{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}}'''Shugoshin 1''' or '''Shugoshin-like 1''', is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SGO1'' gene.<ref name="UniProt">{{cite web |title=UniProt |url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q5FBB7/entry#names_and_taxonomy |website=www.uniprot.org |access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="pmid12747765">{{cite journal | vauthors = Scanlan MJ, Gout I, Gordon CM, Williamson B, Stockert E, Gure AO, Jäger D, Chen YT, Mackay A, O'Hare MJ, Old LJ | title = Humoral immunity to human breast cancer: antigen definition and quantitative analysis of mRNA expression | journal = Cancer Immunity | volume = 1 | pages = 4 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 12747765 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SGOL1 shugoshin-like 1 (S. pombe)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=151648}}</ref>
== Mechanisms ==
A physical mechanism that guarantees the accurate segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis arises from the ring shaped cohesin complex consisting of 4 subunits (SMC1A/B, SMC3, SCC1, and SA1/2 in humans). This complex encircles the two sister chromatids and resists the pulling force of microtubules.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nasmyth K, Haering CH | title = Cohesin: its roles and mechanisms | journal = Annual Review of Genetics | year = 2009 | volume = 43 | pages = 525–58 | pmid = 19886810 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134233 }}</ref> The characteristic X-shape chromosomes are formed due to the centromeric cohesin protected by Shugoshin-PP2A complex.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kitajima TS, Sakuno T, Ishiguro K, Iemura S, Natsume T, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y | title = Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin | journal = Nature | volume = 441 | issue = 7089 | pages = 46–52 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16541025 | doi = 10.1038/nature04663 | bibcode = 2006Natur.441...46K | s2cid = 4425074 }}</ref>
Kinetochore localization of Sgo1-PP2A is dependent upon phosphorylation on histone H2A of nucleosome, which is the important substrate of spindle checkpoint kinase BUB1.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kawashima SA, Yamagishi Y, Honda T, Ishiguro K, Watanabe Y | title = Phosphorylation of H2A by Bub1 prevents chromosomal instability through localizing shugoshin | journal = Science | volume = 327 | issue = 5962 | pages = 172–7 | date = Jan 2010 | pmid = 19965387 | doi = 10.1126/science.1180189 | bibcode = 2010Sci...327..172K | s2cid = 41673818 }}</ref> Centromeric cohesin and H2A-pT120 specify two distinct pools of Sgo1-PP2A at inner centromeres and kinetochores respectively,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu H, Jia L, Yu H | title = Phospho-H2A and cohesin specify distinct tension-regulated Sgo1 pools at kinetochores and inner centromeres | journal = Current Biology | volume = 23 | issue = 19 | pages = 1927–33 | date = Oct 2013 | pmid = 24055156 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.078 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2013CBio...23.1927L }}</ref> while the CDK1/cyclin B phosphorylation on Sgo1 is essential for Sgo1-PP2A to protect centromeric cohesin, not only for bringing PP2A to cohesin,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu H, Rankin S, Yu H | title = Phosphorylation-enabled binding of SGO1-PP2A to cohesin protects sororin and centromeric cohesion during mitosis | journal = Nature Cell Biology | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 40–9 | date = Jan 2013 | pmid = 23242214 | doi = 10.1038/ncb2637 | pmc=3531828}}</ref> but also physically shield out the negative regulator WAPAL from cohesin.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hara K, Zheng G, Qu Q, Liu H, Ouyang Z, Chen Z, Tomchick DR, Yu H | title = Structure of cohesin subcomplex pinpoints direct shugoshin-Wapl antagonism in centromeric cohesion | journal = Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 10 | pages = 864–70 | date = Oct 2014 | pmid = 25173175 | doi = 10.1038/nsmb.2880 | pmc=4190070}}</ref>
== References == {{reflist|33em}}
== Further reading == {{refbegin|33em}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang X, Dai W | title = Shugoshin, a guardian for sister chromatid segregation | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 310 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–9 | date = Oct 2005 | pmid = 16112668 | doi = 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.07.018 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Fu G, Ding X, Yuan K, Aikhionbare F, Yao J, Cai X, Jiang K, Yao X | title = Phosphorylation of human Sgo1 by NEK2A is essential for chromosome congression in mitosis | journal = Cell Research | volume = 17 | issue = 7 | pages = 608–18 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17621308 | doi = 10.1038/cr.2007.55 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Pouwels J, Kukkonen AM, Lan W, Daum JR, Gorbsky GJ, Stukenberg T, Kallio MJ | title = Shugoshin 1 plays a central role in kinetochore assembly and is required for kinetochore targeting of Plk1 | journal = Cell Cycle | volume = 6 | issue = 13 | pages = 1579–85 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17617734 | doi = 10.4161/cc.6.13.4442 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Fu G, Hua S, Ward T, Ding X, Yang Y, Guo Z, Yao X | title = D-box is required for the degradation of human Shugoshin and chromosome alignment | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 357 | issue = 3 | pages = 672–8 | date = Jun 2007 | pmid = 17448445 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.204 | bibcode = 2007BBRC..357..672F }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang Y, Wang X, Dai W | title = Human Sgo1 is an excellent target for induction of apoptosis of transformed cells | journal = Cell Cycle | volume = 5 | issue = 8 | pages = 896–901 | date = Apr 2006 | pmid = 16628005 | doi = 10.4161/cc.5.8.2691 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Tang Z, Shu H, Qi W, Mahmood NA, Mumby MC, Yu H | title = PP2A is required for centromeric localization of Sgo1 and proper chromosome segregation | journal = Developmental Cell | volume = 10 | issue = 5 | pages = 575–85 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16580887 | doi = 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.03.010 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Kitajima TS, Sakuno T, Ishiguro K, Iemura S, Natsume T, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y | title = Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin | journal = Nature | volume = 441 | issue = 7089 | pages = 46–52 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16541025 | doi = 10.1038/nature04663 | bibcode = 2006Natur.441...46K | s2cid = 4425074 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = McGuinness BE, Hirota T, Kudo NR, Peters JM, Nasmyth K | title = Shugoshin prevents dissociation of cohesin from centromeres during mitosis in vertebrate cells | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = e86 | date = Mar 2005 | pmid = 15737064 | pmc = 1054882 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030086 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Kitajima TS, Hauf S, Ohsugi M, Yamamoto T, Watanabe Y | title = Human Bub1 defines the persistent cohesion site along the mitotic chromosome by affecting Shugoshin localization | journal = Current Biology | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 353–9 | date = Feb 2005 | pmid = 15723797 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.044 | s2cid = 18249910 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2005CBio...15..353K }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Tang Z, Sun Y, Harley SE, Zou H, Yu H | title = Human Bub1 protects centromeric sister-chromatid cohesion through Shugoshin during mitosis | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 101 | issue = 52 | pages = 18012–7 | date = Dec 2004 | pmid = 15604152 | pmc = 539817 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0408600102 | bibcode = 2004PNAS..10118012T | doi-access = free }} {{refend}}
Category:Genes mutated in mice