | date = 2006-07-07 | access-date = 2009-05-14 }} </ref> <ref name=Nytimes2009-11-04> {{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/05/world/europe/05italy.html | title = Italy Convicts 23 Americans for C.I.A. Renditions | work = New York Times | author = Rachael Donadio | date = 2009-11-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160115183848/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/05/world/europe/05italy.html | archive-date=2016-01-15| access-date = 2016-04-14 | url-status=live }} </ref> <ref name=NYT> {{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/14/us/14diplo.html?ref=world | title = Woman in Rendition Case Sues for Immunity | work = New York Times | author = Scott Shane | date = 2009-05-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150927004444/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/14/us/14diplo.html | archive-date=2015-09-27 | access-date = 2016-04-13 | url-status=live }} </ref> <ref name=Nytimes2016-04-12> {{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/12/world/europe/portugal-supreme-court-extradition-cia-agent-sabrina-de-sousa.html | title = Portuguese Supreme Court Upholds Extradition of C.I.A. Agent to Italy | work = New York Times | date = 2016-04-12 | author = Rachel Minder | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160412163612/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/12/world/europe/portugal-supreme-court-extradition-cia-agent-sabrina-de-sousa.html | archive-date = 2016-04-12 | access-date = 2016-04-13 | url-status=live | page = A8 | quote = Ms. De Sousa, who resigned from the C.I.A. in 2009, was sentenced in absentia in Italy to six years in prison. She has asked the Italian authorities for a pardon. }} </ref> <ref name=Wapo2012-07-12> {{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/kidnapping-unravels-a-spys-career/2012/07/11/gJQAJreAeW_print.html | title = Kidnapping unravels a spy's career | newspaper = Washington Post | author = Ian Shapira | date = 2012-07-12 | access-date = 2013-07-29 | archive-date = 2013-07-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729145728/http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/kidnapping-unravels-a-spys-career/2012/07/11/gJQAJreAeW_print.html | url-status=live | quote = At 56, Sabrina De Sousa's life has come to be defined by a landmark criminal case that has been playing out in Italy for much of the past decade, ever since prosecutors began investigating the disappearance of an Egyptian cleric, Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr, known as Abu Omar. }} </ref> <ref name=Firedoglake2013-07-27> {{cite news | url = http://dissenter.firedoglake.com/2013/07/27/former-cia-officer-whistleblower-sabrina-de-sousa-the-proper-channels-myth/ | title = Former CIA Officer & Whistleblower Sabrina De Sousa & the 'Proper Channels' Myth | publisher = Firedoglake | author = Kevin Gosztola | date = 2013-07-27 | access-date = 2013-07-29 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730222656/http://dissenter.firedoglake.com/2013/07/27/former-cia-officer-whistleblower-sabrina-de-sousa-the-proper-channels-myth/ | url-status=live | quote = A major news story by Jonathan Landay of McClatchy features the first public comments from Sabrina De Sousa, a former CIA officer who has revealed details around the kidnapping of radical Islamist cleric Abu Omar in Italy in 2003. }} </ref>  <ref name=Gawker2013-01-31> {{cite news | url = http://gawker.com/5980589/a-discussion-with-accused-cia-agent-sabrina-de-sousa | title = A Discussion with Accused CIA Agent Sabrina De Sousa | publisher = Gawker | author = Adrian Chen | date = 2013-01-31 | access-date = 2013-07-29 | archive-date = 2016-03-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160323070002/http://gawker.com/5980589/a-discussion-with-accused-cia-agent-sabrina-de-sousa | url-status=live | quote = However, she is unequivocal in asserting that she had no connection to Abu Omar's kidnapping. De Sousa didn't know Omar was being kidnapped that day in 2003, she says, and was on a ski trip in the Alps with her kids at the moment of the kidnapping. "This is a bit of scapegoatery" for an embarrassing and illegal CIA operation gone wrong, De Sousa says. }} </ref> <ref name=McClatchy2013-07-27> {{cite news | url = http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/07/27/197823/us-allowed-italian-kidnap-prosecution.html | title = U.S. allowed Italian kidnap prosecution to shield higher-ups, ex-CIA officer says | publisher = McClatchy News Service | author = Jonathon S. Landay | date = 2013-07-27 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730013721/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/07/27/197823/us-allowed-italian-kidnap-prosecution.html | url-status=live }} </ref> }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sousa, Sabrina de}} Category:1950s births Category:American diplomats Category:American people convicted of kidnapping Category:American people convicted of war crimes Category:American people of Portuguese descent Category:Fugitives wanted by Italy Category:Fugitives wanted on kidnapping charges Category:Indian emigrants to the United States Category:Living people Category:CIA agents convicted of crimes Category:Portuguese people of Indian descent Category:People convicted in absentia Category:Recipients of Italian presidential pardons Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:American people of Goan descent