{{Short description|United States Navy midget submarine}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image=X-1 Submarine, sea trial (undated).jpg |image_caption=X-1 }}
|section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header= |country=United States |flag= {{shipboxflag|United States|naval}} |name=USS ''X-1'' |namesake= |ordered= |builder=Fairchild Aircraft, East Farmingdale Long Island, New York |laid_down=8 June 1954 |launched=7 September 1955 |acquired= |commissioned=(never commissioned) |in_service=7 October 1955 |out_of_service=2 December 1957 }}
|section3={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header=yes |in_service=December 1960 |out_of_service=16 February 1973 |struck= |renamed= |reclassified= |homeport= |motto= |nickname= |honors= |fate=Museum ship |status= |notes= }}
|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption= |type= Midget submarine |displacement=*{{convert|36.3|LT|t|0|lk=in|abbr=on}} submerged *{{convert|31.5|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} surfaced |length= {{convert|49|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} |beam= {{convert|7|ft|m|abbr=on}} |draft= {{convert|6|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on}} |depth= |hold_depth= |propulsion=*Hydrogen peroxide/diesel engine and battery system *Converted to diesel-electric drive after May 1957 |speed= |range= |test_depth= |complement=10 |armament=None |armor= |notes= }} }}
'''''X-1''''' (or '''SS X-1''')<ref>{{cite web|title=SS X-1|url=http://www.hnsa.org/ships/x1.htm|publisher=Historic Naval Ships Association|access-date=24 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818031654/http://www.hnsa.org/ships/x1.htm|archive-date=18 August 2013}}</ref> was a United States Navy Midget Submarine designed under project SCB 65. Laid down on 8 June 1954, at Deer Park, Long Island, New York, by the Engine Division of Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation. Launched on 7 September 1955, at Oyster Bay, Long Island, by Jakobson Shipyard. Delivered to the Navy on 6 October at New London, Connecticut and placed in service on 7 October 1955 with Lieutenant Kevin Hanlon in command.
==Service history== ''X-1'' served in a research capacity in rigorous and extensive tests to assist the Navy to evaluate its ability to defend harbors against very small submarines. Further tests conducted with the ''X-1'' helped to determine the offensive capabilities and limitations of this type of submersible.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=u-EDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA124 "Navy Tests First Midget Submarine As Close In Weapon.] ''Popular Mechanics'', February 1956, p. 124, bottom of page.</ref>
''X-1'' was originally powered by a hydrogen peroxide/diesel engine and battery system, but an explosion of her hydrogen peroxide supply on 20 May 1957 resulted in the craft's modification to accept a diesel-electric drive.<ref name=Parken /> On 2 December 1957, ''X-1'' was taken out of service and deactivated at Philadelphia.<ref name=Parken>{{cite news |last=Parken|first=Oliver |date=26 April 2023 |title=The Navy Procured This Midget Submarine For Coastal Defense During The Cold War |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/the-navy-procured-this-midget-submarine-for-coastal-defense-during-the-cold-war |work=The Drive |access-date=30 April 2023 }}</ref>
Towed to Annapolis, Maryland, in December 1960, ''X-1'' was reactivated and attached to Submarine Squadron 6 and based at the Small Craft Facility of the Severn River Command for experimental duties in Chesapeake Bay. In tests conducted under the auspices of the Naval Research Laboratory, ''X-1'' performed for scientists who observed her operations from a platform suspended beneath the Bay Bridge, to learn more about the properties and actions of sea water.
Having been in active service through January 1973, ''X-1'' was again taken out of service on 16 February 1973. On 26 April 1973, she was transferred to the Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Annapolis. On 9 July 1974, she was slated for use as a historical exhibit. She was later displayed on the grounds of the Naval Station complex, North Severn, near Annapolis. In 2001, ''X-1'' was transferred to the Submarine Force Museum, in Groton, Connecticut, where she is on display before the main exhibit building.
<gallery mode=packed heights=180> File:SS X-1 Midget Submarine.jpg|X-1 Midget Submarine on display at the Submarine Force Library and Museum File:SS X-1 Midget Submarine (rear).jpg|The stern section of X-1 </gallery>
==Toy Version== The Lionel 3330 "Commando" submarine is based on the X-1's design. [https://www.tandem-associates.com/lionel/lionel_trains_3330_flat_car.htm LIONEL TRAINS 3330]
==References== * {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/x/x-1.html}} {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{commons category}} * [http://www.ussnautilus.org Submarine Force Museum] * {{hnsa|ss-x-1}} {{coord|41.387616|-72.087323|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:X-1 (United States)}} Category:Submarines of the United States Navy Category:Midget submarines Category:1955 ships Category:Museum ships in Connecticut Category:Submarine museums in the United States