{{Short description|Radial piston aircraft engine}} {{infobox aero engine | name = SNECMA 14R | image = File:Gnome et Rhône 14R 04-05 - Musée Safran 07.jpg | caption = |engine_type=14 cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine |manufacturer=Gnome-Rhône / SNECMA |national_origin=France |first_run= |major_applications= Breguet Br 500 Colmar |number_built = |developed_from =Gnome-Rhône 14N |variants_with_their_own_articles = |developed_into = }} The '''SNECMA 14R''' was a 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial engine developed in France just prior to the start of World War II from the Gnome-Rhône 14N. The '''14N''' radial engine was itself an improved version of the popular pre-war Gnome-Rhône 14K ''Mistral Major'' series; designed and manufactured by Gnome et Rhône, a major French aircraft engine manufacturer whose origins pre-date the First World War.
The improved '''14R''' was initially known as the Gnome-Rhône 14P and then the '''Gnome-Rhône 14R'''. There were several improvements such as the introduction of a longer crankshaft and crankcase with a centre bearing, an increase in cylinder capacity, and a two-speed compressor. These changes allowed the engine to deliver 1,400hp at take-off and 1,300hp at 1,500m (1st gear) and 1200hp at 4000m (2nd gear). This came at the cost of a much increased total weight. It was expected that further development, such as the introduction of higher grade fuels, would lead to a power output of 1,660hp at low altitude.
With the Fall of France, engine development was stopped under the occupation. After the war, development recommenced; however production of this engine after 1945 was transferred to the newly formed SNECMA and the engine was renamed the SNECMA 14R.
==Variants== ;14R-04:Improved higher performance using 92 Octane fuel. 14N with 2-speed supercharge (6.5:1 and 9:1), LH rotation, {{convert|1590|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} for take-off. ;14R-05:RH rotation version of 14R-4. ;14R-08:RPM increased from 2,400 to 2,600 improving power output. LH rotation. ;14R-09:RH rotation version of 14R-08 ;14R-24:LH rotation, {{convert|1600|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}}. ;14R-25:RH rotation version of 14R-24. ;14R-26:LH rotation, {{convert|1600|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}}. ;14R-27:RH rotation version of 14R-26. ;14R-28:LH rotation, {{convert|1600|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}}. ;14R-29:RH rotation version of 14R-28. ;14R-32:LH rotation ;14R-100: ;14R-200:LH rotation ;14R-201:RH rotation ;14R-210: ;28T-1:28 cylinder, double 14R-24 engines placed back-to-back with co-axial contra-rotating propeller shafts, direct fuel injection, 2-speed supercharger, {{convert|77.4|L|cuin|abbr=on}} displacement, delivering {{convert|3200|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} for take-off using 100/130 octane fuel.<ref name=Wilkinson46>{{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Paul H. |title=Aircraft engines of the World 1946 |year=1946 |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. |location=London |edition=4th}}</ref>
==Applications== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em|}} * Sud-Est SE.200 Amphitrite * SNCASE SE-1010 * Nord Noroit - only the prototypes had the Gnome-Rhône 14R * Nord 1500 Noréclair * Nord Noratlas - only the prototype had the Gnome-Rhône 14R * SNCAC NC.211 Cormoran
==Specifications (14R-04)== {{pistonspecs| <!-- If you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft --> <!-- Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If data are missing, leave the parameter blank (do not delete it). For additional lines, end your alt units with ) and start a new, fully formatted line with * --> |ref=<ref name=Wilkinson>{{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Paul H. |title=Aircraft engines of the World 1945 |year=1945 |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. |location=London |edition=3rd}}</ref> |type=14 cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine |bore={{convert|146|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} |stroke={{convert|165|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} |displacement={{convert|38.7|L|cuin|abbr=on|2}} |length={{convert|1635|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} |diameter={{convert|1297|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} |width= |height= |weight={{convert|819|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |valvetrain=Single inlet and exhaust valves operated by rockers and pushrods |supercharger=Gear-driven 2-speed supercharger at 6.5:1 and 9.0:1 ratios |turbocharger= |fuelsystem=1x Bronzavia updraught carburettor with automatic boost and altitude control |fueltype=92 Octane gasoline |oilsystem=Pressure fed at {{convert|70|psi|kPa|abbr=on|disp=flip}} |coolingsystem=Air-cooled with baffles |power=<br /> *'''Take-off:'''{{convert|1590|hp|kW|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm at {{convert|1180|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} Hg boost with 100 octane fuel **'''Military, low:'''{{convert|1660|hp|kW|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm at {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}} **'''Military, high:'''{{convert|1580|hp|kW|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm at {{convert|5500|m|ft|abbr=on}} **'''Normal, low:'''{{convert|1320|hp|kW|abbr=on}} at 2,400 rpm at {{convert|2100|m|ft|abbr=on}} **'''Normal, high:'''{{convert|1230|hp|kW|abbr=on}} at 2,400 rpm at {{convert|6000|m|ft|abbr=on}} |specpower= 31.85 kW/L (0.7 hp/cu.in) |compression=6.8:1 |fuelcon= |specfuelcon= 0.292 kg/kW/hr (0.48 lb/hp/hr) |oilcon= 0.0067 kg/kW/hr (0.011 lb/hp/hr) |power/weight= 1.494 kW/kg (0.909• hp/lb) *'''B.M.E.P.:''' {{convert|213|psi|kPa|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
|designer= |reduction_gear=Planetary / epicyclic bevel reduction gearing at 0.67:1 ratio
|general_other='''Frontal Area:''' {{convert|1.33|m2|sqft|abbr=on|1}} |components_other='''Starter:''' Air equipment electric inertia starter * '''Ignition:''' 2 x R.B. magnetos, 2 x {{convert|18|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} short reach spark plugs per cylinder fed by a shielded ignition harness. |performance_other=14R-05 propeller rotates in opposite direction }}
==See also== {{aircontent <!-- other related articles that have not already linked: --> |see also=
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==References== {{Commons category|Gnome et Rhône 14R}} {{reflist}}
{{Gnome-Rhône aeroengines}} {{Snecma aeroengines}}
Category:1930s aircraft piston engines Category:Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines 14R 14R Category:14-cylinder engines