{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Steroid Receptor Associated and Regulated Protein (SRARP)''' in humans is a protein encoded by a gene of the same name with two exons that is located on chromosome 1p36.13.<ref>{{cite web |title=SRARP |url=https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:28339 |website=HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SRARP steroid receptor associated and regulated protein [ Homo sapiens (human) ] |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=149563 |website=NCBI |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> SRARP contains 169 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 17,657 Da.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steroid receptor-associated and regulated protein |url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8NEQ6#sequences |website=UniProt |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref>
== Expression and function in breast cancer == SRARP is co-expressed with the estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Su D, Fu X, Fan S, Wu X, Wang XX, Fu L, Dong XY, Ni JJ, Fu L, Zhu Z, Dong JT | display-authors = 6 | title = Role of ERRF, a novel ER-related nuclear factor, in the growth control of ER-positive human breast cancer cells | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 180 | issue = 3 | pages = 1189–1201 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22341523 | pmc = 3349889 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.025 }}</ref><ref name="C1orf64">{{cite journal | vauthors = Naderi A | title = C1orf64 is a novel androgen receptor target gene and coregulator that interacts with 14-3-3 protein in breast cancer | journal = Oncotarget | volume = 8 | issue = 34 | pages = 57907–57933 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28915724 | pmc = 5593696 | doi = 10.18632/oncotarget.17826 }}</ref> In the ER-positive breast cancer cells, SRARP is involved in the transcriptional activities of ER and has shown an interaction with ER using the transient transfection of cells with SRARP and ER constructs.<ref name="ERRF">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo A, Su D, Zhang X, Qi L, Fu L, Dong JT | title = Estrogen-estrogen receptor signaling suppresses the transcription of ERRF in breast cancer cells | journal = Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao | volume = 43 | issue = 9 | pages = 565–567 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 27599921 | doi = 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.06.003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo A, Zhang X | title = ERRF is essential for Estrogen-Estrogen Receptor alpha signaling pathway in ER positive breast cancer cells | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 474 | issue = 2 | pages = 400–405 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 27125460 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.132 }}</ref> In addition, in AR+ breast cancer cells, SRARP interacts with the endogenous AR protein and acts as a transcriptional corepressor of AR.<ref name="C1orf64"/> Furthermore, the activation of either AR or ER negatively regulates SRARP expression in breast cancer cells.<ref name="C1orf64"/><ref name="ERRF"/>
== Tumor suppressor function in malignancies == SRARP and HSPB7<ref>{{cite web | title = Symbol report for HSPB7 | url = https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/5249 | work = HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) }}</ref> are gene pairs that are positioned 5 kb apart on chromosome 1p36.13.<ref name="SRARP">{{cite journal | vauthors = Naderi A | title = SRARP and HSPB7 are epigenetically regulated gene pairs that function as tumor suppressors and predict clinical outcome in malignancies | journal = Molecular Oncology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 724–755 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29577611 | pmc = 5928383 | doi = 10.1002/1878-0261.12195 }}</ref> It is notable that the loss of chromosome 1p36.1 is common in malignancies, occurring in 34% of tumors<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Henrich KO, Schwab M, Westermann F | title = 1p36 tumor suppression--a matter of dosage? | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 72 | issue = 23 | pages = 6079–88 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23172308 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2230 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Knuutila S, Aalto Y, Autio K, Björkqvist AM, El-Rifai W, Hemmer S, Huhta T, Kettunen E, Kiuru-Kuhlefelt S, Larramendy ML, Lushnikova T, Monni O, Pere H, Tapper J, Tarkkanen M, Varis A, Wasenius VM, Wolf M, Zhu Y | display-authors = 6 | title = DNA copy number losses in human neoplasms | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 155 | issue = 3 | pages = 683–94 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10487825 | pmc = 1866903 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65166-8 }}</ref> SRARP and HSPB7 are broadly inactivated in malignancies by epigenetic silencing, copy-number loss, and less frequently by somatic mutations.<ref name="SRARP"/> In addition, overexpression of SRARP or HSPB7 leads to tumor suppressor effects in cancer cell lines.<ref name="SRARP"/> Another similar molecular feature between SRARP and HSPB7 is the fact that both of these proteins interact with the 14-3-3 protein.<ref name="C1orf64"/><ref name="SRARP"/> Furthermore, SRARP is a potential cancer biomarker and SRARP inactivation predicts poor clinical outcome in malignancies and adjacent normal tissues using the analysis of large genomic datasets<ref name="SRARP"/>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Approved Symbol !! SRARP |- | Approved Name || Steroid Receptor Associated and Regulated Protein |- | HGNC ID || [https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:28339 HGNC:28339] |- | Previous Symbol || C1orf64 |- | Alias Symbols || MGC24047, ERRF |- | Chromosome location || 1p36.13 |- | Ensembl || [https://asia.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000183888;r=1:16004236-16008807;t=ENST00000329454 ENSG00000183888] |- | UniProt || [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8NEQ6 Q8NEQ6] |- | NCBI Gene || [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/149563 149563] |- | RefSeq || [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_178840 NM_178840 ] |- | UCSC || [http://genome.cse.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?org=Human&hgg_chrom=none&hgg_type=knownGene&hgg_gene=uc001axn.4 uc001axn.4] |- | Protein Sequence|| [https://asia.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Transcript/Sequence_Protein?db=core;g=ENSG00000183888;r=1:16004236-16008807;t=ENST00000329454 SRARP Protein Sequence (Ensembl)] |- | Wikidata || [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21105563 Q21105563] |- | PubMed || [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?linkname=gene_pubmed&from_uid=149563 SRARP PubMed References] |}
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== References == {{Reflist}}
Category:Proteins