SM U-69

{{Short description|German Imperial Navy's Type U 66 submarine}} {{other ships|German submarine U-69}} {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image= |image_caption= }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header= |country=German Empire |flag={{Shipboxflag|German Empire|naval}} |name=''U-69'' |ordered=2 February 1913 |builder=Germaniawerft, Kiel<ref name=Con-177>Gardiner, p. 177.</ref> |yard_number=206<ref name=U-69>{{cite Uboat.net |name=U 69 |id=69 |type=1sub |access-date=9 December 2008 }}</ref> |laid_down=7 February 1914, as ''U-10'' (Austria-Hungary)<ref name=U-69 /> |launched= 24 June 1915<ref name=U-69 /> |commissioned=4 September 1915<ref name=U-69 /> |fate=Missing after 11 July 1917 (crew presumed dead) }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |header_caption={{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=10}} |class=Type U 66 submarine |displacement=*{{convert|791|t|LT|abbr=on|lk=on}} surfaced *{{convert|933|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged |length=*{{convert|69.50|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (o/a) *{{convert|54.66|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (pressure hull) |beam=*{{convert|6.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (o/a) *{{convert|4.15|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (pressure hull) |draft={{convert|3.79|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |height={{convert|7.95|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |propulsion=*1 × shaft *2 × Germania 6-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines, {{convert|2300|PS|shp kW|abbr=on|lk=in}} total *2 × Pichler & Co. double-acting electric motors, {{convert|1240|PS|shp kW|abbr=on}} total |speed=*{{convert|16.8|kn|lk=in}} surfaced *{{convert|10.3|kn}} submerged |range=*{{convert|7,370|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|8|kn}} surfaced *{{convert|115|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged |test_depth={{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}} |complement=4 officers, 32 enlisted men |armament=*5 × {{convert|45|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) *12 torpedoes *1 × {{convert|8.8|cm|in|abbr=on}} SK L/30 deck gun, later replaced by {{convert|10.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} SK L/45 deck gun |notes= }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/service record |partof=*IV Flotilla *4 March 1916 – 23 July 1917 |commanders=*''Kptlt.'' Ernst Wilhelms<ref>{{cite Uboat.net |id=408 |name=Ernst Wilhelms (Royal House of Hohenzollern) |type=1comm |access-date=13 January 2015 }}</ref> *4 September 1915 – 23 July 1917 |operations=6 patrols |victories= *29 merchant ships sunk <br />({{GRT|89,266}}) *2 auxiliary warships sunk <br />({{GRT|13,609}}) *1 merchant ship damaged <br />({{GRT|1,648}}) }} }}

'''SM ''U-69''''' was a Type U 66 submarine or U-boat for the German Imperial Navy ({{langx|de|Kaiserliche Marine}}) during the First World War. She had been laid down in February 1914 as '''''U-10''''' the fourth boat of the ''U-7'' class for the Austro-Hungarian Navy ({{langx|de|Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine}} or {{lang|de|K.u.K. Kriegsmarine}}) but was sold to Germany, along with the others in her class, in November 1914.

The submarine was ordered as ''U-10'' from Germaniawerft of Kiel as the first of five boats of the ''U-7'' class for the Austro-Hungarian Navy. After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Navy became convinced that none of the submarines of the class could be delivered to the Adriatic via Gibraltar. As a consequence, the entire class, including ''U-10'', was sold to the German Imperial Navy in November 1914. Under German control, the class became known as the U 66 type and the boats were renumbered; ''U-10'' became ''U-69'', and all were redesigned and reconstructed to German specifications. ''U-69'' was launched in June 1915 and commissioned in September. As completed, she displaced {{convert|791|t|LT}}, surfaced, and {{convert|933|t|LT}}, submerged. The boat was {{convert|69.50|m|ft|0}} long and was armed with five torpedo tubes and a deck gun.

As a part of the 4th Flotilla, ''U-69'' sank 31 ships with a combined gross register tonnage of 102,875 in five war patrols. ''U-69'' left Emden on her sixth patrol on 9 July 1917 for operations off Ireland. On 11 July, ''U-69'' reported her position off Norway but neither she nor any of her crew were ever heard from again. British records say that ''U-69'' was sunk by destroyer {{HMS|Patriot|1916|6}} on 12 July, but a German postwar study cast doubt on this. ''U-69''{{'}}s fate is officially unknown.

== Design and construction == After the Austro-Hungarian Navy had competitively evaluated three foreign submarine designs, it selected the Germaniawerft 506d design, also known as the Type UD, for its new ''U-7'' class of five submarines.<ref name=Con-340>Gardiner, p. 340.</ref> The Navy ordered five boats on 1 February 1913.<ref name=Con-343>Gardiner, p. 343.</ref>

The ''U-7'' class was seen by the Austro-Hungarian Navy as an improved version of its ''U-3'' class, which was also a Germaniawerft design.<ref name=Con-343 /><ref group=Note>The ''U-3''-class submarines, however, were less than half the displacement and nearly {{convert|90|ft|m}} shorter than the ''U-7'' design. See: Gardiner, pp. 342–43.</ref> As designed for the Austro-Hungarian Navy, the boats were to displace {{convert|695|t|LT}} on the surface and {{convert|885|t|LT}} while submerged. The doubled-hulled boats were to be {{convert|69.50|m|ft|0}} long overall with a beam of {{convert|6.30|m|ft}} and a draft of {{convert|3.79|m|ft}}. The Austrian specifications called for two shafts with twin diesel engines ({{convert|2300|PS|bhp kW|lk=in|0}} total) for surface running at up to {{convert|17|kn}}, and twin electric motors ({{convert|1240|PS|shp kW|abbr=on|0}} total) for a maximum of {{convert|11|kn}} when submerged.<ref name=Con-343 /> The boats were designed with five {{convert|45|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes; four located in the bow, one in the stern. The boats' armament was to also include a single {{convert|6.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} deck gun.<ref name=Con-343 />

''U-10'' was laid down on 7 February 1914,<ref name=U-69 /> and her construction was slated to be complete within 29 to 33 months.<ref name=Con-343 />

Neither ''U-10'' nor any of her sister boats were complete when World War I began in August 1914.<ref name=allU66s>Guðmundur Helgason. [http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=66 WWI U-boats: U 66], [http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=67 WWI U-boats: U 67], [http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=68 WWI U-boats: U 68], [http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=69 WWI U-boats: U 69], [http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=70 WWI U-boats: U 70]. ''U-Boat War in World War I''. Uboat.net. Retrieved on 9 December 2008.</ref> With the boats under construction at Kiel, the Austrians became convinced that it would be impossible to take delivery of the boats, which would need to be towed into the Mediterranean past Gibraltar, a British territory.<ref name=Con-343 /><ref group=Note>The Austro-Hungarian Navy's Germaniawerft-built ''U-3'' class boats had been towed from Kiel to Pola via Gibraltar in 1909. See: Sieche, p. 19.</ref> As a result, ''U-10'' and her four sisters were sold to the Imperial German Navy on 28 November 1914.<ref name=Con-177 /><ref group=Note>In April 1915, just five months later, the German {{SMU|U-21|Germany|2}} successfully entered the Mediterranean through the Straits of Gibraltar, proving that delivery would have been possible after all. See: Gardiner, p. 343.</ref>

''U-10'' was renumbered by the Germans as ''U-69'' when her class was redesignated as the Type U 66. The Imperial German Navy had the submarines redesigned and reconstructed to German standards, which increased the surface displacement by {{convert|96|t|LT}} and the submerged by {{convert|48|t|LT}}. The torpedo load was increased by a third, from 9 to 12, and the deck gun was upgraded from the {{convert|6.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} gun originally specified to an {{convert|8.8|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} Uk L/30 one.<ref name=Con-177 />

== Service career == ''U-69'' was launched on 24 June 1915.<ref name=Con-177 /> On 4 September, SM ''U-69'' was commissioned into the Imperial German Navy under the command of Kapitänleutnant Ernst Wilhelms.<ref name=U-69 /> On 4 March 1916, ''U-69'' was assigned to the IV. ''U-Halbflotille''.<ref name=Tar-34>Tarrant, p. 34.</ref>

''U-69'' successfully completed five war patrols in which she sank 31 ships with a combined a total of {{GRT|102,875|disp=long}}. ''U-69''{{'}}s most successful month for number of ships sunk was April 1916, when she sank eight ships of 21,051 GRT in a span of six days. The month with the highest tonnage sunk was June 1917 when she sank five ships of 29,808 GRT in a nine-day span;<ref name=U69-ships>{{cite Uboat.net |name=U 69 |id=u69 |type=1boat |access-date=9 December 2008 }}</ref> nearly half of that total came from one ship, the 13,441 GRT British armed merchant cruiser {{SS|Avenger||2}} sunk on 14 June.<ref name=Avenger>{{cite Uboat.net |name=Avenger |id=577 |type=1ship |access-date=9 December 2008 }}</ref> ''Avenger'' had been patrolling off the Shetland Islands and was returning to Scapa Flow, when she was struck by a single torpedo on the port side. The ship began listing heavily and non-essential crew were evacuated while destroyers arrived and took her under tow. Despite strenuous efforts to save her, ''Avenger'' foundered ten hours after being hit when her internal bulkheads collapsed. One man was killed in the attack.<ref name=Hep-93>Hepper, p. 93.</ref>

''U-69'' began her sixth and final patrol on 9 July when she departed from Emden, destined for operations off Ireland. ''U-69''{{'}}s position report at 02:30 on 11 July reported that she was {{convert|35|nmi}} south of Lindesnes, Norway, and was the last known contact with ''U-69''. According to author Dwight Messimer, two British sources report that {{HMS|Patriot|1916|6}} sank ''U-69'' at position {{coord|60|25|N|1|32|E}} on 12 July. An observer in a kite balloon deployed by ''Patriot'' spotted a surfaced U-boat at 07:00. The U-boat submerged and ''Patriot'' hunted the submarine until noon, when it loosed two depth charges that brought thick brown oil to the surface. A postwar study by Germany cast doubt on whether or not the submarine attacked by ''Patriot'' was ''U-69''. Officially, her fate remains unknown.<ref name=Mess-88>Messimer, p. 88.</ref>

==Summary of raiding history== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! width="140px"|Date ! width="140px"|Name ! width="160px"|Nationality ! width="25px" |Tonnage<br />(GRT) ! width="160px"|Fate<ref name=U69-ships/> |- |align="right"|15 April 1916 |align="left" |''Fairport'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|3,838 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|15 April 1916 |align="left" |''Schwanden'' |align="left" |{{flag|Russian Empire}} |align="right"|844 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|16 April 1916 |align="left" |''Glendoon'' |align="left" |{{flag|Norway}} |align="right"|1,918 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|16 April 1916 |align="left" |''Harrovian'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|4,309 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|16 April 1916 |align="left" |''Papelera'' |align="left" |{{flag|Norway}} |align="right"|1,591 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|17 April 1916 |align="left" |''Ernest Reyer'' |align="left" |{{flag|France}} |align="right"|2,708 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|18 April 1916 |align="left" |''Ravenhill'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|1,826 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|20 April 1916 |align="left" |''Cairngowan'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|4,017 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|11 July 1916 |align="left" |HMT ''Era'' |align="left" |{{navy|United Kingdom}} |align="right"|168 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|20 October 1916 |align="left" |''Cabotia'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|4,309 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|24 October 1916 |align="left" |''Sola'' |align="left" |{{flag|Norway}} |align="right"|3,057 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|26 October 1916 |align="left" |''North Wales'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|4,072 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|26 October 1916 |align="left" |''Rappahannock'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|3,871 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|2 November 1916 |align="left" |''Spero'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|1,132 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|3 November 1916 |align="left" |''Bertha'' |align="left" |{{flag|Sweden}} |align="right"|591 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|20 April 1917 |align="left" |''Annapolis'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|4,567 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|25 April 1917 |align="left" |''Hesperides'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|3,393 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|26 April 1917 |align="left" |''Rio Lages'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|3,591 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|26 April 1917 |align="left" |''Vauxhall'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|3,629 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|1 May 1917 |align="left" |''Rockingham'' |align="left" |{{flag|United States|1912}} |align="right"|4,555 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|2 May 1917 |align="left" |''Troilus'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|7,625 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|29 May 1917 |align="left" |''Argo'' |align="left" |{{flag|Sweden}} |align="right"|123 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|29 May 1917 |align="left" |''Ines'' |align="left" |{{flag|Sweden}} |align="right"|261 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|29 May 1917 |align="left" |''Consul N. Nielsen'' |align="left" |{{flag|Denmark}} |align="right"|1,395 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|31 May 1917 |align="left" |''Esneh'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|3,247 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|3 June 1917 |align="left" |''Luisa'' |align="left" |{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}} |align="right"|1,648 |align="left" |Damaged |- |align="right"|6 June 1917 |align="left" |''Parthenia'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|5,160 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|8 June 1917 |align="left" |''Enidwen'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|3,594 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|8 June 1917 |align="left" |''Saragossa'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|3,541 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|13 June 1917 |align="left" |''Kelvinbank'' |align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} |align="right"|4,072 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|14 June 1917 |align="left" |''Avenger'' |align="left" |{{navy|United Kingdom}} |align="right"|13,441 |align="left" |Sunk |- |align="right"|24 July 1917 |align="left" |''Mikelis'' |align="left" |{{flag|Greece|old}} |align="right"|2,430 |align="left" |Sunk |}

== Notes == {{Reflist|group=Note}}

== References == {{Reflist}}

== Bibliography == {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book | editor1-last=Gardiner | editor1-first=Robert | editor2-last=Gray | editor2-first=Randal |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 | location = Annapolis, Maryland | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 1985 | isbn = 978-0-87021-907-8 | oclc = 12119866 }} *{{cite book |last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |series=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGröner1991 }} * {{cite book | last = Hepper | first = David |title= British Warship Losses in the Ironclad Era 1860–1919 | location = London | publisher = Chatham Publishing | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-86176-273-3 | oclc = 237129318 }} * {{cite book | last = Messimer | first = Dwight R. |title=Verschollen: World War I U-boat losses | location = Annapolis, Maryland | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-1-55750-475-3 | oclc = 231973419 }} * {{cite book | last = Sieche | first = Erwin F. | chapter = Austro-Hungarian Submarines |title=Warship, Volume 2 | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 1980 | isbn = 978-0-87021-976-4 | oclc = 233144055 }} * {{cite book | last = Tarrant | first = V. E. |title=The U-Boat Offensive: 1914–1945 | location = Annapolis, Maryland | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 1989 | isbn = 978-0-87021-764-7 | oclc = 20338385 }} *{{cite book |title=Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten. 5 Vols |last=Spindler |first=Arno |orig-date=1932 |year=1966|publisher= Mittler & Sohn. Vols. 4+5, dealing with 1917+18, are very hard to find: Guildhall Library, London, has them all, also Vol. 1-3 in an English translation: The submarine war against commerce|location=Berlin }} *{{cite book |title=Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1914-1918|last=Beesly |first=Patrick |year=1982 |publisher= H Hamilton |location=London |isbn=978-0-241-10864-2 }} *{{cite book |title=A Naval History of World War I|last=Halpern |first=Paul G. |year=1995 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-85728-498-0 }} *{{cite book |title=Die Unterseeboote der Kaiserlichen Marine |last=Roessler |first=Eberhard |year=1997 |publisher= Bernard & Graefe |location=Bonn |isbn=978-3-7637-5963-7 }} *{{cite book |title=Die U-Boote des Kaisers |last=Schroeder |first=Joachim |year=2002 |publisher= Bernard & Graefe |location=Bonn |isbn=978-3-7637-6235-4 }} *{{cite book |title=Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol I., The Fleet in Action|last=Koerver |first=Hans Joachim |year=2008 |publisher=LIS Reinisch |location=Steinbach |isbn=978-3-902433-76-3 }} *{{cite book |title=Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol II., The Fleet in Being|last=Koerver |first=Hans Joachim |year=2009 |publisher=LIS Reinisch |location=Steinbach |isbn=978-3-902433-77-0 }} {{Refend}}

==External links== *{{cite Uboat.net |id=69 |name=U 69 |type=1sub }} *[http://www.u54.suedholland-ferienhaus.de/html/s_m__u_54.html Photos of cruises of German submarine U-54 in 1916-1918.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20091130023342/http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PY/269/see-the-film-the_enchanted_circle A 44 min. German film from 1917 about a cruise of the German submarine U-35.] *[http://germannavalwarfare.info/indexbr.htm Room 40:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015003000/http://germannavalwarfare.info/indexbr.htm |date=2018-10-15 }} original documents, photos and maps about World War I German submarine warfare and British Room 40 Intelligence from The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, UK.

{{DEFAULTSORT:U0069 (1915)}} Category:German Type U 66 submarines Category:U-boats commissioned in 1915 Category:Maritime incidents in 1917 Category:U-boats sunk in 1917 Category:World War I submarines of Germany Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean Category:1915 ships Category:Ships built in Kiel Category:Missing U-boats of World War I