{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Cavin-2''' or '''Serum deprivation-response protein''' ('''SDPR''') is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SDPR'' gene.<ref name="pmid10191091">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gustincich S, Vatta P, Goruppi S, Wolf M, Saccone S, Della Valle G, Baggiolini M, Schneider C | display-authors = 6 | title = The human serum deprivation response gene (SDPR) maps to 2q32-q33 and codes for a phosphatidylserine-binding protein | journal = Genomics | volume = 57 | issue = 1 | pages = 120–9 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10191091 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1998.5733 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8241023">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gustincich S, Schneider C | title = Serum deprivation response gene is induced by serum starvation but not by contact inhibition | journal = Cell Growth & Differentiation | volume = 4 | issue = 9 | pages = 753–60 | date = September 1993 | pmid = 8241023 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SDPR serum deprivation response (phosphatidylserine binding protein)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8436}}</ref> Cavin-2 is highly expressed in a variety of human endothelial cells.<ref name="Boopathy_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Boopathy GT, Kulkarni M, Ho SY, Boey A, Chua EW, Barathi VA, Carney TJ, Wang X, Hong W | display-authors = 6 | title = Cavin-2 regulates the activity and stability of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) in angiogenesis | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 292 | issue = 43 | pages = 17760–17776 | date = October 2017 | pmid = 28912276 | pmc = 5663877 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M117.794743 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
This gene has a calcium-independent phospholipid-binding protein whose expression increases in serum-starved cells. This protein has also been shown to be a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation.<ref name="entrez"/>
== Function == Cavin-2 is required for blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) in humans and zebrafish and required also for the endothelial cell proliferation, migration and invasion in humans.<ref name="Boopathy_2017" /> Cavin-2 plays an important role in endothelial cell maintenance by regulating eNOS activity.<ref name="Boopathy_2017" /> Cavin-2 controls the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in human endothelial cells by controlling the activity and stability of the protein endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS).<ref name="Boopathy_2017" />
== Secretion == Cavin-2 is highly secreted from human endothelial cells (HUVEC), they are secreted through endothelial microparticles (EMPs) but not exosomes and is required for EMP biogenesis.<ref name="Boopathy_2017" />
== Clinical significance ==
SDPR is shown to act as a metastasis suppressor by xenograft studies utilizing breast cancer cell lines.<ref name="pmid26739564">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ozturk S, Papageorgis P, Wong CK, Lambert AW, Abdolmaleky HM, Thiagalingam A, Cohen HT, Thiagalingam S | display-authors = 6 | title = SDPR functions as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer by promoting apoptosis | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 113 | issue = 3 | pages = 638–43 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 26739564 | pmc = 4725521 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1514663113 | bibcode = 2016PNAS..113..638O | doi-access = free }}</ref> SDPR may elicit its metastasis suppressor function by directly interacting with ERK and limiting its pro-survival role.<ref name="pmid26739564"/> Moreover, it is suggested that SDPR is silenced during breast cancer progression by promoter DNA methylation.<ref name="pmid26739564"/> Metastasis suppressor role of SDPR may go beyond breast cancer since tumor samples from bladder, colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers as well as sarcomas also exhibited loss of SDPR expression.<ref name="pmid26739564"/>
== References == {{reflist}}
== Further reading == {{refbegin | 2}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Burgener R, Wolf M, Ganz T, Baggiolini M | title = Purification and characterization of a major phosphatidylserine-binding phosphoprotein from human platelets | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 269 | issue = 3 | pages = 729–34 | date = August 1990 | pmid = 2390065 | pmc = 1131648 | doi = 10.1042/bj2690729 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Cross SH, Charlton JA, Nan X, Bird AP | title = Purification of CpG islands using a methylated DNA binding column | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 236–44 | date = March 1994 | pmid = 8012384 | doi = 10.1038/ng0394-236 | s2cid = 12847618 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mineo C, Ying YS, Chapline C, Jaken S, Anderson RG | title = Targeting of protein kinase Calpha to caveolae | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 141 | issue = 3 | pages = 601–10 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9566962 | pmc = 2132740 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.141.3.601 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J | title = Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides | journal = Nature Biotechnology | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 566–9 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12665801 | doi = 10.1038/nbt810 | s2cid = 23783563 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW | display-authors = 6 | title = Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation | journal = Nature Biotechnology | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 707–16 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15146197 | doi = 10.1038/nbt971 | s2cid = 27764390 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M | display-authors = 6 | title = Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network | journal = Nature | volume = 437 | issue = 7062 | pages = 1173–8 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16189514 | doi = 10.1038/nature04209 | bibcode = 2005Natur.437.1173R | s2cid = 4427026 }} {{refend}}
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