SS Malolo

{{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image = Home Lines SS Queen Frederica in Halifax Harbour 1962.jpg |image_size = |image_caption = ''Queen Frederica'', formerly ''Malolo'', in Halifax Harbour, 1962 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header = |country = |flag = |name = SS ''Malolo'' |namesake = |owner = *Matson Navigation Company (1927–1948) *Home Lines (1948–1965) *Chandris Lines (1965–1977) |operator = |registry = |route = |ordered = |awarded = |builder = William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia |original_cost = |yard_number = 509 |way_number = |laid_down = 1925 |launched = 26 June 1926 |sponsor = |christened = 26 June 1926 |completed = May 1927 |acquired = |maiden_voyage = 16 November 1927 |in_service = |out_of_service = |renamed = *''Matsonia'', 1937 *''Atlantic'', 1948 *''Queen Frederica'', January 1955 |refit = |homeport = |identification = * {{IMO Number|5376997}} |nickname = |fate = *Laid up, November 1973 *Sold for scrapping in Eleusina, Greece, July 1977 |notes = |badge = }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header = |header_caption = |class = |type = |tonnage = {{GRT|17,226|disp=long}} (1927) |displacement = |length = {{convert|582|ft|m|abbr=on}} |beam = {{convert|83|ft|m|abbr=on}} |height = |draught = {{convert|30|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}} |depth = |hold_depth = |decks = *5 (1926–1936) <ref name="CabinPlan">{{Cite web |url=http://ssmaritime.com/matson-mariposa-monterey-3.htm |title=SS Monterey & Mariposa Cabin Plan |first=Reuben |last=Goossens |date=January 9, 2007 |publisher=ssmaritime.com |access-date=May 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625235802/http://ssmaritime.com/matson-mariposa-monterey-3.htm |archive-date=June 25, 2022 }}</ref> *7 (1937–1977) <ref name="CabinPlan2">{{Cite web |url=http://ssmaritime.com/malolo-matsonia.htm |title=Matson Lines: SS Malolo, Matsonia, Home Lines: Atlantic, Chandris: Queen Frederica |first=Reuben |last=Goossens |date=January 9, 2007 |publisher=ssmaritime.com |access-date=June 17, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904125737/http://www.ssmaritime.com/malolo-matsonia.htm |archive-date=September 4, 2023 }}</ref> |power = |propulsion = |speed = *{{convert|21|kn|lk=in}} service *{{convert|23|kn}} maximum |range = |capacity = 620 passengers (457 first class, 163 cabin class) |crew = |notes = }} }}

'''SS ''Malolo''''' (later known as ''Matsonia'', ''Atlantic'', and ''Queen Frederica'') was a passenger liner, later cruise ship, built by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, in 1926 for the Matson Line. The largest and most luxurious American passenger ship of her era,{{sfn|Heinrich|1997|p=211}} she was the first of a number of ships designed by William Francis Gibbs for the Matson line, which did much to develop tourism in the Hawaiian Islands. ''Malolo'' (flying fish) was built for the first-class luxury service between San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Honolulu. ''Malolo'' and other Matson liners advertised superb public rooms, spacious cabins, swimming pools, a gymnasium, and a staff, including a hairdresser, to provide a high standard of service.<ref>Great Luxury Liners 1927–1954, A Photographic Record by William H. Miller, Jr.</ref>

==''Malolo''== ''Malolo'' introduced improved safety standards, which influenced all subsequent American passenger liners. On 25 May 1927 while on her sea trials in the western Atlantic, she collided with SS ''Jacob Christensen'', a Norwegian freighter, with an impact equal to that when {{RMS|Titanic||2}} struck an iceberg and sank 15 years earlier. ''Malolo''{{'}}s advanced watertight compartments allowed her to stay afloat and sail into New York Harbor flooded with over 7,000 tons of sea water in her hull.<ref>Brayard, ''By Their Works Ye Shall Know Them'', 35–41.</ref>

On 27 October 1927, U.S. Navy Rear Admiral William S. Benson praised the design of the vessel, stating that she was thoroughly protected against submarines and torpedoes by the new arrangement of subdivision in her hull.

:"Money spent on vessels of this class would not be idle during peace, and the ships would be valuable in time of war," said the admiral, who was chief of naval operations during the Great War.

Admiral Benson stated that he had been informed by marine engineering experts that the ramming incident suffered during her sea trials would have sunk almost any other merchant vessel. The officer accompanied ''Malolo'' from New York City as far as San Francisco on her maiden voyage to Honolulu. The 240 passengers aboard for her departure from the East Coast included Governor W. R. Farrington of Hawaii, and officials of the Matson Line including William P. Roth, president.<ref>Associated Press, "Admiral Gives Praise To New Hawaiian Ship - Benson Declares Merchant Vessel Is Suitable For War Uses," ''The San Bernardino Daily Sun'', San Bernardino, California, Friday 28 October 1927, Volume LXI, Number 58, page 1.</ref>

==''Matsonia''== In 1937, Matson docked ''Malolo'' for a major refit. The lifeboats were moved two decks higher and the deck they vacated was enclosed to create additional berths, including new "Lanai Suites". Existing cabins were greatly upgraded; the ship changed from a combination of 457 first-class and 163 cabin-class accommodations to 693 first-class-only. The transformed ship was rechristened ''Matsonia''.<ref name="CabinPlan2"/>

===Wartime service=== From early 1942 through April 1946, ''Matsonia'' was operated as a troop ship by the Matson Company as agent for the War Shipping Administration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-civil/civsh-m/malolo.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225224852/http://history.navy.mil/photos/sh-civil/civsh-m/malolo.htm |archive-date=December 25, 2004 |title=S.S. ''Malolo'' (American Passenger Liner, 1927) |author=Naval History & Heritage Command |publisher=Naval History & Heritage Command |access-date=26 May 2014}}</ref>

With her duties as a troop ship completed in April 1946, she returned to commercial duties between San Francisco and Honolulu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/OnlineLibrary/photos/sh-civil/civsh-m/malolo.htm|title=Civilian Ships--Malolo (Passenger Liner, 1927)}}</ref> She made her final trip for the Matson Line in April 1948. When she arrived in Los Angeles Harbor from Hawaii, 238 passengers disembarked, with 126 arriving at her final port of call in San Francisco on April 20. "Capt. William R. Meyer, Matsonia master, signed the last entry in her log - "finished with engines" - and turned the record over to Hugh Gallagher, operations vice president of the line."<ref>Associated Press, "Luxury Liner Matsonia Makes Final Voyage," ''The San Bernardino Daily Sun'', San Bernardino, California, Wednesday 21 April 1948, Volume LIV, Number 201, page 1.</ref>

==''Atlantic'' and ''Queen Frederica''== thumb|224x224px|''Queen Frederica'' After retirement by the Matson Line, she was sold to Home Lines, which renamed her ''Atlantic'' and later ''Queen Frederica'' (after Queen Frederica of Greece) before being sold to Chandris Lines. After 50 years of service for several different companies, she was sold to Greek breakers in July 1977 and was towed to the breaker's yards at Eleusina, Greece. In February 1978 while her interiors were being demolished, she was gutted by fire and work was temporarily halted. Three years later, her remaining hull sections could still be seen among other ships at the breaker's yard.<ref name="ssmaritime">{{cite web |url=http://www.ssmaritime.com/malolo-matsonia.htm |title=Matson Lines: SS Malolo, Matsonia, Home Lines: Atlantic, Chandris: Queen Frederica |publisher=www.ssmaritime.com |access-date=2007-06-17}}</ref>

== Footnotes == {{Reflist}} ==References== {{cite book |last1=Heinrich |first1=Thomas R. |title=Ships for the Seven Seas: Philadelphia Shipbuilding in the Age of Industrial Capitalism |date=1997 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, MD |isbn=0-8018-5387-7 |page=211}}

==External links== * [http://www.ssmaritime.com/malolo-matsonia.htm Malolo – Matsonia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041225224852/http://history.navy.mil/photos/sh-civil/civsh-m/malolo.htm S.S. Malolo (American Passenger Liner, 1927)] (Naval History & Heritage Command feature page)

Category:Passenger ships of the United States Category:Ships built by William Cramp & Sons Category:1926 ships Category:Cruise ships of Greece Category:Cruise ships of the United States Category:Ocean liners Category:Troop ships of the War Shipping Administration