{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Kallistatin''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SERPINA4'' gene.<ref name="pmid8227002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chai KX, Chen LM, Chao J, Chao L | title = Kallistatin: a novel human serine proteinase inhibitor. Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and expression in Escherichia coli | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 268 | issue = 32 | pages = 24498–505 |date=Dec 1993 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(20)80553-5 | pmid = 8227002 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SERPINA4 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5267}}</ref>
Kallistatin consists of three folded ß segments and eight helical structures and contains two functional domains, an active site and a heparin-binding site.
Kallistatin signals through several receptors, including integrin ß3, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), nucleolin, and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4).<ref name="pmid32393963">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang G, Zou J, Yu X, Yin S, Tang C | title = The antiatherogenic function of kallistatin and its potential mechanism | journal = Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)| volume = 52 | issue = 6 | pages = 583–589 |date=June 2020 | doi = 10.1093/abbs/gmaa035 | pmid = 32393963 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="ABBS 5835537">{{cite journal | title = ABBS : The antiatherogenic function of kallistatin and its potential mechanism | journal = Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica| date = 20 June 2020| volume = 52| issue = 6| pages = 583–589| doi = 10.1093/abbs/gmaa035| url = https://academic.oup.com/abbs/article/52/6/583/5835537| vauthors = Wang G, Zou J, Yu X, Yin S, Tang C | pmid = 32393963| url-access = subscription}}</ref>
==See also== * Serpin
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== {{refbegin | 2}} *{{cite journal | author=Chao J |title=Novel roles of kallistatin, a specific tissue kallikrein inhibitor, in vascular remodeling |journal=Biol. Chem. |volume=382 |issue= 1 |pages= 15–21 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11258665 |doi=10.1515/BC.2001.003 | author2=Miao RQ | author3=Chen V | last4=Chen | first4=Li-Mei | last5=Chao | first5=Lee |s2cid=33204682 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou GX, Chao L, Chao J |title=Kallistatin: a novel human tissue kallikrein inhibitor. Purification, characterization, and reactive center sequence |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 36 |pages= 25873–80 |year= 1993 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)35690-4 |pmid= 1334488 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite book |vauthors=Wang MY, Day J, Chao L, Chao J |title=Kinins V |chapter=Human Kallistatin, a New Tissue Kallikrein-Binding Protein: Purification and Characterization |series=Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology |date=1989 |volume=247B |pages= 1–8 |pmid= 2558505 |doi= 10.1007/978-1-4615-9546-5_1|doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |isbn=978-1-4615-9548-9 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen LM, Song Q, Chao L, Chao J |title=Cellular localization of tissue kallikrein and kallistatin mRNAs in human kidney |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=48 |issue= 3 |pages= 690–697 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7474653 |doi=10.1038/ki.1995.339 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Chai KX, Ward DC, Chao J, Chao L |title=Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the human protease inhibitor 4 (kallistatin) gene (PI4) |journal=Genomics |volume=23 |issue= 2 |pages= 370–378 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7835886 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1513 |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal | author=Chao J |title=Kallistatin, a novel human tissue kallikrein inhibitor: levels in body fluids, blood cells, and tissues in health and disease |journal=J. Lab. Clin. Med. |volume=127 |issue= 6 |pages= 612–620 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8648266 |doi=10.1016/S0022-2143(96)90152-3 | author2=Schmaier A | author3=Chen LM | last4=Yang | first4=Z | last5=Chao | first5=L }} *{{cite journal | author=Wang DZ |title=Expression and cellular localization of tissue kallikrein-kinin system in human adrenal gland |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=271 |issue= 3 Pt 2 |pages= F709–16 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8853434 | author2=Song Q | author3=Chen LM | last4=Chao | first4=L | last5=Chao | first5=J |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.3.F709 }} *{{cite journal | author=Ma JX |title=Kallistatin in human ocular tissues: reduced levels in vitreous fluids from patients with diabetic retinopathy |journal=Curr. Eye Res. |volume=15 |issue= 11 |pages= 1117–1123 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8950506 |doi=10.3109/02713689608995143 | author2=King LP | author3=Yang Z | last4=Crouch | first4=Rosalie K. | last5=Chao | first5=Lee | last6=Chao | first6=Julie }} *{{cite journal | author=Wolf WC |title=Cellular localization of kallistatin and tissue kallikrein in human pancreas and salivary glands |journal=Histochem. Cell Biol. |volume=110 |issue= 5 |pages= 477–484 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9826127 |doi=10.1007/s004180050309 | author2=Harley RA | author3=Sluce D | last4=Chao | first4=J. | last5=Harley | first5=Russell A. |s2cid=25547665 }} *{{cite journal | author=Wolf WC |title=Localization and expression of tissue kallikrein and kallistatin in human blood vessels |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=47 |issue= 2 |pages= 221–8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9889257 |doi=10.1177/002215549904700210 | author2=Harley RA | author3=Sluce D | last4=Chao | first4=L | last5=Chao | first5=J |s2cid=1126556 |doi-access=}} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Bläckberg M, Berling R, Ohlsson K |title=Tissue kallikrein in severe acute pancreatitis in patients treated with high-dose intraperitoneal aprotinin |journal=Pancreas |volume=19 |issue= 4 |pages= 325–334 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10547191 |doi=10.1097/00006676-199911000-00002 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen VC, Chao L, Chao J |title=Reactive-site specificity of human kallistatin toward tissue kallikrein probed by site-directed mutagenesis |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1479 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 237–46 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10862973 |doi=10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00044-3 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen VC, Chao L, Chao J |title=A positively charged loop on the surface of kallistatin functions to enhance tissue kallikrein inhibition by acting as a secondary binding site for kallikrein |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 51 |pages= 40371–40377 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10991942 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M005691200 |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal | author=Chen VC |title=Identification of a major heparin-binding site in kallistatin |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 2 |pages= 1276–1284 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11016932 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M005791200 | author2=Chao L | author3=Pimenta DC | last4=Bledsoe | first4=G | last5=Juliano | first5=L | last6=Chao | first6=J | doi-access=free}} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Pimenta DC, Oliveira A, Juliano MA, Juliano L |title=Substrate specificity of human cathepsin D using internally quenched fluorescent peptides derived from reactive site loop of kallistatin |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1544 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 113–22 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11341921 |doi=10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00209-0 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Miao RQ, Agata J, Chao L, Chao J |title=Kallistatin is a new inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth |journal=Blood |volume=100 |issue= 9 |pages= 3245–3252 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12384424 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0185 |url= https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/100/9/3245/16372/Kallistatin-is-a-new-inhibitor-of-angiogenesis-and|doi-access= free |url-access= subscription }} *{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–16903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 | author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Miao RQ, Chen V, Chao L, Chao J |title=Structural elements of kallistatin required for inhibition of angiogenesis |journal=Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. |volume=284 |issue= 6 |pages= C1604–13 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12734113 |doi= 10.1152/ajpgi.00524.2002 |s2cid=1753923 |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f96e/70b9ecdaf0b2c0ab5797084319040401b523.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309123640/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f96e/70b9ecdaf0b2c0ab5797084319040401b523.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-03-09 }} {{refend}}
==External links== * The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/cgi-bin/merops.cgi?id=I04.003 I04.003] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121223083610/http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/cgi-bin/pepsum?mid=i04.003 |date=2012-12-23 }} * {{MeshName|SERPINA4+protein,+human}}
{{Serpins}}
Category:Serine protease inhibitors
{{gene-14-stub}}