Sabinada

{{Short description|Revolt in Brazil}} {{Multiple issues| {{more citations needed|date=March 2015}} {{unreliable sources|date=March 2015}} }} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Sabinada | date = 6 November 1837 – 16 March 1838 | place = Bahia Province, Empire of Brazil | result = Government victory; reincorporation of Bahia into Brazil. | combatant1 = {{flag|Empire of Brazil}} | combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Sabinada.svg}} Bahia Republic | commander1 = {{plainlist | * Viscount of Inhaúma * Francisco de Sousa Paraíso }} | commander2 = {{plainlist | * Francisco Sabino * Daniel Gomes de Freitas * João Carneiro da Silva Rego }} }}

The '''Sabinada''' (1837–1838) was a revolt by military officer Francisco Sabino that occurred in Brazil's Bahia province between 6 November 1837 and 16 March 1838. The rebels proposed the existence of a Bahian Republic of a transitory nature until Emperor Dom Pedro II reached the age of majority.<ref name="hist">{{cite book|title=HISTÓRIA - História Integrada |volume=4|last=ARRUDA, ALVES DA SILVA, DE MOURA RAMOS, TURIN|first=José Jobson, Francisco, Ciro e Eva|editor=Objetivo|year=2014|place=São Paulo|pages=23|language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name="souza">SOUZA, Paulo César. A Sabinada. A revolta separatista da Bahia. São Paulo: Cia das Letras, 2009.</ref> Calling for the abolition of slavery and the redistribution of land, they fought against the government for one year until their capital of Salvador was conquered.

== History == thumb|left|Map of the main revolutions that occurred in Brazil before 1840. Brazil's Bahia state had a history of rebellions, starting with the conquest of Bahia in 1798, Bahia's resistance to Brazil following the Brazilian War of Independence in 1822–1823, the {{ill|Federation of Guanais|pt|Federação do Guanais}} in 1832, and the 1835 Malê Revolt. After the 1837 resignation of regent Diogo Antônio Feijó of the Empire of Brazil, military officer Francisco Sabino rose up in rebellion, calling for the abolition of slavery and the redistribution of land. The rebel forces were mostly disenfranchised lower-class people and escaped slaves from the southern provinces.<ref>{{cite web|last1=|first1=|title=War of the Farrapos|url=https://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1800s/yr30/fbrazil1835b.htm|website=OnWar|accessdate=5 April 2018}}</ref> However, the rebels received support from the knowledge of traitorous generals that shared their knowledge of the southern province's geography to the cause.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zalla |first1=Jocelito |last2=Menegat |first2=Carla |title=História e memória da Revolução Farroupilha: breve genealogia do mito |journal=Revista Brasileira de História |date=December 2011 |volume=31 |issue=62 |pages=49–70 |doi=10.1590/S0102-01882011000200005 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The Brazilian government dispatched forces to subdue the Sabinada revolt, but many of the loyalist troops deserted to join the rebels. The rebels took over the regional capital of Salvador, but they found little support, even from the slaves. In March 1838, Salvador was blockaded and besieged by the government, and about 1,000 people perished in the fighting. Some leaders were executed, some were exiled to remote places like Mato Grosso, and some managed to escape and fight in the Ragamuffin War for the Riograndense Republic.

== References == {{Reflist}} Category:Abolitionism in Brazil Category:Civil wars involving the states and peoples of South America Category:Civil wars of the 19th century Category:Rebellions in Brazil Category:19th-century rebellions Category:Wars involving Brazil Category:Rebellions in South America Category:Separatist rebellion-based civil wars Category:Separatism in Brazil Category:1837 in Brazil Category:1838 in Brazil Category:Conflicts in 1837 Category:Conflicts in 1838